Metabolism and Epigenetic Regulation: Implications in Cancer PDF Download

Author: Tapas Kumar Kundu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031076346
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 622

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Book Description
Metabolic programs of individuals are key determinants for disease susceptibility and immune response. This book, edited by experts in the field, summarizes epigenetic signaling pathways that regulate metabolic programs associated with cancer and cancer-related secondary diseases. The first part of the book highlights key metabolic pathways that are implicated in cancer and provides a comprehensive overview on the carbohydrate, protein, lipid, amino- and nucleic acid metabolic pathways that are deregulated in cancer. Special attention is paid to the altered tumor micro-environment that is influenced by the metabolic milieu. Furthermore, the fundamental relationship between the cellular metabolic environment and cell death-mediated autophagy is discussed. The second part of the book covers our understanding of the fundamental epigenetic regulations that are implicated in controlling the metabolic programs in cancer cells. Many aspects of epigenetic regulation of non-coding RNAs as well as DNA/RNA methylation, which influencing metabolic homeostasis in cancer, are discussed in detail. Special emphasis is placed on the epigenetic regulation of the amino acid, glucose/carbohydrate metabolism and epigenetic regulation during hypoxia and its connection to cancer. Last but not least, the third part of the book covers small molecule modulators of histone modifying enzymes, which can be used as therapeutic tools. The readers learn about the cross-talk between epigenetics and immunometabolims, as well as the epigenetic regulation of oncometabolites to combat cancer. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership interested in epigenetic, cancer and metabolic research.

Author: Yiming Qin (Ph.D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
A key challenge in biology is to understand how organisms adjust their cellular machinery in response to environmental cues, and how that affects metabolic operation and leads to different physiological and pathological manifestations. One way this may occur is through reversible lysine acetylation, which has been recognized as a key regulatory mechanism for protein function across diverse cellular processes. Lysine acetylation is catalyzed by lysine acetyltransferases or non-enzymatically, whereas lysine deacetylation is carried out by lysine deacetylases. The regulation of both acetylation and deacetylation are intimately intertwined with metabolism that allows cells to sense the internal and external environment and modulate their activities accordingly. Thus, the understanding of lysine acetylation provides critical insights into the cellular adaptation under the etiological process and opens doors to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this dissertation, I present two independent studies, one involving the deacetylase SIRT3 and one involving the acetyltransferase P300, to examine the metabolic conditions that modulate cellular acetylation and functional consequences of altered acetylation. Chapter 1 introduces protein acetylation, describes the chemistry of (de)acetylation reactions, and provides a detailed discussion about two regulatory enzymes, SIRT3 and P300, in terms of their regulation and function. Chapter 2 together with Chapter 3 discuss a series of discoveries about the role of SIRT3 in calorie-restricted (CR)-mediated longevity, mitochondrial health, and aerobic fitness. Chapter 2 covers the quantitative evaluation of mitochondrial acetylome and functional assessment of mitochondrial and whole-body oxidative capacity in response to the loss of SIRT3, calorie restriction, and aging. Chapter 3 further describes the metabolic consequences associated with loss of SIRT3, including an unexpected lifespan extension in SIRT3 knockout (Sirt3-/-) CR mice compared to their wild type (WT) CR counterparts, and proposes a working model that connects longevity with prolonged fasting state of Sirt3-/- CR mice. Chapter 4 switches gears to discuss P300 autoacetylation and offers a rapid, high yield, low-cost purification protocol for the hypoacetylated P300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain for the ongoing project that investigates the kinetics of short-chain fatty acid induced P300 activation. Lastly, Chapter 5 concludes this dissertation, and provides future directions and preliminary results for both SIRT3 and P300-related acetylation regulation and metabolic significance.

Author: Renato Paro
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030686701
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 215

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Book Description
This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease

Author: Paban K. Agrawala
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323856535
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 478

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Book Description
Epigenetics and Metabolomics, a new volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, offers a synthesized discussion of epigenetic control of metabolic activity, and systems-based approaches for better understanding these mechanisms. Over a dozen chapter authors provide an overview of epigenetics in translational medicine and metabolomics techniques, followed by analyses of epigenetic and metabolomic linkage mechanisms likely to result in effective identification of disease biomarkers, as well as new therapies targeting the removal of the inappropriate epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic interventions in cancer, brain damage, and neuroendocrine disease, among other disorders, are discussed in-depth, with an emphasis on exploring next steps for clinical translation and personalized healthcare. Offers a synthesized discussion of epigenetic regulation of metabolic activity and systems-based approaches to power new research Discusses epigenetic control of metabolic pathways and possible therapeutic targets for cancer, neurodegenerative, and neuroendocrine diseases, among others Provides guidance in epigenomics and metabolomic research methodology

Author: Tapas K. Kundu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402054661
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 456

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Book Description
This book includes a collection of articles with the broad theme of disease connection to chromatin structure and function. It elaborates on the molecular pharmacology of the drugs targeting chromatin structure and its components. The book contains up-to-date information about the chromatin structure and chromatin related diseases and drug functions. This work is the first endeavor to present different aspects encompassing the above theme.

Author: Anita Göndör
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128034025
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 498

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Book Description
Chromatin Regulation and Dynamics integrates knowledge on the dynamic regulation of primary chromatin fiber with the 3D nuclear architecture, then connects related processes to circadian regulation of cellular metabolic states, representing a paradigm of adaptation to environmental changes. The final chapters discuss the many ways chromatin dynamics can synergize to fundamentally contribute to the development of complex diseases. Chromatin dynamics, which is strategically positioned at the gene-environment interface, is at the core of disease development. As such, Chromatin Regulation and Dynamics, part of the Translational Epigenetics series, facilitates the flow of information between research areas such as chromatin regulation, developmental biology, and epidemiology by focusing on recent findings of the fast-moving field of chromatin regulation. Presents and discusses novel principles of chromatin regulation and dynamics with a cross-disciplinary perspective Promotes crosstalk between basic sciences and their applications in medicine Provides a framework for future studies on complex diseases by integrating various aspects of chromatin biology with cellular metabolic states, with an emphasis on the dynamic nature of chromatin and stochastic principles Integrates knowledge on the dynamic regulation of primary chromatin fiber with 3D nuclear architecture, then connects related processes to circadian regulation of cellular metabolic states, representing a paradigm of adaptation to environmental changes

Author: Raúl Alvarez-Venegas
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319079719
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 158

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Book Description
Over the past decades, chromatin remodelling has emerged as an important regulator of gene expression and plant defense. This book provides a detailed understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in plants of agronomic importance. The information presented here is significant because it is expected to provide the knowledge needed to develop in the future treatments to manipulate and selectively activate/inhibit proteins and metabolic pathways to counter pathogens, to treat important diseases and to increase crop productivity. New approaches of this kind and the development of new technologies will certainly increase our knowledge of currently known post-translational modifications and facilitate the understanding of their roles in, for example, host-pathogen interactions and crop productivity. Furthermore, we provide important insight on how the plant epigenome changes in response to developmental or environmental stimuli, how chromatin modifications are established and maintained, to which degree they are used throughout the genome, and how chromatin modifications influence each another.

Author: Vinood B. Patel
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319555294
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This multivolume reference work addresses the fact that the well being of humankind is predicated not only on individuals receiving adequate nutrition but also on their genetic makeup. The work includes more than 100 chapters organized in the following major sections: Introduction and Overview; Epigenetics of Organs and Diseases in Relation to Diet and Nutrition; Detailed Processes in Epigenetics of Diet and Nutrition; Modulating Epigenetics with Diet and Nutrition; and Practical Techniques. While it is well known that genes may encode proteins responsible for structural and dynamic components, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that nutrition itself may alter the way in which genes are expressed via the process of epigenetics. This is where chemically imposed alteration in the DNA sequence occurs or where the functional expression of DNA is modulated. This may include changes in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, chromatin, histone acetylation or methylation, and genomic imprinting. Knowledge regarding the number of dietary components that impact on epigenetic processes is increasing almost daily. Marshalling all the information on the complex relationships between diet, nutrition, and epigenetic processes is somewhat difficult due to the wide myriad of material. It is for this reason that the present work has been compiled.

Author: Walter Doerfler
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319550217
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 281

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Book Description
The present volume of Epigenetics and Human Health is devoted to the patho-epigenetics of viral and microbial infections, an exiting new field of disease-related epigenetic research. As recognized during the past years, epigenetic reprogramming of pathogen and host genome functions – the latter frequently induced by pathogens – plays an important role in many infectious processes. Beyond their immediate relevance for pathogen proliferation and obligatorily associated symptoms, such alterations frequently contribute to severe additional complications, such as the development of immunodeficiency, cancer and various chronic disorders. This holds in particular for epigenetic dysregulation of host gene expression induced by latent infections. The present book summarizes current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic changes caused by viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoan infections and their impact on human health.

Author: C. David Allis
Publisher: CSHL Press
ISBN: 0879697245
Category : Epigenesis, Genetic
Languages : en
Pages : 503

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Book Description
The regulation of gene expression in many biological processes involves epigenetic mechanisms. In this new volume, 24 chapters written by experts in the field discuss epigenetic effects from many perspectives. There are chapters on the basic molecular mechanisms underpinning epigenetic regulation, discussion of cellular processes that rely on this kind of regulation, and surveys of organisms in which it has been most studied. Thus, there are chapters on histone and DNA methylation, siRNAs and gene silencing; X-chromosome inactivation, dosage compensation and imprinting; and discussion of epigenetics in microbes, plants, insects, and mammals. The last part of the book looks at how epigenetic mechanisms act in cell division and differentiation, and how errors in these pathways contribute to cancer and other human diseases. Also discussed are consequences of epigenetics in attempts to clone animals. This book is a major resource for those working in the field, as well as being a suitable text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on gene regulation.