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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 1
Book Description
Rapid detection of toxic chemicals in drinking water supplies is complicated by the wide range of potential chemical threats and a limited capability for continuous, real-time monitoring of drinking water contaminants. An automated biomonitoring system has been developed to provide a rapid response to developing toxicity caused by a broad spectrum of individual chemicals or chemical mixtures. The biomonitor detects sublethal changes in fish behavior by continuously tracking the ventilatory rate and depth, cough rate, and whole body movement of eight individual fish (bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus). Key water quality parameters monitored continuously include temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity. When changes in fish behavior cause a pre-determined alarm threshold to be exceeded, the biomonitor initiates an automated water sampler to allow follow-on analytical chemistry evaluations and provides immediate notification of appropriate individuals through an autodialer. Software enables access to the ventilatory data from remote locations for alarm follow-up and diagnostic evaluations. Use of two sets of eight fish ensures continuous water monitoring, and routine maintenance is approximately four hours per week. Data for a limited number of chemicals indicate that the biomonitor is likely to respond within an hour to concentrations at or below the 96-h LC50 (the level lethal to half the exposed animals in 4 days). The biomonitor is now being used to continuously monitor source water for a water treatment plant. Biomonitor improvements in progress include a graphical user interface, an expert system to better identify biomonitor responses due to toxicity, and Internet accessibility. The biomonitor complements chemical surveillance techniques by providing continuous, real-time monitoring for unsuspected chemicals, chemical mixtures, and transient events, and by giving early warning of potential toxicity.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 1
Book Description
Rapid detection of toxic chemicals in drinking water supplies is complicated by the wide range of potential chemical threats and a limited capability for continuous, real-time monitoring of drinking water contaminants. An automated biomonitoring system has been developed to provide a rapid response to developing toxicity caused by a broad spectrum of individual chemicals or chemical mixtures. The biomonitor detects sublethal changes in fish behavior by continuously tracking the ventilatory rate and depth, cough rate, and whole body movement of eight individual fish (bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus). Key water quality parameters monitored continuously include temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity. When changes in fish behavior cause a pre-determined alarm threshold to be exceeded, the biomonitor initiates an automated water sampler to allow follow-on analytical chemistry evaluations and provides immediate notification of appropriate individuals through an autodialer. Software enables access to the ventilatory data from remote locations for alarm follow-up and diagnostic evaluations. Use of two sets of eight fish ensures continuous water monitoring, and routine maintenance is approximately four hours per week. Data for a limited number of chemicals indicate that the biomonitor is likely to respond within an hour to concentrations at or below the 96-h LC50 (the level lethal to half the exposed animals in 4 days). The biomonitor is now being used to continuously monitor source water for a water treatment plant. Biomonitor improvements in progress include a graphical user interface, an expert system to better identify biomonitor responses due to toxicity, and Internet accessibility. The biomonitor complements chemical surveillance techniques by providing continuous, real-time monitoring for unsuspected chemicals, chemical mixtures, and transient events, and by giving early warning of potential toxicity.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 11
Book Description
Automated biomonitoring systems provide continuous, real-time monitoring of changes in water quality and can rapidly identify toxicity associated with a wide range of chemical contaminants while increasing public confidence in drinking water quality. Biomonitor use is widespread in Europe but rare in the United States. This paper illustrates how biomonitors can contribute to an early warning monitoring system for source and finished water protection using case studies of a biomonitor that continuously monitors the fish ventilatory patterns integrated with basic water quality parameters. At two water utilities, the biomonitor was operational . 96% of the time. Toxicity alarms occurred for a small diesel oil spill and a probable agricultural chemical release. The case studies provide a context for a discussion of considerations important for biomonitor implementation, including: toxicant responsiveness, event confirmation, implementing biomonitors in a decision-making process, and costs. Recommendations are provided for biomonitor use at raw water intake and in distribution systems.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309102723 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 317
Book Description
Biomonitoring—a method for measuring amounts of toxic chemicals in human tissues—is a valuable tool for studying potentially harmful environmental chemicals. Biomonitoring data have been used to confirm exposures to chemicals and validate public health policies. For example, population biomonitoring data showing high blood lead concentrations resulted in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) regulatory reduction of lead in gasoline; biomonitoring data confirmed a resultant drop in blood lead concentrations. Despite recent advances, the science needed to understand the implications of the biomonitoring data for human health is still in its nascent stages. Use of the data also raises communication and ethical challenges. In response to a congressional request, EPA asked the National Research Council to address those challenges in an independent study. Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals provides a framework for improving the use of biomonitoring data including developing and using biomarkers (measures of exposure), research to improve the interpretation of data, ways to communicate findings to the public, and a review of ethical issues.
Author: A. Gerhardt Publisher: Trans Tech Publications ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
Biomonitoring of water pollution grew out of various disciplines, such as aquatic ecology and (eco)toxicology. It has now become a scientific tool for monitoring the degree of pollution of aquatic systems. The present book is a comprehensive review of the field. The most promising techniques used in the biomonitoring of polluted water are discussed in the light of their advantages and limitations.
Author: B.A. Markert Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080527973 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1017
Book Description
This book provides comprehensive single source coverage of bioindication/biomonitoring in the fields of ecology, ecotoxicology and environmental sciences; from the ecological basics to the effects of chemicals on the environment and the latest test strategies.Contributions by leading figures in ecology from around the world reflect the broad scope of current thinking and research, making this volume essential reading for informed professionals and students.
Author: Deborah V Chapman Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0419215905 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 658
Book Description
This guidebook, now thoroughly updated and revised in its second edition, gives comprehensive advice on the designing and setting up of monitoring programmes for the purpose of providing valid data for water quality assessments in all types of freshwater bodies. It is clearly and concisely written in order to provide the essential information for all agencies and individuals responsible for the water quality.
Author: Geneviève M. Carr Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint ISBN: 9789295039513 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
This document is intended to provide an overview of the major components of surface and ground water quality and how these relate to ecosystem and human health. Local, regional and global assessments of water quality monitoring data are used to illustrate key features of aquatic environments, and to demonstrate how human activities on the landscape can influence water quality in both positive and negative ways. Clear and concise background knowledge on water quality can serve to support other water assessments.
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Author: National Research Council
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Author: A. Gerhardt
Author: B.A. Markert
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Author: Deborah V Chapman
Author: Geneviève M. Carr
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water