Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
Book Description
Correlation of Simulation with Clinical Assessments of Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
Author: Simulation & Correlation of Blast-Induced Early-Time Intracranial Wave Physics with Traumatic Brain Injury
Author: Simulation and Correlation of Blast-Induced Early-Time Intracranial Wave Physics with Traumatic Brain Injury
Author: Neurotrauma
Author: Raj K. NarayanPublisher: McGraw-Hill
ISBN: 9780070456624
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1558
Book Description
This reference is a comprehensive work in the field of neurotrauma and critical care. It incorporates the fields of head injury, spinal injury and basic neurotrauma research into one source. The major emphasis is on the treatment of patients with head and spinal cord injury, including the management of all other problems that bear upon the care of these patients.
Virtual Simulation of the Effects of Intracranial Fluid Cavitation in Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
Author: Modeling and Simulation of Blast-induced, Early-time Intracranial Wave Physics Leading to Traumatic Brain Injury
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 25
Book Description
The objective of this modeling and simulation study was to establish the role of stress wave interactions in the genesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) from exposure to explosive blast. A high resolution (1 mm3 voxels), 5 material model of the human head was created by segmentation of color cryosections from the Visible Human Female dataset. Tissue material properties were assigned from literature values. The model was inserted into the shock physics wave code, CTH, and subjected to a simulated blast wave of 1.3 MPa (13 bars) peak pressure from anterior, posterior and lateral directions. Three dimensional plots of maximum pressure, volumetric tension, and deviatoric (shear) stress demonstrated significant differences related to the incident blast geometry. In particular, the calculations revealed focal brain regions of elevated pressure and deviatoric (shear) stress within the first 2 milliseconds of blast exposure. Calculated maximum levels of 15 KPa deviatoric, 3.3 MPa pressure, and 0.8 MPa volumetric tension were observed before the onset of significant head accelerations. Over a 2 msec time course, the head model moved only 1 mm in response to the blast loading. Doubling the blast strength changed the resulting intracranial stress magnitudes but not their distribution. We conclude that stress localization, due to early time wave interactions, may contribute to the development of multifocal axonal injury underlying TBI. We propose that a contribution to traumatic brain injury from blast exposure, and most likely blunt impact, can occur on a time scale shorter than previous model predictions and before the onset of linear or rotational accelerations traditionally associated with the development of TBI.
Simulation of Blast-Induced Early-Time Intracranial Wave Physics Leading to Traumatic Brain Injury
Author: Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury
Author: Cristina Morganti-KossmannPublisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107007437
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 361
Book Description
Presents the most up-to-date clinical and experimental research in neurotrauma in an illustrated, accessible, comprehensive volume.
Computational Modeling of Blast-induced Traumatic Brain Injury
Author: Michelle Kyaw NyeinPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 113
Book Description
Blast-induced TBI has gained prominence in recent years due to the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, yet little is known about the mechanical effects of blasts on the human head; no injury thresholds have been established for blast effects on the head, and even direct transmission of the shock wave to the intracranial cavity is disputed. Still less is known about how personal protective equipment such as the Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH) affect the brain's response to blasts. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the mechanical response of the human brain to blasts and to study the effect of the ACH on the blast response of the head. To that end, a biofidelic computational model of the human head consisting of 11 distinct structures was developed from high-resolution medical imaging data. The model, known as the DVBIC/MIT Full Head Model (FHM), was subjected to blasts with incident overpressures of 6 atm and 30 atm and to a 5 m/s lateral impact. Results from the simulations demonstrate that blasts can penetrate the intracranial cavity and generate intracranial pressures that exceed the pressures produced during impact; the results suggest that blasts can plausibly directly cause traumatic brain injury. Subsequent investigation of the effect of the ACH on the blast response of the head found that the ACH provided minimal mitigation of blast effects. Results from the simulations conducted with the FHM extended to include the ACH suggest that the ACH can slightly reduce peak pressure magnitudes and delay peak pressure arrival times, but the benefits are minimal because the ACH does not protect the main pathways of load transmission from the blast to brain tissue. A more effective blast mitigation strategy might involve altering the helmet design to more completely surround the head in order to protect it from direct exposure to blast waves.
Brain Neurotrauma
Author: Firas H. KobeissyPublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466565993
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 718
Book Description
With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.