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Author: Ningyuan Lillian Guo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Ultralight dark matter (ULDM) is an interesting alternative to the standard cold dark matter scenario that admits new physics on kiloparsec scales. In this scenario, dark matter particles have a mass m ~ O(1022 eV), and their dynamics is governed in the non-relativistic weak- eld limit by the Schr odinger-Poisson equation. Coherent "solitons" are predicted to form at the centre of dark matter halos. This thesis presents eigenvalue solutions to the Schr odinger-Poisson equation for purely self-gravitating ULDM, as well as ground state solutions (solitons) for the Schr odinger-Poisson equation with added external central potential, and with attractive ULDM self-interaction. Relationship between soliton density and black hole mass as well as soliton mass is explored. A new pseudospectral solver is then presented for the Schr odinger-Poisson equation under spherical symmetry. It is used to model a central black hole absorbing mass from the soliton by adding a localised imaginary potential, which can be tuned to the absorption model. This allows the rst qualitative dynamical simulations of solitons governed by the Schr odinger- Poisson equation loosing mass to a black hole. Due to a lack of a well-established theory for black hole absorption of ULDM, an empirical model is investigated, showing that it can lead to a range of dynamical behaviours. ULDM central density can change substantially as the black hole mass evolves, and the overall soliton lifetime may be a function of the dynamically changing pro le. A moderate absorption rate is found to be most e cient in removing mass from the soliton. With astrophysically relevant parameters, this code can serve as a valuable tool to understanding whether galactic-centre solitons are expected to have an observable contribution to the mass around supermassive black holes. The code can also be used to model dynamics of axion stars forming from heavier ULDM particles, and mass loss of solitons through e.g. axion-radiation conversion.
Author: Ignacio Ferreras Publisher: UCL Press ISBN: 1911307614 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
Galaxies, along with their underlying dark matter halos, constitute the building blocks of structure in the Universe. Of all fundamental forces, gravity is the dominant one that drives the evolution of structures from small density seeds at early times to the galaxies we see today. The interactions among myriads of stars, or dark matter particles, in a gravitating structure produce a system with fascinating connotations to thermodynamics, with some analogies and some fundamental differences. Ignacio Ferreras presents a concise introduction to extragalactic astrophysics, with emphasis on stellar dynamics, and the growth of density fluctuations in an expanding Universe. Additional chapters are devoted to smaller systems (stellar clusters) and larger ones (galaxy clusters). Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution is written for advanced undergraduates and beginning postgraduate students, providing a useful tool to get up to speed in a starting research career. Some of the derivations for the most important results are presented in detail to enable students appreciate the beauty of maths as a tool to understand the workings of galaxies. Each chapter includes a set of problems to help the student advance with the material.
Author: Ningyuan Lillian Guo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Ultralight dark matter (ULDM) is an interesting alternative to the standard cold dark matter scenario that admits new physics on kiloparsec scales. In this scenario, dark matter particles have a mass m ~ O(1022 eV), and their dynamics is governed in the non-relativistic weak- eld limit by the Schr odinger-Poisson equation. Coherent "solitons" are predicted to form at the centre of dark matter halos. This thesis presents eigenvalue solutions to the Schr odinger-Poisson equation for purely self-gravitating ULDM, as well as ground state solutions (solitons) for the Schr odinger-Poisson equation with added external central potential, and with attractive ULDM self-interaction. Relationship between soliton density and black hole mass as well as soliton mass is explored. A new pseudospectral solver is then presented for the Schr odinger-Poisson equation under spherical symmetry. It is used to model a central black hole absorbing mass from the soliton by adding a localised imaginary potential, which can be tuned to the absorption model. This allows the rst qualitative dynamical simulations of solitons governed by the Schr odinger- Poisson equation loosing mass to a black hole. Due to a lack of a well-established theory for black hole absorption of ULDM, an empirical model is investigated, showing that it can lead to a range of dynamical behaviours. ULDM central density can change substantially as the black hole mass evolves, and the overall soliton lifetime may be a function of the dynamically changing pro le. A moderate absorption rate is found to be most e cient in removing mass from the soliton. With astrophysically relevant parameters, this code can serve as a valuable tool to understanding whether galactic-centre solitons are expected to have an observable contribution to the mass around supermassive black holes. The code can also be used to model dynamics of axion stars forming from heavier ULDM particles, and mass loss of solitons through e.g. axion-radiation conversion.
Author: James Binney Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 1400828724 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 902
Book Description
Since it was first published in 1987, Galactic Dynamics has become the most widely used advanced textbook on the structure and dynamics of galaxies and one of the most cited references in astrophysics. Now, in this extensively revised and updated edition, James Binney and Scott Tremaine describe the dramatic recent advances in this subject, making Galactic Dynamics the most authoritative introduction to galactic astrophysics available to advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers. Every part of the book has been thoroughly overhauled, and many sections have been completely rewritten. Many new topics are covered, including N-body simulation methods, black holes in stellar systems, linear stability and response theory, and galaxy formation in the cosmological context. Binney and Tremaine, two of the world's leading astrophysicists, use the tools of theoretical physics to describe how galaxies and other stellar systems work, succinctly and lucidly explaining theoretical principles and their applications to observational phenomena. They provide readers with an understanding of stellar dynamics at the level needed to reach the frontiers of the subject. This new edition of the classic text is the definitive introduction to the field. ? A complete revision and update of one of the most cited references in astrophysics Provides a comprehensive description of the dynamical structure and evolution of galaxies and other stellar systems Serves as both a graduate textbook and a resource for researchers Includes 20 color illustrations, 205 figures, and more than 200 problems Covers the gravitational N-body problem, hierarchical galaxy formation, galaxy mergers, dark matter, spiral structure, numerical simulations, orbits and chaos, equilibrium and stability of stellar systems, evolution of binary stars and star clusters, and much more Companion volume to Galactic Astronomy, the definitive book on the phenomenology of galaxies and star clusters
Author: J.M Overduin Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420034510 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 216
Book Description
Olbers' paradox states that given the Universe is unbounded, governed by the standard laws of physics, and populated by light sources, the night sky should be ablaze with light. Obviously this is not so. However, the paradox does not lie in nature but in our understanding of physics. A Universe with a finite age, such as follows from big-bang theor
Author: Stefano Profumo Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company ISBN: 1786340038 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 287
Book Description
What is the dark matter that fills the Universe and binds together galaxies? How was it produced? What are its interactions and particle properties?The paradigm of dark matter is one of the key developments at the interface of cosmology and elementary particle physics. It is also one of the foundations of the standard cosmological model. This book presents the state of the art in building and testing particle models for dark matter. Each chapter gives an analysis of questions, research directions, and methods within the field. More than 200 problems are included to challenge and stimulate the reader's knowledge and provide guidance in the practical implementation of the numerous 'tools of the trade' presented. Appendices summarize the basics of cosmology and particle physics needed for any quantitative understanding of particle models for dark matter.This interdisciplinary textbook is essential reading for anyone interested in the microscopic nature of dark matter as it manifests itself in particle physics experiments, cosmological observations, and high-energy astrophysical phenomena: from graduate students and advanced undergraduates to cosmologists and astrophysicists interested in particle models for dark matter and particle physicists interested in early-universe cosmology and high-energy astrophysics.
Author: Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814293784 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 603
Book Description
Dark matter and dark energy are one of the central mysteries in modern physics, although modern astrophysical and cosmological observations and particle physics experiments can and will provide vital clues in uncovering its true nature. The DARK 2009 Conference brought together World?s leading researchers in both astrophysics and particle physics, providing an opportunity and platform to present their latest results to the community. The topics covered are wide-ranging, from terrestrial underground experiments to space experimental efforts to search for dark matter, and on the theoretical aspects, from the generating of a fifth family as origin of dark matter, extra dimensions and dark matter to non-standard Wigner classes and dark matter. One of the new highlights was certainly a possible connection between a neutrino mass as observed by nuclear double beta decay and the dark energy. Highly important and relevant in its field, the book presents a vital snapshot of the sometimes seemingly disparate areas of dark matter research and offers an exciting overview of current ideas and future directions.
Author: Gianfranco Bertone Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139484982 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 763
Book Description
Dark matter is among the most important open problems in modern physics. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, this book describes the theoretical and experimental aspects of the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. Featuring contributions from 48 leading theorists and experimentalists, it presents many aspects, from astrophysical observations to particle physics candidates, and from the prospects for detection at colliders to direct and indirect searches. The book introduces observational evidence for dark matter along with a detailed discussion of the state-of-the-art of numerical simulations and alternative explanations in terms of modified gravity. It then moves on to the candidates arising from theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, and to the prospects for detection at accelerators. It concludes by looking at direct and indirect dark matter searches, and the prospects for detecting the particle nature of dark matter with astrophysical experiments.
Author: Giuseppe Bertin Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1316519317 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 195
Book Description
This concise introduction to modern astrophysics focuses on galaxy dynamics and the discovery of dark matter halos in galaxies. Aimed at advanced undergraduates in physics, it provides an excellent bridge to important research topics in contemporary astrophysics.
Author: Marc S. Seigar Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers ISBN: 1681741180 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 71
Book Description
The study of dark matter, in both astrophysics and particle physics, has emerged as one of the most active and exciting topics of research in recent years. This book reviews the history behind the discovery of missing mass (or unseen mass) in the Universe, and ties this into the proposed extensions to the Standard Model of Particle Physics (such as Supersymmetry), which were being proposed within the same time frame. This book is written as an introduction to these problems at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics, with the goal of conveying the physics of dark matter to beginning undergraduate majors in scientific fields. The book goes onto describe existing and upcoming experiments and techniques, which will be used to detect dark matter either directly on indirectly.
Author: M. Srednicki Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444596097 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 382
Book Description
At least eighty percent of the mass of the universe consists of some material which, unlike ordinary matter, neither emits nor absorbs light. This book collects key papers related to the discovery of this astonishing fact and its profound implications for astrophysics, cosmology, and the physics of elementary particles. The book focuses on the likely possibility that the dark matter is composed of an as yet undiscovered elementary particle, and examines the boundaries of our present knowledge of the properties such a particle must possess.
Author: Ningyuan Lillian Guo
Author: Ignacio Ferreras
Author: Ningyuan Lillian Guo
Author: James Binney
Author: J.M Overduin
Author: Stefano Profumo
Author: Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus
Author: Gianfranco Bertone
Author: Giuseppe Bertin
Author: Marc S. Seigar
Author: M. Srednicki