Delineation of Coastal Shark Habitat Within North Carolina Waters Using Acoustic Telemetry, Fishery-Independent Surveys, and Local Ecological Knowledge PDF Download
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Author: Charles W Bangley Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Knowledge of shark habitat preferences and use patterns is important to effectively manage shark fisheries and account for interactions between sharks and species targeted by other fishery management or conservation efforts. To gain baseline knowledge of the availability and spatial extent of shark habitat in North Carolina waters, habitat was assessed at three spatial scales: coastal nearshore, whole estuarine, and estuarine microhabitat. The local ecological knowledge of North Carolina fishermen was also incorporated and compared with data collected using fishery-independent means. Catch data and acoustic telemetry were used to assess shark habitat at the coastal nearshore scale. Sharks captured near Cape Hatteras could be grouped into warm water and cold water assemblages. Juvenile Dusky (Carcharhinus obscurus) and Sandbar (Carcharhinus plumbeus) Sharks were tracked using acoustic telemetry, and 12 of 15 tagged Sandbar Sharks were detected over an area from New York City to Savannah, Georgia. The spatial extent of potential juvenile Sandbar Shark habitat was influenced by a combination of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentrations, with habitat restricted to an area in the northern portion of Raleigh Bay near the Hatteras Bight during winter. At the estuarine scale, boosted regression tree modeling of shark catch and environmental data from North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries (NCDMF) gillnet and longline surveys were used to spatially delineate potential habitat for six species within Pamlico Sound. Inlet distance and temperature were among the most influential environmental factors associated with species presence, while salinity was the most influential factor on abundance. Potential habitat for most species was located on the east side of the sound near the inlets with the exception of the Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas), which showed hot spots of potential habitat near sources of freshwater input. At the estuarine microhabitat scale, catch and environmental data from a fishery-independent survey conducted in Back and Core Sounds and a small-scale acoustic array deployed around Middle Marsh in Back Sound were used to identify associations between species and with specific habitat types. Spatial overlap between species was generally low and species assemblages separated based on water temperature. Smooth Dogfish (Mustelus canis), and Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) occurred primarily during mid-afternoon and Blacknose Sharks (Carcharhinus acronotus) occurring most often at night. A large Bull Shark tagged in another study accounting for the majority of tag detections and occurred within the array primarily during nighttime hours, most often on receivers deployed at two oyster reef sites and one sand flat site. Local ecological knowledge (LEK) of shark distributions and habitat preferences was gathered using structured interviews with North Carolina fishermen and their observations were compared with data from fishery-independent surveys and primary literature to assess their accuracy. All hypotheses generated from LEK were classified as either supported or plausible. Overall, water temperature was identified as an important influence on shark species presence and assemblage composition, with factors such as salinity and potential interspecific interactions more important at finer habitat scales. The locations and spatial extents of shark habitats in North Carolina are influenced by dynamic environmental factors and may be affected by large-scale perturbations such as climate change.
Author: Charles W Bangley Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Knowledge of shark habitat preferences and use patterns is important to effectively manage shark fisheries and account for interactions between sharks and species targeted by other fishery management or conservation efforts. To gain baseline knowledge of the availability and spatial extent of shark habitat in North Carolina waters, habitat was assessed at three spatial scales: coastal nearshore, whole estuarine, and estuarine microhabitat. The local ecological knowledge of North Carolina fishermen was also incorporated and compared with data collected using fishery-independent means. Catch data and acoustic telemetry were used to assess shark habitat at the coastal nearshore scale. Sharks captured near Cape Hatteras could be grouped into warm water and cold water assemblages. Juvenile Dusky (Carcharhinus obscurus) and Sandbar (Carcharhinus plumbeus) Sharks were tracked using acoustic telemetry, and 12 of 15 tagged Sandbar Sharks were detected over an area from New York City to Savannah, Georgia. The spatial extent of potential juvenile Sandbar Shark habitat was influenced by a combination of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentrations, with habitat restricted to an area in the northern portion of Raleigh Bay near the Hatteras Bight during winter. At the estuarine scale, boosted regression tree modeling of shark catch and environmental data from North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries (NCDMF) gillnet and longline surveys were used to spatially delineate potential habitat for six species within Pamlico Sound. Inlet distance and temperature were among the most influential environmental factors associated with species presence, while salinity was the most influential factor on abundance. Potential habitat for most species was located on the east side of the sound near the inlets with the exception of the Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas), which showed hot spots of potential habitat near sources of freshwater input. At the estuarine microhabitat scale, catch and environmental data from a fishery-independent survey conducted in Back and Core Sounds and a small-scale acoustic array deployed around Middle Marsh in Back Sound were used to identify associations between species and with specific habitat types. Spatial overlap between species was generally low and species assemblages separated based on water temperature. Smooth Dogfish (Mustelus canis), and Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) occurred primarily during mid-afternoon and Blacknose Sharks (Carcharhinus acronotus) occurring most often at night. A large Bull Shark tagged in another study accounting for the majority of tag detections and occurred within the array primarily during nighttime hours, most often on receivers deployed at two oyster reef sites and one sand flat site. Local ecological knowledge (LEK) of shark distributions and habitat preferences was gathered using structured interviews with North Carolina fishermen and their observations were compared with data from fishery-independent surveys and primary literature to assess their accuracy. All hypotheses generated from LEK were classified as either supported or plausible. Overall, water temperature was identified as an important influence on shark species presence and assemblage composition, with factors such as salinity and potential interspecific interactions more important at finer habitat scales. The locations and spatial extents of shark habitats in North Carolina are influenced by dynamic environmental factors and may be affected by large-scale perturbations such as climate change.
Author: Michael L. Domeier Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439848408 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 571
Book Description
Inspired by the International White Shark Symposium in 2010, Global Perspectives on the Biology and Life History of the White Shark incorporates the most important contemporary research findings into a single peer-reviewed book. This beautifully illustrated reference represents a historic change in the context of White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) research. Once considered one of the most poorly understood and difficult sharks to study, this timely book recognizes a new sophisticated focus on the White Shark, raising its status from obscurity to enlightenment. The Global Perspectives on the Biology and Life History of the White Shark celebrates the White Shark as the most studied shark in the sea. Within the chapters one can find new insights into a vast range of topics, such as behavior, physiology, migration patterns, habitat preferences, daily activity patterns, molecular genetics, reproductive biology and new research methods. The book also delves into population monitoring and policy options for managers and researchers.
Author: Cheston Thomas Peterson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ecology Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Drivers of animal movement, including abiotic factors such as environmental conditions or climate and biotic factors such as species interactions and reproduction, are classic topics in ecology and relevant to both basic and applied scientific questions. Understanding phenomena such as seasonal migrations are important in fisheries management, and describing habitat use and ecological interactions is a primary goal in fisheries ecology as the field moves toward holistic, ecosystem-based approaches. Here I present the results of research investigating the drivers of movement in coastal sharks, from scales of seasonal migrations and temporal patterns of abundance to fine-scale movement of a single species as it relates to the distribution and density of its prey and predators. I used a 10 year data set of long-term fishery-independent gillnet and longline surveys to explore the effects of abiotic variables on temporal patterns of community structure of fishes and correlates of migration at two seagrass shoals off the FSU Coastal and Marine Laboratory. I examined community structure using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) with environmental fitting, compared temporal community structure using permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) of monthly catch rates in both gear types, and tested for cyclicity in community structure. I also used generalized additive models (GAMs) to explore the effects of environmental variables (e.g. temperature and photoperiod) on immigration and emigration phases of dominant taxa. I found strong seasonality and cyclicity in assemblages captured by both gear types, with depauperate winter communities and diverse assemblages in warmer month - especially late summer and fall. My results suggest temperature may determine the timing of immigration and duration of the residency period of dominant taxa, including the juvenile life stages of some coastal sharks, but photoperiod may cue immigration and emigration in adults when the purpose of those migrations includes predicable reproductive functions (e.g. parturition). I found evidence of partial migration in juvenile life stages of some coastal sharks, and hypothesize that rising temperatures due to climate change may have variable effects on residency patterns over ontogeny. I conducted similar fishery-independent sampling in Apalachicola Bay from 2018 to 2020 during the summer to study habitat overlap in multiple life stages of a group of sympatric coastal sharks. I also used data shared with me by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to explore the relationship of habitat use in coastal sharks to prey distribution and density. My analyses suggested this relationship may vary among species and life stage, as predation risk or environmental tolerances may drive habitat use in early life stages of some species. Prey distribution may be more important for dietary specialists. Interestingly, habitat use of species life stages with increasing reported dietary overlap appeared to converge. Using acoustic telemetry, I described movement and habitat use of bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas), bonnetheads (Sphyrna tiburo), and gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus) in Apalachicola Bay and St. George Sound. I used linear mixed models (LMM) to integrate the tracking information with blue crab (Calinectes sapidus) density data from the same fishery-independent surveys conducted by FWC to explore the predator-prey dynamics of blue crabs, bonnetheads, and bull sharks. All three fishes were resident throughout the summer and were philopatric. Bull sharks used more of the habitat than bonnetheads or gafftopsail catfish. Bonnetheads mainly used seagrass habitats, while gafftopsail catfish used muddy habitats around freshwater inputs. There were relationships of size and the proportion of the acoustic array each species used, with a positive correlation of size and space used in both species of sharks and a negative correlation in gafftopsail catfish, which may be driven my differences between sexes. Bonnetheads were not detected in habitats where blue crabs were most dense, but the probability of bull shark presence was highest. Results of the LMM analyses suggested a significant negative relationship of bonnethead habitat use and bull shark presence probability, as well as a significant negative relationship of the interaction of bull shark presence and salinity (bull shark presence probability was highest at sites with the lowest average salinities). These results suggest habitat use in bonnetheads may follow predictions of optimal foraging theory and the ideal free distribution under the constraint of predation risk, which may be informative in understanding the roles of predation and prey availability in the habitat use of marine mesopredators.
Author: W. Clay Creswell Publisher: Univ of South Carolina Press ISBN: 1643361813 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 188
Book Description
A detailed account of over one hundred shark-related incidents on the coast of the Carolinas from a shark-bite investigator Powerful and mysterious, sharks inspire both fascination and fear. Worldwide, oceans are home to some five-hundred species, and of those, fifty-six are known to reside in or pass through the waters off the coast of both North and South Carolina. At any given time, waders, swimmers, and surfers enjoying these waters are frequently within just one-hundred feet of a shark. While it's unnerving to know that sharks often swim just below the surface in the shallows, W. Clay Creswell, a shark-bite investigator for the Shark Research Institute's Global Shark Attack File, explains that attacks on humans are extremely rare. In 2019 the International Shark Attack File confirmed sixty-four unprovoked attacks on humans, including three in North Carolina and one in South Carolina. While acknowledging that they pose real dangers to humans, Creswell believes the fear of sharks is greatly exaggerated. During his sixteen-year association with the Shark Research Institute, he has investigated more than one hundred shark-related incidents and has maintained a database of all shark–human encounters along the Carolina coastlines back to 1817. Creswell uses this data to expose the truth and history of this often-sensationalized topic. Beyond the statistics related to attacks in the Carolina waters, Sharks in the Shallows offers a history of shark–human interactions and an introduction to the world of shark attacks. Creswell details the conditions that increase a person's chances of an encounter, profiles the three species most often involved in attacks, and reveals the months and time of day with the highest probability of an encounter. With a better understanding of sharks' responses to their environment, and what motivates them to attack humans, he hopes people will develop a greater appreciation of the invaluable role sharks play in our marine environment.
Author: Frank J. Schwartz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 188
Book Description
This handy illustrated guide covers the ninety-one species of sharks, skates, and rays found in waters along the coasts of North Carolina and South Carolina. It will be an essential reference for shark enthusiasts, coastal residents, tourists, aquarium visitors, scientists, and anyone interested in these fascinating fishes. In his introduction, Frank J. Schwartz provides a general explanation of the physical features of sharks, skates, and rays. He also discusses matters such as the possible causes of shark attacks, conservation concerns surrounding sport and commercial shark fishing, breeding habits, and shark fossils. Each species of shark, skate, and ray is shown in a clear illustration, accompanied by a concise description and notes on its color, size, distribution, and occurrence. A series of keys based on physical characteristics will aid readers in accurately identifying each species.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309453747 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is responsible for collecting information on marine recreational angling. It does so principally through the Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP), a survey program that consists of an in-person survey at fishing access sites and a mail survey, in addition to other complementary or alternative surveys. Data collected from anglers through MRIP supply fisheries managers with essential information for assessing fish stocks. In 2006, the National Research Council provided an evaluation of MRIP's predecessor, the Marine Recreational Fisheries Statistics Survey (MRFSS). That review, Review of Recreational Fisheries Survey Methods, presented conclusions and recommendations in six categories: sampling issues; statistical estimation issues; human dimensions; program management and support; communication and outreach; and general recommendations. After spending nearly a decade addressing the recommendations, NMFS requested another evaluation of its modified survey program (MRIP). This report, the result of that evaluation, serves as a 10-year progress report. It recognizes the progress that NMFS has made, including major improvements in the statistical soundness of its survey designs, and also highlights some remaining challenges and provides recommendations for addressing them.
Author: Clark Raymond Morgan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Marine nurseries -- Florida -- Jacksonville Beach Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Nearshore marine environments are known to be highly productive systems with relatively high faunal diversity and abundances, but these systems are particularly vulnerable to negative impacts from anthropogenic disturbances that can result in habitat degradation. Despite these challenges, many shark species of various life stages utilize coastal shelf habitats, inshore estuaries, and bays. The inshore habitats of Cumberland and Nassau Sounds in northeast Florida have been proposed as potential nursery grounds by earlier work, but this suggestion did not satisfy all of the standard criteria of shark nursery designation. It has recently been stated that the combination of surveys inside and outside suspected nursery habitats, especially those incorporating mark-recapture studies, would provide a very comprehensive test of the nursery criteria. A primary objective of the present study was to initially describe the composition and abundance of shark populations utilizing the nearshore habitats of northeast Florida, while also comparing them to inshore communities, with emphasis on spatial and temporal variations in assemblages. Fishery-independent longline sampling was conducted across the region and while considerable overlap of species were observed, significant differences in community structure between inshore and nearshore locations were detected. Specifically, the inshore waters of the First Coast support nursery habitat designation for Atlantic sharpnose, blacktip, and sandbar sharks after satisfying the accepted criteria. Given the high amounts of spatial and temporal overlap observed along the First Coast, relative trophic niche dynamics were also investigated via stable isotope analysis of two tissue types. These results revealed varying trophic niche sizes in the long term, but suggest some degree of shared resource use when animals are present on the First Coast. The identification of factors that influence coastal shark habitat utilization, such as competition and resource use, can contribute to understanding and predicting how they may respond to future environmental changes.
Author: C. Herb Ward Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1493934562 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 948
Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. The Gulf of Mexico is an open and dynamic marine ecosystem rich in natural resources but heavily impacted by human activities, including agricultural, industrial, commercial and coastal development. The Gulf of Mexico has been continuously exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons for millions of years from natural oil and gas seeps on the sea floor, and more recently from oil drilling and production activities located in the water near and far from shore. Major accidental oil spills in the Gulf are infrequent; two of the most significant include the Ixtoc I blowout in the Bay of Campeche in 1979 and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in 2010. Unfortunately, baseline assessments of the status of habitats and biota in the Gulf of Mexico before these spills either were not available, or the data had not been systematically compiled in a way that would help scientists assess the potential short-term and long-term effects of such events. This 2-volume series compiles and summarizes thousands of data sets showing the status of habitats and biota in the Gulf of Mexico before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Volume 2 covers historical data on commercial and recreational fisheries, with an analysis of marketing trends and drivers; ecology, populations and risks to birds, sea turtles and marine mammals in the Gulf; and diseases and mortalities of fish and other animals that inhabit the Gulf of Mexico.
Author: Charles W Bangley
Author: Charles W Bangley
Author: Michael L. Domeier
Author: Cheston Thomas Peterson
Author: W. Clay Creswell
Author: Robert A. Nesbit
Author: Frank J. Schwartz
Author: Frank J. Schwartz
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Clark Raymond Morgan
Author: C. Herb Ward