Author: C. Peter Rydell
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 9780833015525
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 152

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Book Description
This report analyzes the relative cost-effectiveness of various available drug interventions.

Author: C. P. Rydell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138

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Book Description
This analysis examines only cocaine-control programs. That is a sufficiently ambitious undertaking, given the current state of the art of cost- effectiveness analyses of drug-control policies. However, the analytical methods used here are relevant to analyses of control programs for other illicit drugs, such as heroin and marijuana. Moreover, the programmatic conclusions of this study are likely to have analogues in those other drug-control efforts.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030917306X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 65

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Book Description
This study is an important first step in the development of a national policy on illegal drugs. It assesses two recent cost-effectiveness studies on cocaine control policy: one by RAND, Controlling Cocaine: Supply Versus Demand Programs, and the other by the Institute of Defense Analyses, An Empirical Examination of Counterdrug Interdiction Program Effectiveness.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138

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Book Description
The current cocaine epidemic in the United States started in the late 1960s, picked up momentum during the 1970s, and is still going strong in the 1990s. The number of cocaine users peaked in the early 1980s at about 9 million, and has gradually decreased to a little more than 7 million today. However, that downward trend in the total number of users is misleading, because a decline in the number of light users has masked an increase in the number of heavy users. Heavy users consume cocaine at a rate approximately eight times that of light users, so the upward trend in consumption by heavy users roughly cancels the downward trend in consumption by light users. The result is that total consumption of cocaine in the United States has remained at its mid-1980s peak for almost a decade.

Author: C. Peter Rydell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cocaine industry
Languages : en
Pages : 27

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Book Description

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309159342
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 124

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Book Description
Despite efforts to reduce drug consumption in the United States over the past 35 years, drugs are just as cheap and available as they have ever been. Cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamines continue to cause great harm in the country, particularly in minority communities in the major cities. Marijuana use remains a part of adolescent development for about half of the country's young people, although there is controversy about the extent of its harm. Given the persistence of drug demand in the face of lengthy and expensive efforts to control the markets, the National Institute of Justice asked the National Research Council to undertake a study of current research on the demand for drugs in order to help better focus national efforts to reduce that demand. This study complements the 2003 book, Informing America's Policy on Illegal Drugs by giving more attention to the sources of demand and assessing the potential of demand-side interventions to make a substantial difference to the nation's drug problems. Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs therefore focuses tightly on demand models in the field of economics and evaluates the data needs for advancing this relatively undeveloped area of investigation.

Author: Stephen T. Higgins
Publisher: Guilford Press
ISBN: 1593855710
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 401

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Book Description
Timely and authoritative, this volume brings together leading clinical researchers to describe contemporary applications of contingency management principles across a wide range of substance use disorders and patient populations. Contingency management uses a system of incentives and disincentives to motivate patients to meet their treatment goals, and has been implemented successfully in community treatment clinics, drug courts, and other settings. Featuring illustrative case material, the book presents a cogent empirical rationale and practical strategies for targeting major drugs of abuse and working with specific populations, including adolescents, pregnant women, and dually diagnosed and homeless individuals. Also addressed are the nuts and bolts of developing and funding contingency management programs.

Author: Susan S. Everingham
Publisher: RAND Corporation
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 86

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Book Description
This report documents the development of a two-state Markovian model of the demand for cocaine and includes the estimation of incidence, prevalence, cohort retention, and consumption. The Markovian model is required to fit (1) the overall prevalence data; (2) the fraction of all users who are heavy users in 1985, 1988, and 1990; and (3) the fraction of a cohort of initiates that is still using drugs ten years later, the ten-year cohort retention rate. The study states that the incidence of new users into light cocaine use has varied greatly over the years and is an input to the model; however, the model cannot predict future prevalence--it can only project prevalence given a hypothetical incidence scenario. The model also demonstrates that the fraction of all cocaine users who are heavy users has varied greatly over time, and that peak heavy usage followed peak incidence by about ten years. Consequently, the effect on heavy usage of government programs that reduce incidence (such as prevention programs) will only be realized many years later.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309459575
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 483

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Book Description
Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

Author: Philip J. Cook
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 9780226115122
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Criminal justice expenditures have more than doubled since the 1980s, dramatically increasing costs to the public. With state and local revenue shortfalls resulting from the recent recession, the question of whether crime control can be accomplished either with fewer resources or by investing those resources in areas other than the criminal justice system is all the more relevant. Controlling Crime considers alternative ways to reduce crime that do not sacrifice public safety. Among the topics considered here are criminal justice system reform, social policy, and government policies affecting alcohol abuse, drugs, and private crime prevention. Particular attention is paid to the respective roles of both the private sector and government agencies. Through a broad conceptual framework and a careful review of the relevant literature, this volume provides insight into the important trends and patterns of some of the interventions that may be effective in reducing crime.