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Author: Jonathan Israel Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199668094 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 1083
Book Description
That the Enlightenment shaped modernity is uncontested. Yet remarkably few historians or philosophers have attempted to trace the process of ideas from the political and social turmoil of the late eighteenth century to the present day. This is precisely what Jonathan Israel now does. In Democratic Enlightenment, Israel demonstrates that the Enlightenment was an essentially revolutionary process, driven by philosophical debate. The American Revolution and its concerns certainly acted as a major factor in the intellectual ferment that shaped the wider upheaval that followed, but the radical philosophes were no less critical than enthusiastic about the American model. From 1789, the General Revolution's impetus came from a small group of philosophe-revolutionnaires, men such as Mirabeau, Sieyes, Condorcet, Volney, Roederer, and Brissot. Not aligned to any of the social groups represented in the French National assembly, they nonetheless forged "la philosophie moderne"-in effect Radical Enlightenment ideas-into a world-transforming ideology that had a lasting impact in Latin America, Canada and Eastern Europe as well as France, Italy, Germany, and the Low Countries. In addition, Israel argues that while all French revolutionary journals powerfully affirmed that la philosophie moderne was the main cause of the French Revolution, the main stream of historical thought has failed to grasp what this implies. Israel sets the record straight, demonstrating the true nature of the engine that drove the Revolution, and the intimate links between the radical wing of the Enlightenment and the anti-Robespierriste "Revolution of reason."
Author: Jonathan Israel Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199668094 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 1083
Book Description
That the Enlightenment shaped modernity is uncontested. Yet remarkably few historians or philosophers have attempted to trace the process of ideas from the political and social turmoil of the late eighteenth century to the present day. This is precisely what Jonathan Israel now does. In Democratic Enlightenment, Israel demonstrates that the Enlightenment was an essentially revolutionary process, driven by philosophical debate. The American Revolution and its concerns certainly acted as a major factor in the intellectual ferment that shaped the wider upheaval that followed, but the radical philosophes were no less critical than enthusiastic about the American model. From 1789, the General Revolution's impetus came from a small group of philosophe-revolutionnaires, men such as Mirabeau, Sieyes, Condorcet, Volney, Roederer, and Brissot. Not aligned to any of the social groups represented in the French National assembly, they nonetheless forged "la philosophie moderne"-in effect Radical Enlightenment ideas-into a world-transforming ideology that had a lasting impact in Latin America, Canada and Eastern Europe as well as France, Italy, Germany, and the Low Countries. In addition, Israel argues that while all French revolutionary journals powerfully affirmed that la philosophie moderne was the main cause of the French Revolution, the main stream of historical thought has failed to grasp what this implies. Israel sets the record straight, demonstrating the true nature of the engine that drove the Revolution, and the intimate links between the radical wing of the Enlightenment and the anti-Robespierriste "Revolution of reason."
Author: Andrew James Johnston Publisher: V&R Unipress ISBN: 384700896X Category : History Languages : en Pages : 235
Book Description
Traditionen leben von der Dialektik der Wiederholung, die das Gleiche stets anders inszeniert. Sie speisen sich aus den Erinnerungen; an der Grenze von bedacht und selbstverständlich getan lassen sie sich nur als selbstverständliche Überzeugungen bestimmen. Aber wie ist es dennoch möglich, Traditionen zu beeinflussen? Der vorliegende Band widmet sich der Frage, wie man mit Traditionen Symbolpolitik machen kann. Was sind die Zumutungen der Traditionen, wenn sie politisch instrumentalisiert werden? Gibt es Grenzen der Manipulation, die im Wesen der jeweiligen Traditionen liegen und sie folglich definieren? Die BeiträgerInnen geben eine Vielzahl von Antworten, indem sie sich Topoi aus Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive widmen. Traditions thrive on the dialectic of repetition. Drawing their topoi from the well of memory, they are situated on the very border between the deliberate and the habitual. Yet how is it possible to influence traditions? The present collection of essays studies the ways in which traditions are employed in the service of symbolic politics. What are the burdens and impositions of traditions, when their topoi are consciously exploited in the service of ideological purposes? Are there certain limits to manipulation that lie in the very nature of the traditions in question, a nature which therefore defines them? The contributors give a host of answers, studying topoi in medieval and early modern Europe from an interdisciplinary perspective.
Author: Jonathan I. Israel Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0191058254 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 988
Book Description
The Enlightenment that Failed explores the growing rift between those Enlightenment trends and initiatives that appealed exclusively to elites and those aspiring to enlighten all of society by raising mankind's awareness, freedoms, and educational level generally. Jonathan I. Israel explains why the democratic and radical secularizing tendency of the Western Enlightenment, after gaining some notable successes during the revolutionary era (1775-1820) in numerous countries, especially in Europe, North America, and Spanish America, ultimately failed. He argues that a populist, Robespierriste tendency, sharply at odds with democratic values and freedom of expression, gained an ideological advantage in France, and that the negative reaction this generally provoked caused a more general anti-Enlightenment reaction, a surging anti-intellectualism combined with forms of religious revival that largely undermined the longings of the deprived, underprivileged, and disadvantaged, and ended by helping, albeit often unwittingly, conservative anti-Enlightenment ideologies to dominate the scene. The Enlightenment that Failed relates both the American and the French revolutions to the Enlightenment in a markedly different fashion from how this is usually done, showing how both great revolutions were fundamentally split between bitterly opposed and utterly incompatible ideological tendencies. Radical Enlightenment, which had been an effective ideological challenge to the prevailing monarchical-aristocratic status quo, was weakened, then almost entirely derailed and displaced from the Western consciousness, in the 1830s and 1840s by the rise of Marxism and other forms of socialism.
Author: Mark Curran Publisher: Boydell & Brewer Ltd ISBN: 0861933168 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
This book examines the reception of the works of the Baron d'Holbach throughout Francophone Europe. It insists that d'Holbach's historical importance has been understated, argues the case for the existence of a significant 'Christian Enlightenment', and much more.
Author: Mary Ashburn Miller Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN: 0801460840 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 249
Book Description
How did the French Revolutionaries explain, justify, and understand the extraordinary violence of their revolution? In debating this question, historians have looked to a variety of eighteenth-century sources, from Rousseau’s writings to Old Regime protest tactics. A Natural History of Revolution suggests that it is perhaps on a different shelf of the Enlightenment library that we might find the best clues for understanding the French Revolution: namely, in studies of the natural world. In their attempts to portray and explain the events of the Revolution, political figures, playwrights, and journalists often turned to the book of nature: phenomena such as hailstorms and thunderbolts found their way into festivals, plays, and political speeches as descriptors of revolutionary activity. The particular way that revolutionaries deployed these metaphors drew on notions derived from the natural science of the day about regeneration, purgation, and balance. In examining a series of tropes (earthquakes, lightning, mountains, swamps, and volcanoes) that played an important role in the public language of the Revolution, A Natural History of Revolution reveals that understanding the use of this natural imagery is fundamental to our understanding of the Terror. Eighteenth-century natural histories had demonstrated that in the natural world, apparent disorder could lead to a restored equilibrium, or even regeneration. This logic drawn from the natural world offered the revolutionaries a crucial means of explaining and justifying revolutionary transformation. If thunder could restore balance in the atmosphere, and if volcanic eruptions could create more fertile soil, then so too could episodes of violence and disruption in the political realm be portrayed as necessary for forging a new order in revolutionary France.
Author: Jonathan Israel Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 1538123142 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 398
Book Description
Given the huge advances achieved by research regarding many aspects of the Enlightenment over the past several decades there is certainly a crying need for a one-volume dictionary to serve as guide to the main Enlightenment writers, thinkers, publicists and educators, the Enlightenment’s key labels, conceptual terms, categories and currents of thought, and to the titles of the most important projects, enactments and initiatives. Historical Dictionary of the Enlightenment, Second Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 300 cross-referenced entries. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Enlightenment.
Author: Jonathan Israel
Author: Jonathan Israel
Author: Andrew James Johnston
Author: Jonathan I. Israel
Author: Mark Curran
Author: William Fleming
Author: William FLEMING (D.D.)
Author: Max Pearson Cushing
Author: Mary Ashburn Miller
Author: Jonathan Israel
Author: