Author: Bertrand Denolle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 174

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Author: Isabelle Mocoeur
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 255

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Book Description
Optical interferometry allows to reach the resolution of a large instrument by coupling several sub-apertures of lower diameter. However, this method requires a very accurate control of the optical paths, especially the differential aberrations between the apertures (so-called cophasing operation). In this context, focal-plane sensors as phase retrieval or phase diversity techniques (based respectively on the acquisition of one or at least two images aberrated with a known phase) appears to be an advantageous solution with a very simple opto-mechanical setup. However, these estimators are iterative and consequently potentially time-consuming. In this manuscript, we propose new algorithms which are well-suited for real-time cophasing on extended objects. We demonstrate that a quadratic criterion can be derived, which allows to express the solution under a simple analytical form. We also show that the expression of this new criterion can be obtained in the case of small phase perturbations considering a linear expression of the optical transfer function. The performance we obtained on simulated data demonstrates the possibility of using the analytic algorithms in a closed-loop system at low fluxes and restoring the observed object as well. Experimental validations of both iterative and analytic estimators for various projects confirm that the focal plane approach now can be used for the cophasing of complex phased-array systems.

Author: Cédric Plantet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 213

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L'avènement des Extremely Large Telescopes (ELT) est imminent. Cette nouvelle génération de télescopes ouvrira la voie vers des observations astronomiques toujours plus fines. Les futurs instruments nécessitent des optiques adaptatives de plus en plus sophistiquées pour corriger les effets de la turbulence et atteindre les performances requises. L'analyse de front d'onde est un élément fondamental de l'optique adaptative. Les analyseurs requièrent un flux relativement élevé pour être efficaces, notamment lors de l'estimation de hauts ordres, qui sont nécessaires pour obtenir une bonne correction. Comme le ciel est pauvre en étoiles brillantes, on utilise souvent des étoiles laser, produites par excitation d'un volume de sodium dans la haute atmosphère. Malheureusement, on ne peut pas estimer correctement un tip/tilt avec ces étoiles artificielles. De plus, le focus mesuré est biaisé à cause de l'instabilité en altitude de la couche de sodium. La mesure de ces trois aberrations doit donc pouvoir être faite sur une étoile naturelle de très faible luminosité. On peut alors se demander quelle stratégie adopter pour l'analyse des bas ordres à faible flux. De manière plus générale, les techniques d'analyse de front d'onde sont en pleine évolution pour répondre aux nouveaux besoins de l'optique adaptative. Il est donc important de comparer les stratégies d'analyse en terme de sensibilité et de dynamique. La thèse s'appuie sur un nouveau concept d'analyseur de surface d'onde : LIFT (LInearized Focal-plane Technique). Cet analyseur permettra d'estimer le tip/tilt et le focus sur une étoile naturelle faible, afin de compléter l'analyse faite sur les étoiles lasers, de façon plus efficace qu'avec les moyens actuels. Le premier but de la thèse est d'optimiser et de valider LIFT expérimentalement. Pour cela, j'ai d'abord étudié les propriétés de convergence de l'algorithme et la propagation du bruit afin de déterminer les paramètres optimaux. J'ai ensuite testé le concept de LIFT en laboratoire sur des phases statiques, puis sur le ciel grâce au système d'optique adaptative du télescope Gemini Sud, GeMS. La linéarité de l'estimation malgré la présence de hauts ordres résiduels, dus à la correction imparfaite de l'optique adaptative, a été validée en boucle ouverte, et nous pouvons maintenant envisager une validation finale en intégrant LIFT dans une boucle fermée. Dans un deuxième temps, j'ai étudié la propagation du bruit dans un analyseur dérivé de LIFT, le Shack-Hartmann LIFTé. Cet analyseur divise la pupille à l'aide de micro-lentilles astigmatiques, et une estimation par LIFT est faite dans chaque sous-pupille. Il permettra une estimation de hauts ordres plus précise qu'avec un Shack-Hartmann classique. Le dernier objectif est de comparer les analyseurs existants, en termes de propagation de bruit, pour l'estimation sur étoile naturelle des bas ordres d'une part, cas d'application de LIFT, et des hauts ordres d'autre part, dans le cas d'une optique adaptative extrême par exemple. Cette étude permet de motiver l'utilisation de LIFT et du Shack-Hartmann LIFTé dans des systèmes d'optique adaptative.

Author: Austin M 1876-1956 Patterson
Publisher: Scholar Select
ISBN: 9781296567972
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Author: John Henry Lorentz
Publisher: Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 570

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Book Description
Provides an overview of specific events, movements, people, political and social groups, places, trends, and chronology. Allows for considerable exploration of a number of historical and contemporary topics and issues. The modern period, defined as 1800-present, is covered extensively.

Author: Wade H. Shafer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780306341205
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Book Description
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis· seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) *at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac· tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 20 (thesis year 1975) a total of 10,374 theses titles from 28 Canadian and 239 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. The organization of Volume 20 is identical to that of past years. It consists of theses titles arranged by discipline and by university within each discipline.

Author: Pierre Lena
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 366202554X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 338

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Book Description
For the last twenty years astronomy has been developing dramatically. Until the nineteen-fifties, telescopes, spectrometers, and photographic plates consti tuted a relatively simple set of tools which had been refined to a high degree of perfection by the joint efforts of physicists and astronomers. Indeed these tools helped at the birth of modern astrophysics: the discovery of the expan sion of the Universe. Then came radioastronomy and the advent of electronics; the last thirty years have seen the application to astrophysics of a wealth of new experimental techniques, based on the most advanced fields of physics, and a constant interchange of ideas between physicists and astronomers. Last, but not least, modern computers have sharply reduced the burden of dealing with the information painfully extracted from the skies, whether from ever scarce photons, or from the gigantic data flows provided by satellites and large telescopes. The aim of this book is not to give an extensive overview of all the tech niques currently in use in astronomy, nor to provide detailed instructions for preparing or carrying out an astronomical project. Its purpose is methodologi cal: photons are still the main carriers of information between celestial sources and the observer. How we are to collect, sample, measure, and store this infor mation is the unifying theme of the book. Rather than the diversity of tech niques appropriate for each wavelength range, we emphasize the physical and mathematical bases which are common to all wavelength regimes.

Author: P. Kartaschoff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frequencies of oscillating systems
Languages : en
Pages : 284

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Author: Malcolm D Bolton
Publisher: Universities Press
ISBN: 9788173714252
Category : Soil mechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 464

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Book Description
Covers all the soil mechanics and foundation engineering topics that are commonly included in civil engineering degree courses, and provides a number of springboards into related advanced topics. Although it is intended principally to satisfy the needs of student civil engineers, this guide should also prove useful to those practicing engineers who are unaware of the powerful and elegant reconstruction of the subject which has been made possible by the recent concepts of plasticity, dilatancy and critical states.

Author: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Transport Committee
Publisher: The Stationery Office
ISBN: 9780215038319
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 134

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Book Description
This report from the Transport Committee, examines London Underground and the Public-Private Partnership Agreements. The Government originally announced proposals for modernising the London Underground network system via Public-Private Partnership (PPP) agreements in 1998. Three contracts were drawn up with: (i) Tube Lines for the maintenance and renewal of the Jubilee, Piccadilly and Northern Lines; (ii) with Metronet Rail BVC for the maintenance and renewal of the Bakerloo, Central, Victoria & Waterloo & City Lines; (iii) with Metronet Rail SSL, responsible for the maintenance and renewal of the "sub-surface lines": the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, Metropolitan & East London Lines. These PPP Agreements, 30 years in duration, were arrangements to maintain, renew and upgrade parts of London Underground by private sector infrastructure companies (Infracos), whilst London Underground is responsible for services to customers. The PPP Agreements also set out a performance-related incentive and penalty scheme to remunerate the Infracos for the improvements they make to the network. In May 2007, Metronet admitted an overspend of £1 billion and was refused access to loan facilities by the banks. It then made a reference to the PPP Arbiter, which in turn triggered an Extraordinary Review (which occurs when extra costs are incurred above the level allowed for the bid). Metronet put in a bid for £551m but the PPP Arbiter provisionally concluded that a sum of £121m was appropriate. Metronet subsequently went into administration on 18 July 2007. The report sets out a number of conclusions and recommendations, including: contracts that were supposed to deliver 35 station upgrades, in fact delivered only 14, 40% of the requirement; stations that were supposed to cost Metronet SSL £2m, cost £7.5m, with only 65% of schedule track renewal accomplished; the Committee criticises the consequences of the imposition of PPP on Transport for London, as a "lamentable state of affairs", with the future of most of London Underground's upgrade and maintenance work in doubt; the Committee states, that the Government should remember the failure of Metronet before it considers entering similar arrangements; that the Government should publish a candid analysis of the events preceding Metronet's collapse and its consequences; the Committee believe that the PPP model was flawed and probably inferior to traditional public-sector management; that the Government needs to prioritise transparency and clarity to taxpayers and ensure that any future contracts result in clear accountability.