Author: Jeffrey Marcus
Publisher: Thieme
ISBN: 1626239355
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 414
Book Description
Essentials of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma is destined to become a favorite with all students of plastic surgery, otolaryngology, and maxillofacial surgery, whether residents in training or experienced practitioners. Small enough to fit in a lab coat pocket but comprehensive enough to cover the essential topics in facial trauma, this exceptional manual is just the resource you need. It will prove invaluable as a quick reference on the "front lines" in the emergency room as well as for use in daily practice, when studying for board exams, or simply as a refresher when confronting a difficult clinical problem. This book evolved from the outstanding craniomaxillofacial trauma programs at Duke University and Johns Hopkins University/Maryland Shock Trauma Unit and is built on the principles and treatment protocols employed at these institutions. Contributors are senior surgeons who are paired with current residents or fellows from these programs. They share their practical, hands-on experience. Packed with Critical Information This practical manual provides essential information in a convenient, fully illustrated, and easily accessible outline format. It focuses on the most common problems in facial trauma and then provides the critical information needed for immediate bedside care. Divided into 21 chapters, this handbook is organized into two main sections. Part I focuses on basic principles for managing facial trauma, whereas Part II concerns regional management and contains chapters on injuries to specific anatomic regions. Each chapter within this second section follows a consistent format that includes anatomy, fracture patterns, surgical indications, operative sequence, postoperative care, complications, and recommended follow-up. Tips are highlighted throughout, and a bulleted list of pearls concludes each chapter. References at the end of each chapter direct the reader to additional resource material. Easily Accessible Format This handbook's design and format make it readily accessible, highly readable, and ideal for quickly locating important information. Bulleted lists, tables, and boxes as well as tips and pearls illuminate key points featured throughout. Despite its size, this book is liberally illustrated with medical art, photographs, and radiographs that depict classic problems, anatomy, and operative steps to help readers identify the problems discussed and understand the nuances of management. The two-color design increases the text's readability and highlights essential information. If you are treating facial trauma, this is a book that you cannot afford to be without. Slip it into your lab coat pocket and you'll find a wealth of information at your fingertips!
Essentials of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma
Author: Jeffrey Marcus
Publisher: Thieme
ISBN: 1626239355
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 414
Book Description
Essentials of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma is destined to become a favorite with all students of plastic surgery, otolaryngology, and maxillofacial surgery, whether residents in training or experienced practitioners. Small enough to fit in a lab coat pocket but comprehensive enough to cover the essential topics in facial trauma, this exceptional manual is just the resource you need. It will prove invaluable as a quick reference on the "front lines" in the emergency room as well as for use in daily practice, when studying for board exams, or simply as a refresher when confronting a difficult clinical problem. This book evolved from the outstanding craniomaxillofacial trauma programs at Duke University and Johns Hopkins University/Maryland Shock Trauma Unit and is built on the principles and treatment protocols employed at these institutions. Contributors are senior surgeons who are paired with current residents or fellows from these programs. They share their practical, hands-on experience. Packed with Critical Information This practical manual provides essential information in a convenient, fully illustrated, and easily accessible outline format. It focuses on the most common problems in facial trauma and then provides the critical information needed for immediate bedside care. Divided into 21 chapters, this handbook is organized into two main sections. Part I focuses on basic principles for managing facial trauma, whereas Part II concerns regional management and contains chapters on injuries to specific anatomic regions. Each chapter within this second section follows a consistent format that includes anatomy, fracture patterns, surgical indications, operative sequence, postoperative care, complications, and recommended follow-up. Tips are highlighted throughout, and a bulleted list of pearls concludes each chapter. References at the end of each chapter direct the reader to additional resource material. Easily Accessible Format This handbook's design and format make it readily accessible, highly readable, and ideal for quickly locating important information. Bulleted lists, tables, and boxes as well as tips and pearls illuminate key points featured throughout. Despite its size, this book is liberally illustrated with medical art, photographs, and radiographs that depict classic problems, anatomy, and operative steps to help readers identify the problems discussed and understand the nuances of management. The two-color design increases the text's readability and highlights essential information. If you are treating facial trauma, this is a book that you cannot afford to be without. Slip it into your lab coat pocket and you'll find a wealth of information at your fingertips!
Publisher: Thieme
ISBN: 1626239355
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 414
Book Description
Essentials of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma is destined to become a favorite with all students of plastic surgery, otolaryngology, and maxillofacial surgery, whether residents in training or experienced practitioners. Small enough to fit in a lab coat pocket but comprehensive enough to cover the essential topics in facial trauma, this exceptional manual is just the resource you need. It will prove invaluable as a quick reference on the "front lines" in the emergency room as well as for use in daily practice, when studying for board exams, or simply as a refresher when confronting a difficult clinical problem. This book evolved from the outstanding craniomaxillofacial trauma programs at Duke University and Johns Hopkins University/Maryland Shock Trauma Unit and is built on the principles and treatment protocols employed at these institutions. Contributors are senior surgeons who are paired with current residents or fellows from these programs. They share their practical, hands-on experience. Packed with Critical Information This practical manual provides essential information in a convenient, fully illustrated, and easily accessible outline format. It focuses on the most common problems in facial trauma and then provides the critical information needed for immediate bedside care. Divided into 21 chapters, this handbook is organized into two main sections. Part I focuses on basic principles for managing facial trauma, whereas Part II concerns regional management and contains chapters on injuries to specific anatomic regions. Each chapter within this second section follows a consistent format that includes anatomy, fracture patterns, surgical indications, operative sequence, postoperative care, complications, and recommended follow-up. Tips are highlighted throughout, and a bulleted list of pearls concludes each chapter. References at the end of each chapter direct the reader to additional resource material. Easily Accessible Format This handbook's design and format make it readily accessible, highly readable, and ideal for quickly locating important information. Bulleted lists, tables, and boxes as well as tips and pearls illuminate key points featured throughout. Despite its size, this book is liberally illustrated with medical art, photographs, and radiographs that depict classic problems, anatomy, and operative steps to help readers identify the problems discussed and understand the nuances of management. The two-color design increases the text's readability and highlights essential information. If you are treating facial trauma, this is a book that you cannot afford to be without. Slip it into your lab coat pocket and you'll find a wealth of information at your fingertips!
Craniofacial Trauma
Author: Nicolas Hardt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540330410
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Book Description
Craniofacial Trauma, Diagnosis and Management offers detailed guidance on the diagnosis, surgical planning, and interdisciplinary treatment of craniofacial trauma. The book is divided into two parts. The first, devoted to classification and diagnosis of craniofacial fractures, includes chapters on anatomy, radiology, fracture classification, fracture mechanisms, epidemiological aspects, symptoms, and specific related aspects of neuro-craniofacial injuries. The second part addresses the treatment of craniofacial trauma, examining operative principles and providing step-by-step descriptions of a variety of hard and soft tissue reconstructive procedures. Complications and late sequelae following craniofacial reconstruction are examined, and a further chapters is devoted to delayed reconstruction of craniofacial defects. New developments and the role of computer-assisted treatment planning are discussed in the final section. This manual will provide an indispensable reference for residents in maxillofacial training and for maxillofacial/ neurosurgeons in the specialized field of craniofacial traumatology.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540330410
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Book Description
Craniofacial Trauma, Diagnosis and Management offers detailed guidance on the diagnosis, surgical planning, and interdisciplinary treatment of craniofacial trauma. The book is divided into two parts. The first, devoted to classification and diagnosis of craniofacial fractures, includes chapters on anatomy, radiology, fracture classification, fracture mechanisms, epidemiological aspects, symptoms, and specific related aspects of neuro-craniofacial injuries. The second part addresses the treatment of craniofacial trauma, examining operative principles and providing step-by-step descriptions of a variety of hard and soft tissue reconstructive procedures. Complications and late sequelae following craniofacial reconstruction are examined, and a further chapters is devoted to delayed reconstruction of craniofacial defects. New developments and the role of computer-assisted treatment planning are discussed in the final section. This manual will provide an indispensable reference for residents in maxillofacial training and for maxillofacial/ neurosurgeons in the specialized field of craniofacial traumatology.
Atlas Of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma
Author: Simon Holmes
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN: 191129945X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 226
Book Description
This is a full-colour illustrative textbook written by highly experienced consultants from two different continents — Asia and Europe — which sets out to compare the two possibly dissimilar scenarios of maxillofacial trauma in relation to the epidemiology and aetiology of the two regions. All cases presented in this atlas are from the authors' personal experience during their day-to-day management of patients.The surgical procedure is explained in a step-by-step manner which allows for better understanding, particularly by students who have not had the opportunity to observe the procedures in clinics and operating theatres. To ensure maximum comprehension of material, the text is written in a clear and concise manner and positioned alongside real-life photographs. Important decision-making points on some topics are highlighted within boxes./a
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN: 191129945X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 226
Book Description
This is a full-colour illustrative textbook written by highly experienced consultants from two different continents — Asia and Europe — which sets out to compare the two possibly dissimilar scenarios of maxillofacial trauma in relation to the epidemiology and aetiology of the two regions. All cases presented in this atlas are from the authors' personal experience during their day-to-day management of patients.The surgical procedure is explained in a step-by-step manner which allows for better understanding, particularly by students who have not had the opportunity to observe the procedures in clinics and operating theatres. To ensure maximum comprehension of material, the text is written in a clear and concise manner and positioned alongside real-life photographs. Important decision-making points on some topics are highlighted within boxes./a
Mathog's Atlas of Craniofacial Trauma
Author: Robert H Mathog
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 1451177720
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 697
Book Description
Mathog’s Atlas of Craniofacial Trauma covers a practical step-by-step approach of procedures to treat craniofacial fractures. This definitive book on surgery for craniofacial trauma covers a wide range of procedures that cross a number of specialties. Each procedure has been updated to reflect current methods being utilized today. Although the focus is on the facial skeleton, there are adequate presentations to orient the reader to vascular, central nervous system, dental, and ophthalmic injuries, which is important as most of these injuries cross specialties. This completely revised Second Edition will have multiple new chapters, including Imaging of Craniofacial Fractures; Plates, Materials, and Instrumentation; Multidisciplinary Approach to Trauma; Free Flap Reconstruction of the Mandible.
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 1451177720
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 697
Book Description
Mathog’s Atlas of Craniofacial Trauma covers a practical step-by-step approach of procedures to treat craniofacial fractures. This definitive book on surgery for craniofacial trauma covers a wide range of procedures that cross a number of specialties. Each procedure has been updated to reflect current methods being utilized today. Although the focus is on the facial skeleton, there are adequate presentations to orient the reader to vascular, central nervous system, dental, and ophthalmic injuries, which is important as most of these injuries cross specialties. This completely revised Second Edition will have multiple new chapters, including Imaging of Craniofacial Fractures; Plates, Materials, and Instrumentation; Multidisciplinary Approach to Trauma; Free Flap Reconstruction of the Mandible.
Principles of Internal Fixation of the Craniomaxillofacial Skeleton
Author: Joachim Prein
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag
ISBN: 3132579920
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 613
Book Description
Traditionally, each speciality involved in craniomaxillofacial trauma and orthognathic surgery had its own areas of interest and expertise. This introductory textbook is different in that it presents the combined and focused expertise and competence of the different specialities on the entire craniofacial skeleton. The principles described in this textbook represent the evolution of craniomaxillofacial buttress reconstruction over the last 60 years. In addition to standard procedures, techniques representing recent surgical advances and new developments are introduced as well. This textbook not only provides an overview on current concepts of craniomaxillofacial trauma care and orthognathic surgery, but also helps to understand the complexity of the craniofacial skeleton and its related soft tissues for an efficient and successful reconstruction of the face following trauma and congenital deformities.
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag
ISBN: 3132579920
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 613
Book Description
Traditionally, each speciality involved in craniomaxillofacial trauma and orthognathic surgery had its own areas of interest and expertise. This introductory textbook is different in that it presents the combined and focused expertise and competence of the different specialities on the entire craniofacial skeleton. The principles described in this textbook represent the evolution of craniomaxillofacial buttress reconstruction over the last 60 years. In addition to standard procedures, techniques representing recent surgical advances and new developments are introduced as well. This textbook not only provides an overview on current concepts of craniomaxillofacial trauma care and orthognathic surgery, but also helps to understand the complexity of the craniofacial skeleton and its related soft tissues for an efficient and successful reconstruction of the face following trauma and congenital deformities.
Essentials of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma
Author: Jeffrey R. Marcus, MD
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1576263320
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 344
Book Description
Essentials of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma is destined to become a favorite with all students of plastic surgery, otolaryngology, and maxillofacial surgery, whether residents in training or experienced practitioners. Small enough to fit in a lab coat pocket but comprehensive enough to cover the essential topics in facial trauma, this exceptional manual is just the resource you need. It will prove invaluable as a quick reference on the "front lines" in the emergency room as well as for use in daily practice, when studying for board exams, or simply as a refresher when confronting a difficult clinical problem. This book evolved from the outstanding craniomaxillofacial trauma programs at Duke University and Johns Hopkins University/Maryland Shock Trauma Unit and is built on the principles and treatment protocols employed at these institutions. Contributors are senior surgeons who are paired with current residents or fellows from these programs. They share their practical, hands-on experience. Packed with Critical Information This practical manual provides essential information in a convenient, fully illustrated, and easily accessible outline format. It focuses on the most common problems in facial trauma and then provides the critical information needed for immediate bedside care. Divided into 21 chapters, this handbook is organized into two main sections. Part I focuses on basic principles for managing facial trauma, whereas Part II concerns regional management and contains chapters on injuries to specific anatomic regions. Each chapter within this second section follows a consistent format that includes anatomy, fracture patterns, surgical indications, operative sequence, postoperative care, complications, and recommended follow-up. Tips are highlighted throughout, and a bulleted list of pearls concludes each chapter. References at the end of each chapter direct the reader to additional resource material. Easily Accessible Format This handbook’s design and format make it readily accessible, highly readable, and ideal for quickly locating important information. Bulleted lists, tables, and boxes as well as tips and pearls illuminate key points featured throughout. Despite its size, this book is liberally illustrated with medical art, photographs, and radiographs that depict classic problems, anatomy, and operative steps to help readers identify the problems discussed and understand the nuances of management. The two-color design increases the text’s readability and highlights essential information. If you are treating facial trauma, this is a book that you cannot afford to be without. Slip it into your lab coat pocket and you’ll find a wealth of information at your fingertips!
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1576263320
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 344
Book Description
Essentials of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma is destined to become a favorite with all students of plastic surgery, otolaryngology, and maxillofacial surgery, whether residents in training or experienced practitioners. Small enough to fit in a lab coat pocket but comprehensive enough to cover the essential topics in facial trauma, this exceptional manual is just the resource you need. It will prove invaluable as a quick reference on the "front lines" in the emergency room as well as for use in daily practice, when studying for board exams, or simply as a refresher when confronting a difficult clinical problem. This book evolved from the outstanding craniomaxillofacial trauma programs at Duke University and Johns Hopkins University/Maryland Shock Trauma Unit and is built on the principles and treatment protocols employed at these institutions. Contributors are senior surgeons who are paired with current residents or fellows from these programs. They share their practical, hands-on experience. Packed with Critical Information This practical manual provides essential information in a convenient, fully illustrated, and easily accessible outline format. It focuses on the most common problems in facial trauma and then provides the critical information needed for immediate bedside care. Divided into 21 chapters, this handbook is organized into two main sections. Part I focuses on basic principles for managing facial trauma, whereas Part II concerns regional management and contains chapters on injuries to specific anatomic regions. Each chapter within this second section follows a consistent format that includes anatomy, fracture patterns, surgical indications, operative sequence, postoperative care, complications, and recommended follow-up. Tips are highlighted throughout, and a bulleted list of pearls concludes each chapter. References at the end of each chapter direct the reader to additional resource material. Easily Accessible Format This handbook’s design and format make it readily accessible, highly readable, and ideal for quickly locating important information. Bulleted lists, tables, and boxes as well as tips and pearls illuminate key points featured throughout. Despite its size, this book is liberally illustrated with medical art, photographs, and radiographs that depict classic problems, anatomy, and operative steps to help readers identify the problems discussed and understand the nuances of management. The two-color design increases the text’s readability and highlights essential information. If you are treating facial trauma, this is a book that you cannot afford to be without. Slip it into your lab coat pocket and you’ll find a wealth of information at your fingertips!
Facial Trauma Surgery E-Book
Author: Amir H Dorafshar
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323509606
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 603
Book Description
Offering authoritative guidance and a multitude of high-quality images, Facial Trauma Surgery: From Primary Repair to Reconstruction is the first comprehensive textbook of its kind on treating primary facial trauma and delayed reconstruction of both the soft tissues and craniofacial bony skeleton. This unique volume is a practical, complete reference for clinical presentation, fracture pattern, classification, and management of patients with traumatic facial injury, helping you provide the best possible outcomes for patients' successful reintegration into work and society. - Explains the basic principles and concepts of primary traumatic facial injury repair and secondary facial reconstruction. - Offers expert, up-to-date guidance from global leaders in plastic and reconstructive surgery, otolaryngology and facial plastic surgery, oral maxillofacial surgery, neurosurgery, and oculoplastic surgery. - Covers innovative topics such as virtual surgical planning, 3D printing, intraoperative surgical navigation, post-traumatic injury, treatment of facial pain, and the roles of microsurgery and facial transplantation in the treatment facial traumatic injuries. - Includes an end commentary in every chapter provided by Dr. Paul Manson, former Chief of Plastic Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital and a pioneer in the field of acute treatment of traumatic facial injuries. - Offers videos that clarify surgical technique, including intraoperative guidance and imaging; transconjunctival approach to the orbit and reconstruction of a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture; calvarial bone autograft splitting; dental splinting; a systematic method for reading a craniofacial CT scan; and more. - Features superb photographs and illustrations throughout, as well as evidence-based summaries in current areas of controversy. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323509606
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 603
Book Description
Offering authoritative guidance and a multitude of high-quality images, Facial Trauma Surgery: From Primary Repair to Reconstruction is the first comprehensive textbook of its kind on treating primary facial trauma and delayed reconstruction of both the soft tissues and craniofacial bony skeleton. This unique volume is a practical, complete reference for clinical presentation, fracture pattern, classification, and management of patients with traumatic facial injury, helping you provide the best possible outcomes for patients' successful reintegration into work and society. - Explains the basic principles and concepts of primary traumatic facial injury repair and secondary facial reconstruction. - Offers expert, up-to-date guidance from global leaders in plastic and reconstructive surgery, otolaryngology and facial plastic surgery, oral maxillofacial surgery, neurosurgery, and oculoplastic surgery. - Covers innovative topics such as virtual surgical planning, 3D printing, intraoperative surgical navigation, post-traumatic injury, treatment of facial pain, and the roles of microsurgery and facial transplantation in the treatment facial traumatic injuries. - Includes an end commentary in every chapter provided by Dr. Paul Manson, former Chief of Plastic Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital and a pioneer in the field of acute treatment of traumatic facial injuries. - Offers videos that clarify surgical technique, including intraoperative guidance and imaging; transconjunctival approach to the orbit and reconstruction of a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture; calvarial bone autograft splitting; dental splinting; a systematic method for reading a craniofacial CT scan; and more. - Features superb photographs and illustrations throughout, as well as evidence-based summaries in current areas of controversy. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Atlas of Operative Maxillofacial Trauma Surgery
Author: Michael Perry
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1447128559
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 834
Book Description
The idea behind this book is to produce a fully comprehensive and highly illustrated “how to” technical reference manual, demonstrating surgical procedures in a step by step manner. This book also covers assessment and investigations, but focuses on the surgical and non surgical management of all aspect of maxillofacial trauma. It will include most, if not all, of the surgical approaches and techniques used, for all injuries. This volume includes emergency procedures and the various techniques in repair of fractures and soft tissue injuries, from the simple to the complex. Each step is illustrated photographically or with line diagrams, with explanatory text. This will enable surgical trainees and surgeons with limited trauma experience to understand how and why any particular procedure is undertaken.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1447128559
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 834
Book Description
The idea behind this book is to produce a fully comprehensive and highly illustrated “how to” technical reference manual, demonstrating surgical procedures in a step by step manner. This book also covers assessment and investigations, but focuses on the surgical and non surgical management of all aspect of maxillofacial trauma. It will include most, if not all, of the surgical approaches and techniques used, for all injuries. This volume includes emergency procedures and the various techniques in repair of fractures and soft tissue injuries, from the simple to the complex. Each step is illustrated photographically or with line diagrams, with explanatory text. This will enable surgical trainees and surgeons with limited trauma experience to understand how and why any particular procedure is undertaken.
Advanced Craniomaxillofacial Surgery
Author: Michael Ehrenfeld
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783132437203
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783132437203
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Maxillofacial Trauma
Author: Akhilesh Kumar Singh
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981336338X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 467
Book Description
This book amalgamates the basic concepts in understanding the science of maxillofacial skeleton with the clinical skills required towards managing complex facial fractures. The book is presented in two sections. The first section introduces the readers with the introduction to maxillofacial trauma, biomechanics of maxillofacial skeleton, the principle of internal fixation, medicolegal aspects of maxillofacial trauma, and preoperative workup which provides a brief outline towards an understanding of the basic concepts about the anatomy and physiology of facial skeleton. The second section is oriented clinically with case-based discussions that start from the emergency management of facial trauma including the recent protocols of basic life support and advanced trauma life support, emergency airway management followed by definitive management guidelines in stabilizing and fixing the fractured facial bones. The clinical cases have been discussed in a way to provide practical knowledge and skills to the postgraduate students and clinicians who will enhance their knowledge and facilitate the decision-making process. This book would be a valuable read for clinicians in oral & maxillofacial surgery, ENT surgery, plastic surgery and allied trauma specialists dealing with maxillofacial trauma.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981336338X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 467
Book Description
This book amalgamates the basic concepts in understanding the science of maxillofacial skeleton with the clinical skills required towards managing complex facial fractures. The book is presented in two sections. The first section introduces the readers with the introduction to maxillofacial trauma, biomechanics of maxillofacial skeleton, the principle of internal fixation, medicolegal aspects of maxillofacial trauma, and preoperative workup which provides a brief outline towards an understanding of the basic concepts about the anatomy and physiology of facial skeleton. The second section is oriented clinically with case-based discussions that start from the emergency management of facial trauma including the recent protocols of basic life support and advanced trauma life support, emergency airway management followed by definitive management guidelines in stabilizing and fixing the fractured facial bones. The clinical cases have been discussed in a way to provide practical knowledge and skills to the postgraduate students and clinicians who will enhance their knowledge and facilitate the decision-making process. This book would be a valuable read for clinicians in oral & maxillofacial surgery, ENT surgery, plastic surgery and allied trauma specialists dealing with maxillofacial trauma.