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Author: Brett Williams Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN: 0812200780 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
Credit and debt appear to be natural, permanent facets of Americans' lives, but a debt-based economy and debt-financed lifestyles are actually recent inventions. In 1951 Diners Club issued a plastic card that enabled patrons to pay for their meals at select New York City restaurants at the end of each month. Soon other "charge cards" (as they were then known) offered the convenience for travelers throughout the United States to pay for hotels, food, and entertainment on credit. In the 1970s the advent of computers and the deregulation of banking created an explosion in credit card use—and consumer debt. With gigantic national banks and computer systems that allowed variable interest rates, consumer screening, mass mailings, and methods to discipline slow payers with penalties and fees, middle-class Americans experienced a sea change in their lives. Given the enormous profits from issuing credit, banks and chain stores used aggressive marketing to reach Americans experiencing such crises as divorce or unemployment, to help them make ends meet or to persuade them that they could live beyond their means. After banks exhausted the profits from this group of people, they moved into the market for college credit cards and student loans and then into predatory lending (through check-cashing stores and pawnshops) to the poor. In 2003, Americans owed nearly $8 trillion in consumer debt, amounting to 130 percent of their average disposable income. The role of credit and debt in people's lives is one of the most important social and economic issues of our age. Brett Williams provides a sobering and frank investigation of the credit industry and how it came to dominate the lives of most Americans by propelling the social changes that are enacted when an economy is based on debt. Williams argues that credit and debt act to obscure, reproduce, and exacerbate other inequalities. It is in the best interest of the banks, corporations, and their shareholders to keep consumer debt at high levels. By targeting low-income and young people who would not be eligible for credit in other businesses, these companies are able quickly to gain a stranglehold on the finances of millions. Throughout, Williams provides firsthand accounts of how Americans from all socioeconomic levels use credit. These vignettes complement the history and technical issues of the credit industry, including strategies people use to manage debt, how credit functions in their lives, how they understand their own indebtedness, and the sometimes tragic impact of massive debt on people's lives.
Author: Brett Williams Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN: 0812200780 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
Credit and debt appear to be natural, permanent facets of Americans' lives, but a debt-based economy and debt-financed lifestyles are actually recent inventions. In 1951 Diners Club issued a plastic card that enabled patrons to pay for their meals at select New York City restaurants at the end of each month. Soon other "charge cards" (as they were then known) offered the convenience for travelers throughout the United States to pay for hotels, food, and entertainment on credit. In the 1970s the advent of computers and the deregulation of banking created an explosion in credit card use—and consumer debt. With gigantic national banks and computer systems that allowed variable interest rates, consumer screening, mass mailings, and methods to discipline slow payers with penalties and fees, middle-class Americans experienced a sea change in their lives. Given the enormous profits from issuing credit, banks and chain stores used aggressive marketing to reach Americans experiencing such crises as divorce or unemployment, to help them make ends meet or to persuade them that they could live beyond their means. After banks exhausted the profits from this group of people, they moved into the market for college credit cards and student loans and then into predatory lending (through check-cashing stores and pawnshops) to the poor. In 2003, Americans owed nearly $8 trillion in consumer debt, amounting to 130 percent of their average disposable income. The role of credit and debt in people's lives is one of the most important social and economic issues of our age. Brett Williams provides a sobering and frank investigation of the credit industry and how it came to dominate the lives of most Americans by propelling the social changes that are enacted when an economy is based on debt. Williams argues that credit and debt act to obscure, reproduce, and exacerbate other inequalities. It is in the best interest of the banks, corporations, and their shareholders to keep consumer debt at high levels. By targeting low-income and young people who would not be eligible for credit in other businesses, these companies are able quickly to gain a stranglehold on the finances of millions. Throughout, Williams provides firsthand accounts of how Americans from all socioeconomic levels use credit. These vignettes complement the history and technical issues of the credit industry, including strategies people use to manage debt, how credit functions in their lives, how they understand their own indebtedness, and the sometimes tragic impact of massive debt on people's lives.
Author: Federal Trade Commission Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781507524565 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
In a 2009 study of the debt collection industry, the Commission concluded that the “most significant change in the debt collection business in recent years has been the advent and growth of debt buying.” “Debt buying” refers to the sale of debt by creditors or other debt owners to buyers that then attempt to collect the debt or sell it to other buyers. Debt buying can reduce the losses that creditors incur in providing credit, thereby allowing creditors to provide more credit at lower prices. Debt buying, however, also may raise significant consumer protection concerns.The FTC receives more consumer complaints about debt collectors, including debt buyers, than about any other single industry. Many of these complaints appear to have their origins in the quantity and quality of information that collectors have about debts. In its 2009 study, the Commission expressed concern that debt collectors, including debt buyers, may have insufficient or inaccurate information when they collect on debts, which may result in collectors seeking to recover from the wrong consumer or recover the wrong amount.The FTC initiated this debt buyer study in late 2009 for two main purposes. First, the FTC sought to obtain a better understanding of the debt buying market and the process of buying and selling debt. Second, the Commission wanted to explore the nature and extent of the relationship, if any, between the practice of debt buying and the types of information problems that the FTC has found can occur when debt collectors seek to recover and verify debts.Many stakeholders recognize the concerns that have been raised about debt buying, including consumer groups, members of Congress, federal and state regulatory and enforcement agencies, and the debt buyer industry itself. Indeed, the debt buyer industry has launched a self-regulatory effort to address some of these concerns, and the FTC is encouraged by that effort. This study of debt buyers is the first large-scale empirical assessment of the debt buying sector of the collection industry. The FTC hopes that its findings contribute to a greater understanding of debt buying, enhance ongoing reform efforts, and prompt further study of the industry. To conduct its study, the Commission obtained information about debts and debt buying practices from nine of the largest debt buyers that collectively bought 76.1% of the debt sold in 2008, with six of these debt buyers providing the information the Commission used in most of its analysis. The FTC also considered its prior enforcement and policy work related to debt collection, as well as available research concerning debt buying. The study focused on large debt buyers because they account for most of the debt purchased; it did not address the practices of smaller debt buyers that are a frequent source of consumer protection concerns, a limitation that must be considered in evaluating the study's findings. The Commission acquired and analyzed an unprecedented amount of data from the studied debt buyers, which submitted data on more than 5,000 portfolios, containing nearly 90 million consumer accounts, purchased during the three-year study period. These accounts had a face value of $143 billion, and the debt buyers spent nearly $6.5 billion to acquire them. Most portfolios for which debt buyers submitted data were credit card debt, with such debt accounting for 62% of all portfolios and 71% of the total amount that the buyers spent to acquire debts. In addition to these data, the debt buyers provided copies of many purchase and sale agreements between themselves and sellers of debts. The debt buyers also submitted narrative responses to questions concerning their companies and their practices, as well as the debt buying industry. The key findings of the study are as follows:
Author: Paul B. Davis Publisher: Nova Science Publishers ISBN: 9781626183940 Category : Collecting of accounts Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In a 2009 study of the debt collection industry, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) concluded that the most significant change in the debt collection business in recent years has been the advent and growth of debt buying. Debt buying refers to the sale of debt by creditors or other debt owners to buyers that then attempt to collect the debt or sell it to other buyers. Debt buying can reduce the losses that creditors incur in providing credit, thereby allowing creditors to provide more credit at lower prices. Debt buying, however, also many raise significant consumer protection concerns. The FTC receives more consumer complaints about debt collectors, including debt buyers, than about any other single industry. Many of these complaints appear to have their origins in the quantity and quality of information that collectors have about debts. This book provides an overview of the debt buying market and the process of buying and selling debt; and the nature and extent of the relationship between the practice of debt buying and the types of information that the FTC has found can occur when debt collectors seek to recover and verify debts.
Author: Jake Halpern Publisher: Macmillan + ORM ISBN: 0374711240 Category : True Crime Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
The Federal Trade Commission receives more complaints about rogue debt collecting than about any activity besides identity theft. Dramatically and entertainingly, Bad Paper reveals why. It tells the story of Aaron Siegel, a former banking executive, and Brandon Wilson, a former armed robber, who become partners and go in quest of "paper"—the uncollected debts that are sold off by banks for pennies on the dollar. As Aaron and Brandon learn, the world of consumer debt collection is an unregulated shadowland where operators often make unwarranted threats and even collect debts that are not theirs. Introducing an unforgettable cast of strivers and rogues, Jake Halpern chronicles their lives as they manage high-pressure call centers, hunt for paper in Las Vegas casinos, and meet in parked cars to sell the social security numbers and account information of unsuspecting consumers. He also tracks a "package" of debt that is stolen by unscrupulous collectors, leading to a dramatic showdown with guns in a Buffalo corner store. Along the way, he reveals the human cost of a system that compounds the troubles of hardworking Americans and permits banks to ignore their former customers. The result is a vital exposé that is also a bravura feat of storytelling.
Author: Brett Williams Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN: 9780812238174 Category : Consumer credit Languages : en Pages : 170
Book Description
After September 11, 2001 ordinary Americans were urged to shop. Patriotic shopping would thwart terrorists, celebrate public life, and pull us back from the abyss of recession. We needed to be good citizen-consumers, but we knew that we could not really save America by shopping. Too many of us carried too much debt.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Administrative Law and Governmental Relations Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 84
Author: United States Publisher: ISBN: Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 1506
Book Description
"The United States Code is the official codification of the general and permanent laws of the United States of America. The Code was first published in 1926, and a new edition of the code has been published every six years since 1934. The 2012 edition of the Code incorporates laws enacted through the One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, the last of which was signed by the President on January 15, 2013. It does not include laws of the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, enacted between January 2, 2013, the date it convened, and January 15, 2013. By statutory authority this edition may be cited "U.S.C. 2012 ed." As adopted in 1926, the Code established prima facie the general and permanent laws of the United States. The underlying statutes reprinted in the Code remained in effect and controlled over the Code in case of any discrepancy. In 1947, Congress began enacting individual titles of the Code into positive law. When a title is enacted into positive law, the underlying statutes are repealed and the title then becomes legal evidence of the law. Currently, 26 of the 51 titles in the Code have been so enacted. These are identified in the table of titles near the beginning of each volume. The Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives continues to prepare legislation pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 285b to enact the remainder of the Code, on a title-by-title basis, into positive law. The 2012 edition of the Code was prepared and published under the supervision of Ralph V. Seep, Law Revision Counsel. Grateful acknowledgment is made of the contributions by all who helped in this work, particularly the staffs of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel and the Government Printing Office"--Preface.
Author: GERARD ASSEY Publisher: Gerard Assey ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
“Credit Management is the heart of an organizations very survival”. Many studies carried out on the growing sickness in industries and businesses reveal that BAD DEBT is the ONE major cause for bankruptcy. In a successful and vibrant economy, selling on credit has a number of advantages, especially when it generates a larger volume of business as well as widens one's market share. In fact, selling on credit often 'Makes' or 'Breaks' a sale and at most times gives one that edge over competition. Yet, one cannot afford to take this area of credit control so lightly, as too many companies everyday are mounting with debts that are increasingly doubtful of recovery. The most precarious risk therefore to a company’s profit on the sale is by way of interest expense from delayed collection. In essence, that is what credit management is all about and its objective can be said “to have the highest possible debtors (sales) for the shortest possible time (collection/profit)”. Before the customer buys your goods both are interested - he in need of your goods and you in collecting the value of goods sold ie; the money; but once he gets the goods on credit, he is no more interested in fulfilling his obligation of paying. It's only you (for your money!). A company can have the finest product, a superb sales record and the most dedicated workforce, but if it does not get paid for its goods sold (.... and on time!) it will die. An unpaid debt is an unsecured loan being financed by your company (we can’t even call it a loan, because on a loan one earns interest. We’ll probably have to change the activity to ‘charities’!) It means that many companies are prevented from achieving their full potential, because instead of using borrowed money to develop and grow their business, they now have to borrow money just to fund their own sales ledgers (in other words their customers). When you no longer control your debtors, the cost of financing your company's cash flow is at the mercy of those very same debtors. If a business wishes to survive and prosper in today’s economic environment it must pay close attention to all the factors which affect and takes care of its cash flow. Managing Credit and Collecting Money, on time, every time, therefore are the 2 most important and vital factors which decide the fate of any business! This book: ‘Professional Debt Collection Skills’ would essentially help you do just that by covering the necessities in credit and cash flow management right from how bad debt occurs with methods to prevent the same, through the steps of an effective collection call (both on phone and face to face) with emphasis on the importance of documentation, reports, procedures for systematic follow-up; including series of email letters and general tips for chasing your money too, by encouraging proactive methods! From all of these objectives, you will notice that the primary objective of your collection effort is to bring the account current and, at the same time, to keep the account as a customer. Harassment by mail, in person or on telephone is generally not advisable and successful in collecting money or in retaining the account. But, by applying the proven techniques and preventive measures covered in this book, you can look forward to greater success in reducing your outstanding payments while yet retaining your customer, together with the added benefit of staying professional while also enjoying a pleasant, personal and rewarding experience. At the end, you would have learnt to manage credit, using planned preventive measures (the most vital part!), would have learnt to develop a complete systematic collection program, gained confidence in collecting money and have acquired several new ideas for immediate use, including taking back an Action Plan which can be put to immediate practice.
Author: Mark Clatworthy Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1000344606 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 150
Book Description
Accounting and Debt Markets: Four Pieces on the Role of Accounting Information in Debt Markets provides novel and up-to-date evidence on the role of accounting information in debt markets Companies and organisations worldwide rely heavily on debt markets for short, medium and long-term financing, and debt markets and financial intermediaries have significant effects on the real economy. Accounting information has various functions in debt markets, including inter alia, informing pricing decisions and credit ratings, determining the allocation of creditor control rights and establishing bank capital adequacy requirements. The chapters in this book provide illustrative discussion, analysis and evidence on the importance of accounting information in credit markets. The first of the four pieces reflects on how a conservative financial reporting system helps firms obtain debt funds and with better conditions, and why this is the case. The second examines the effects of accounting disclosure on credit ratings of private companies and shows that accounting information is useful for credit rating agencies. The two final pieces reflect on how banks should account for credit losses, and on how regulators are tackling this issue. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Accounting and Business Research.
Author: Brett Williams
Author: Brett Williams
Author: Federal Trade Commission
Author: Paul B. Davis
Author: Jake Halpern
Author: Brett Williams
Author: 
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Administrative Law and Governmental Relations
Author: United States
Author: GERARD ASSEY
Author: Mark Clatworthy