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Author: Sawanya Phakphian Publisher: ISBN: 9781267132642 Category : Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
The existing literature shows little understanding of the relationship between community-based planning and poverty reduction in the concept of decentralization, demonstrated in part by empirical evidence of the mechanism of decentralization at the local level. Proponents of decentralization highlight its three main positive impacts on political, administrative, and economic considerations. Examples of these positive impacts are an increase in people's participation, better allocation of resources to meet people's need due to more knowledge about local conditions, and improvement for transparency and accountability of governance - all of which are prerequisites of poverty reduction. However, opponents of decentralization believe that it creates inefficient governance and ineffective economics (Devas 2004 and Tanzi 2002). Some of these opponents go so far as to say that decentralization increases social inequality (Tanzi 1995). It is these inconsistent perspectives on the impacts of decentralization on poverty reduction that this study investigates. This study investigates the evolution of decentralization policy in Thailand and the process by which decentralization helps reduce poverty at the local level. This study uses a case study of Pan-Num, a poor Chiang Mai urban community, and conducts a comparative study of two community-based planning efforts which have different modes of participation - Canal Cleaning, a local initiative program, and Baan Man Kong, a governmental initiative program. Data were collected through 49 in-depth interviews, complied with household surveys, six months of field observations, and secondary sources of governmental and international documents. Since 1932, the year that democracy was established in Thailand, the country has undergone several radical changes in its political administrative structure. There are many factors that have affected changes in the political structure and decentralization in Thailand. Examples of these changes are rapid urbanization, political dynamics such as the 1990s demonstration, and economic changes such as the 1997 economic crisis. Decentralization is suggested as a progressive approach to solving Thailand's existing problems, such as the distressed economy, inadequate service delivery, political instability, and social inequality, all of which contribute to poverty, one of the issues of greatest concern. Scholars and practitioners have tried to understand the process of decentralization that links it with poverty reduction (von Braun and Grote 2000, Rondinelli, Nellis and Cheema 1983, UNDP 2005). Their studies have revealed that the relationship between decentralization and poverty alleviation outcomes are inconsistent. It is this uncertain finding that this study investigates. This study attempts to analyze how community-based planning efforts help reduce poverty in the concept of decentralization by pushing beyond analyzing decentralization as democratic participation. The findings reveal that the implementation of community-based planning efforts in Pan-Num was able to promote some aspects of poverty reduction. A lack of infrastructure and public services is seen to improve after implementing community-based planning efforts. However, poverty reduction is limited to some groups of residents, and most still faced the problems of poverty. This represented the gap in social equality and the limited accountability of governance and planning. In addition, the findings reveal that positive outcomes of community-based planning depend upon the level of collaborative work between the government, NGOs, the international agencies, and the community. Both modes of participation create relatively small-scale solutions and have difficulties to maintain their organizations. Several reasons are associated with the limited involvement of an array of relevant organizations. Also, positive outcomes are associated with the level of social capital. Residents who have strong tie to a community tend to work together better within community-based planning efforts. Thus, this study then suggests to building up social capital as well as promoting collaboration between the government, NGOs, the international agencies, and the community as well as more cooperative work between communities. By its nature, this study's coverage is limited, further research is required. Further research should either use larger pools of randomly sampled residents and communities in Chiang Mai or investigate the study using longitudinal approach. Only this approach would allow a researcher to draw conclusions from case studies to the population of other poor urban communities.
Author: Sawanya Phakphian Publisher: ISBN: 9781267132642 Category : Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
The existing literature shows little understanding of the relationship between community-based planning and poverty reduction in the concept of decentralization, demonstrated in part by empirical evidence of the mechanism of decentralization at the local level. Proponents of decentralization highlight its three main positive impacts on political, administrative, and economic considerations. Examples of these positive impacts are an increase in people's participation, better allocation of resources to meet people's need due to more knowledge about local conditions, and improvement for transparency and accountability of governance - all of which are prerequisites of poverty reduction. However, opponents of decentralization believe that it creates inefficient governance and ineffective economics (Devas 2004 and Tanzi 2002). Some of these opponents go so far as to say that decentralization increases social inequality (Tanzi 1995). It is these inconsistent perspectives on the impacts of decentralization on poverty reduction that this study investigates. This study investigates the evolution of decentralization policy in Thailand and the process by which decentralization helps reduce poverty at the local level. This study uses a case study of Pan-Num, a poor Chiang Mai urban community, and conducts a comparative study of two community-based planning efforts which have different modes of participation - Canal Cleaning, a local initiative program, and Baan Man Kong, a governmental initiative program. Data were collected through 49 in-depth interviews, complied with household surveys, six months of field observations, and secondary sources of governmental and international documents. Since 1932, the year that democracy was established in Thailand, the country has undergone several radical changes in its political administrative structure. There are many factors that have affected changes in the political structure and decentralization in Thailand. Examples of these changes are rapid urbanization, political dynamics such as the 1990s demonstration, and economic changes such as the 1997 economic crisis. Decentralization is suggested as a progressive approach to solving Thailand's existing problems, such as the distressed economy, inadequate service delivery, political instability, and social inequality, all of which contribute to poverty, one of the issues of greatest concern. Scholars and practitioners have tried to understand the process of decentralization that links it with poverty reduction (von Braun and Grote 2000, Rondinelli, Nellis and Cheema 1983, UNDP 2005). Their studies have revealed that the relationship between decentralization and poverty alleviation outcomes are inconsistent. It is this uncertain finding that this study investigates. This study attempts to analyze how community-based planning efforts help reduce poverty in the concept of decentralization by pushing beyond analyzing decentralization as democratic participation. The findings reveal that the implementation of community-based planning efforts in Pan-Num was able to promote some aspects of poverty reduction. A lack of infrastructure and public services is seen to improve after implementing community-based planning efforts. However, poverty reduction is limited to some groups of residents, and most still faced the problems of poverty. This represented the gap in social equality and the limited accountability of governance and planning. In addition, the findings reveal that positive outcomes of community-based planning depend upon the level of collaborative work between the government, NGOs, the international agencies, and the community. Both modes of participation create relatively small-scale solutions and have difficulties to maintain their organizations. Several reasons are associated with the limited involvement of an array of relevant organizations. Also, positive outcomes are associated with the level of social capital. Residents who have strong tie to a community tend to work together better within community-based planning efforts. Thus, this study then suggests to building up social capital as well as promoting collaboration between the government, NGOs, the international agencies, and the community as well as more cooperative work between communities. By its nature, this study's coverage is limited, further research is required. Further research should either use larger pools of randomly sampled residents and communities in Chiang Mai or investigate the study using longitudinal approach. Only this approach would allow a researcher to draw conclusions from case studies to the population of other poor urban communities.
Author: Mairi Kristina Dupar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Decentralization in government Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
An analysis of how decentralization reforms are changing local institutions for natural resource management in mainland Southeast Asia. The focus is on mountainous areas where impoverished populations struggle to preserve meagre resources, remaining biodiversity and food security.
Author: Habib, Zafarullah Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1839100877 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 592
Book Description
This authoritative Handbook provides a thorough exploration of development policy from both scholarly and practical perspectives and offers insights into the policy process dynamics and a range of specific policy issues, including corruption and network governance.
Author: United Nations Human Settlements Programme Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136554750 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 346
Book Description
The Challenge of Slums presents the first global assessment of slums, emphasizing their problems and prospects. Using a newly formulated operational definition of slums, it presents estimates of the number of urban slum dwellers and examines the factors at all level, from local to global, that underlie the formation of slums as well as their social, spatial and economic characteristics and dynamics. It goes on to evaluate the principal policy responses to the slum challenge of the last few decades. From this assessment, the immensity of the challenges that slums pose is clear. Almost 1 billion people live in slums, the majority in the developing world where over 40 per cent of the urban population are slum dwellers. The number is growing and will continue to increase unless there is serious and concerted action by municipal authorities, governments, civil society and the international community. This report points the way forward and identifies the most promising approaches to achieving the United Nations Millennium Declaration targets for improving the lives of slum dwellers by scaling up participatory slum upgrading and poverty reduction programmes. The Global Report on Human Settlements is the most authoritative and up-to-date assessment of conditions and trends in the world's cities. Written in clear language and supported by informative graphics, case studies and extensive statistical data, it will be an essential tool and reference for researchers, academics, planners, public authorities and civil society organizations around the world.
Author: Richard Thwaites Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 131544514X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
Community forestry focuses on the link between forest resources and livelihoods and contributes to forest conservation and reforestation. It is widespread in Nepal, with a very high proportion of the rural population involved, and is widely recognized as one of the most successful examples of community forestry in Asia. Through a combination of literature reviews and original research, this volume explores key experiences and outcomes of community forestry in Nepal over the last four decades as a model for improving forest management and supporting local livelihoods. The book takes a critical approach, recognizing successes, especially in forest conservation and restoration, along with mixed outcomes in terms of poverty reduction and benefits to forest users. It recognizes the way that community forestry has continued to evolve to meet new challenges, including the global challenges of climate change, environmental degradation and conservation, as well as national demographic and social changes due to large-scale labour migration and the growing remittance economy. In addition to examining the changes and responses, the book explores ways that community forestry in Nepal might move forward. Lessons from Nepal have relevance to community forestry and community-based approaches to natural resource management around the world that are also experiencing global pressures and opportunities.
Author: François Molle Publisher: Earthscan ISBN: 1849770867 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 449
Book Description
The water resources of the Mekong river catchment area, from China, through Thailand, Cambodia and Laos to Vietnam, are increasingly contested. Governments, companies and banks are driving new investment in roads, dams, diversions, irrigation schemes, navigation facilities, power plants and other emblems of conventional "development." Their plans and interventions pose multiple burdens and risks to the livelihoods of millions of people dependent on wetlands, floodplains, fisheries and aquatic resources.