Author: John C. FoltzPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Demand Impact and Policy Implications from Taxing Nitrogen Fertilizer
Economic Effects of Controls on Nitrogen Fertilizer
Author: Earl Raymond SwansonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrogen fertilizers
Languages : en
Pages : 44
Book Description
Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle
Author: Arvin MosierPublisher: Island Press
ISBN: 1597267430
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and a key agricultural input-but in excess it can lead to a host of problems for human and ecological health. Across the globe, distribution of fertilizer nitrogen is very uneven, with some areas subject to nitrogen pollution and others suffering from reduced soil fertility, diminished crop production, and other consequences of inadequate supply. Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle provides a global assessment of the role of nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen cycle. The focus of the book is regional, emphasizing the need to maintain food and fiber production while minimizing environmental impacts where fertilizer is abundant, and the need to enhance fertilizer utilization in systems where nitrogen is limited. The book is derived from a workshop held by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) in Kampala, Uganda, that brought together the world's leading scientists to examine and discuss the nitrogen cycle and related problems. It contains an overview chapter that summarizes the group's findings, four chapters on cross-cutting issues, and thirteen background chapters. The book offers a unique synthesis and provides an up-to-date, broad perspective on the issues of nitrogen fertilizer in food production and the interaction of nitrogen and the environment.
An Economic Analysis of the U.S. Retail Fertilizer Industry
Author: Muhammad Ramzan AkhtarPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Book Description
Taxing Nitrogen Fertilizer
Author: Okwudili Okeleke OnianwaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
The Implications of Climate Change Policy in the United States Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry
Author: Jacob Michael HumberPublisher:
ISBN: 9781369795479
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The imposition of environmental regulations, such as greenhouse gas charges, to domestic manufacturing traditionally creates concerns over the impacts of those regulations on international competition and emissions leakage. To address these concerns, environmental regulations utilize an allowance trading scheme that allocates free allowances to those industries that are most susceptible to such effects. Such environmental regulations have been proposed by Federal legislation and are currently practiced in California, Australia and New Zealand. This dissertation studies the implications of such a policy in the context of the U.S. nitrogen fertilizer industry. This industry is an interesting candidate of study as it has been identified, by conventional metrics, to be an industry that is particularly vulnerable to the imposition of an environmental charge. The second chapter of this dissertation utilizes the price of natural gas, a key input in the production of nitrogen fertilizer, as a proxy for a potential greenhouse gas charge. A structural break in the natural gas to nitrogen fertilizer price pass-through rate is discovered at the onset of 2010. One implication of this change in pricing dynamics is that the imposition of greenhouse gas (GHG) regulations on producers of nitrogen fertilizer would have almost no impact on fertilizer prices. Within the context of an allowance trading scheme in which the U.S. nitrogen fertilizer industry would receive free allowances, fertilizer producers would likely receive a transfer on the order of hundreds of millions of dollars with no impact on fertilizer prices, emissions or quantity consumed. The third chapter of this dissertation extends the work of the second chapter and focuses exclusively on the potential causes of the decoupling of nitrogen fertilizer and natural gas prices. In doing so, I identify two structural breaks that coincide with the commodity price spike in 2007-2008 and the fracking boom. These findings are consistent with observed industry utilization rates and suggest that the decoupling of nitrogen fertilizer and natural gas price is a result of the U.S. nitrogen fertilizer industry being capacity constrained. When free allowances are allocated in accordance with predefined industry metrics, as is the case for allowance trading schemes that allocate free allowances to vulnerable industries, an implicit incentive exists for an industry to manipulate output so as to maintain its eligibility to receive allowances. Chapter four of this dissertation explores the implication of this discrete threshold in the context of the U.S. nitrogen fertilizer industry. Simulating a theoretical model, I find that for a specific range of input prices, the U.S. nitrogen fertilizer industry has an incentive to produce a level of output that ensures it continues to receive free allowances. As a result, the industry produces a level of output in which the marginal revenue exceeds the marginal cost of production and therefore it receives economic rents in the long-run.
Economic Instruments in Chemicals Policy
Author: Patrik SöderholmPublisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289319208
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 99
Book Description
This report investigates the potential for increased use of economic instruments, not the least taxes and charges, in chemcials policy. It provides a conceptual discussion of the role of different market-based instruments in controlling pollution based on chemicals production and use, and outlines a comprehensive overview and analysis of the European experiences of taxes and charges in chemicals policy during the last decades. A final chapter evaluates a set of carefully selected economic instruments targeted at specific chemical compounds and products. The cases have been chosen so as to illustrate different types of challenges in relying more extensively on economic instruments in chemicals policy, and they include the use of: (a) different types of two-stroke oils; (b) the substance nonylphenol (NP) and its ethoxylates (NPEs), which break down into NPs; and (c) ethylene glycol. The report has been commissioned by the Working Group on Environment and Economics under the Nordic Council of Ministers.
A Direct Approach for Estimating Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Land Demands at the Regional Level
Author: Harry VroomenPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural extension work
Languages : en
Pages : 24
Book Description
Foreign Agricultural Economic Report
Author: Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming
Author: National Academy of EngineeringPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309043867
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 945
Book Description
Global warming continues to gain importance on the international agenda and calls for action are heightening. Yet, there is still controversy over what must be done and what is needed to proceed. Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming describes the information necessary to make decisions about global warming resulting from atmospheric releases of radiatively active trace gases. The conclusions and recommendations include some unexpected results. The distinguished authoring committee provides specific advice for U.S. policy and addresses the need for an international response to potential greenhouse warming. It offers a realistic view of gaps in the scientific understanding of greenhouse warming and how much effort and expense might be required to produce definitive answers. The book presents methods for assessing options to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, offset emissions, and assist humans and unmanaged systems of plants and animals to adjust to the consequences of global warming.