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Author: Divya Sardana Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 81
Book Description
Ad hoc networks have become a popular type of wireless network in the present world. In order to match with the increasing demand of ad hoc networks, a lot of research is being done towards solving the issues related to the design of ad hoc networks. The design of a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for ad hoc networks is one such issue. Traditional MAC protocols involve the use of a single channel as the wireless medium. However, throughput of a single channel MAC degrades as the node traffic in the system increases. One of the interesting approaches towards alleviating this problem is the use of more than one channel as the underlying medium. The use of multiple channels allows more than one communication to take place simultaneously thereby improving the throughput of the system. Multiple channels have been mostly used in the literature by assigning one of the channels as the control channel used only for control packet transfer and the rest of the channels as data channels used for Data packet transfer. Using such an approach towards designing a multi-channel MAC protocol leads to a poor utilization of the available bandwidth. In this thesis, we propose a multi-channel MAC protocol called as Control-channel Reuse based Multi-channel MAC (CRM-MAC) which aims at improving the overall bandwidth utilization. We illustrate the efficacy of our protocol through elaborate simulations.
Author: Divya Sardana Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 81
Book Description
Ad hoc networks have become a popular type of wireless network in the present world. In order to match with the increasing demand of ad hoc networks, a lot of research is being done towards solving the issues related to the design of ad hoc networks. The design of a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for ad hoc networks is one such issue. Traditional MAC protocols involve the use of a single channel as the wireless medium. However, throughput of a single channel MAC degrades as the node traffic in the system increases. One of the interesting approaches towards alleviating this problem is the use of more than one channel as the underlying medium. The use of multiple channels allows more than one communication to take place simultaneously thereby improving the throughput of the system. Multiple channels have been mostly used in the literature by assigning one of the channels as the control channel used only for control packet transfer and the rest of the channels as data channels used for Data packet transfer. Using such an approach towards designing a multi-channel MAC protocol leads to a poor utilization of the available bandwidth. In this thesis, we propose a multi-channel MAC protocol called as Control-channel Reuse based Multi-channel MAC (CRM-MAC) which aims at improving the overall bandwidth utilization. We illustrate the efficacy of our protocol through elaborate simulations.
Author: Yuhan Moon Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ad hoc networks (Computer networks) Languages : en Pages : 151
Book Description
Today, many wireless networks are single-channel systems. However, as the interest in wireless services increases, the contention by nodes to occupy the medium is more intense and interference worsens. One direction with the potential to increase system throughput is multi-channel systems. Multi-channel systems have been shown to reduce collisions and increase concurrency thus producing better bandwidth usage. However, the well-known hidden- and exposed-terminal problems inherited from single-channel systems remain, and a new channel selection problem is introduced. In this dissertation, Multi-channel medium access control (MAC) protocols are proposed for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) for nodes equipped with a single half-duplex transceiver, using more sophisticated physical layer technologies. These include code division multiple access (CDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), and diversity. CDMA increases channel reuse, while OFDMA enables communication by multiple users in parallel. There is a challenge to using each technology in MANETs, where there is no fixed infrastructure or centralized control. CDMA suffers from the near-far problem, while OFDMA requires channel synchronization to decode the signal. As a result CDMA and OFDMA are not yet widely used. Cooperative (diversity) mechanisms provide vital information to facilitate communication set-up between source-destination node pairs and help overcome limitations of physical layer technologies in MANETs. In this dissertation, the Cooperative CDMA-based Multi-channel MAC (CCM-MAC) protocol uses CDMA to enable concurrent transmissions on each channel. The Power-controlled CDMA-based Multi-channel MAC (PCC-MAC) protocol uses transmission power control at each node and mitigates collisions of control packets on the control channel by using different sizes of the spreading factor to have different processing gains for the control signals. The Cooperative Dual-access Multi-channel MAC (CDM-MAC) protocol combines the use of OFDMA and CDMA and minimizes channel interference by a resolvable balanced incomplete block design (BIBD). In each protocol, cooperating nodes help reduce the incidence of the multi-channel hidden- and exposed-terminal and help address the near-far problem of CDMA by supplying information. Simulation results show that each of the proposed protocols achieve significantly better system performance when compared to IEEE 802.11, other multi-channel protocols, and another protocol CDMA-based.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
This paper presents a new CDMA-based multichannel medium access control protocol for ad hoc networks, which is named as two-phase coding multichannel protocol with power control. The first phase code is used to broaden the area reuse and the second phase code is employed to distinguish between different nodes in one specific area. This algorithm efficiently eliminates hidden terminal and exposed terminal problems during data transmission and greatly increases the throughput. In addition, it has good scalability and can be easily accomplished with GPS. Although many multichannel MAC protocols adopting CDMA techniques have been presented, few have addressed the near-far problem. We incorporate power control in our algorithm and reduce the near-far interference. The implementation of two-phase coding with power control is discussed, and the primary simulation result demonstrates that the proposed protocol offers better performance.
Author: Jai Mondhe Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 150
Book Description
A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of mobile terminals equipped with wireless transceivers that form an autonomous network without any pre-planned infrastructure or centralized administration. Wireless hosts in an ad hoc network typically share a single common channel for communication. The Medium Access Control (MAC) allows the hosts to resolve contention while randomly accessing the channel and plays a key role in determining the efficiency of channel usage in the network. Usage of multiple channels improves the throughput of the MAC protocol in ad hoc networks by allowing multiple nodes to transmit concurrently on different non-overlapping channels. Efficient channel selection schemes can reduce the contention in each channel leading to smaller number of collisions, backoffs, and retransmissions. This research explores a new channel selection scheme that is based on maximizing the signal to interference ratio at the receiver as well as minimizing the interference caused to all other active receivers in the vicinity of the sender. An implementation of this "cooperative" channel selection technique is proposed employing receiver-initiated busy-tones and signal power measurements at the sending and receiving nodes respectively. Simulation based performance results are presented.
Author: Musa Aykut Canbolat Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 74
Book Description
Although IEEE 802.11a/b/g standards allow use of multiple channels, only a single channel is popularly used, due to the lack of efficient protocols that enable use of Multiple Channels. There are some papers challenging this problem. Some of them have requirements that will increase the cost, like requirement of multiple transceivers. Some others address the problem with single transceivers, but are very hard to be employed in highly mobile Ad Hoc networks due to network-wide synchronization requirements. In this Thesis, multiple channel use in a wireless network with single transceiver nodes is addressed, and attempted to be solved with a new efficient Ad Hoc network MAC protocol, which intends to remove the requirement of network-wide synchronization.
Author: Imran Haider Gulam Haider Balsania Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
A SINR based MAC layer protocol for multi-channel ad-hoc networks is proposed. The protocol provides a distributed solution to a node pair that has to choose the "best" channel amongst the available 'M' channels (M>1). We define "best channel selection" in terms of the least interference power measurement encountered on a particular channel by the receiving station throughout the entire duration of data exchange. Using Medium Access Control (MAC) layer mechanisms for message exchange between the nodes, our algorithm achieves not only interference mitigation but also solves the classical hidden and exposed terminal problems in wireless networks. Simulations performed on the NS-2 platform validate the throughput gain achieved by our algorithm in comparison to IEEE 802.11 MAC scheme alongside two other state-of-the-art multichannel MAC protocols.
Author: Yogita Mehta Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
[Author's abstract] Recent technology advances have opened a new spectrum of communication networks called ad hoc networks. In an ad hoc network, the Media Access Control (MAC) protocol of IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF), designed to share a single channel between nodes. This thesis presents a protocol that facilitates use of more than one channel and analytical analysis for the throughput of the network. One of the functions of a MAC layer is to scan all channels. A composite metric (CM) has been proposed for each available channel. The CM depends on the signal to noise ratio, the battery power remaining and the mobility of each node with respect to other nodes in the network. The channels with three higher CMs are selected at each node and are used to build a Preferred Channel List (PCL). During Announcement Traffic Indication Message (ATIM), the PCL is sent by the node intended to communicate with another node. If the PCL of the receiver node has non interfering channels with the PCL of the sender node, it responds with an ATIM ACK with its PCL. If the PCL of both nodes have appropriate channels, then the sender node replies with an ATIM RES indicating that at the end of the ATIM window, the RTS/CTS/DATA/ACK handshake will begin. A mathematical model based on Markov chain process is designed to derive an expression for saturation throughput and evaluate the performance of Composite Metric (CM) based Multi channel MAC (MMAC) against IEEE 802.11 MAC Distributed Co ordination Function (DCF) and Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA) protocol. IEEE 802.11 MAC, DCA and CM based MMAC protocol works better for large data packets than for small data packets. Simulation results show enhancement of 35 to 95 percent in the overall throughput of the network when the proposed CM based MMAC protocol used over IEEE 802.11 MAC and DCA protocols.
Author: Khaled Hatem Almotairi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 149
Book Description
In the past decade, the development of wireless communication technologies has made the use of the Internet ubiquitous. With the increasing number of new inventions and applications using wireless communication, more interference is introduced among wireless devices that results in limiting the capacity of wireless networks. Many approaches have been proposed to improve the capacity. One approach is to exploit multiple channels by allowing concurrent transmissions, and therefore it can provide high capacity. Many available, license-exempt, and non-overlapping channels are the main advantages of using this approach. Another approach that increases the network capacity is to adjust the transmission power; hence, it reduces interference among devices and increases the spatial reuse. Integrating both approaches provides further capacity. However, without careful transmission power control (TPC) design, the network performance is limited. The first part of this thesis tackles the integration to efficiently use multiple channels with an effective TPC design in a distributed manner. We examine the deficiency of uncontrolled asymmetrical transmission power in multi-channel ad hoc wireless networks. To overcome this deficiency, we propose a novel distributed transmission power control protocol called the distributed power level (DPL) protocol for multi-channel ad hoc wireless networks. DPL allocates different maximum allowable power values to different channels so that the nodes that require higher transmission power are separated from interfering with the nodes that require lower transmission power. As a result, nodes select their channels based on their minimum required transmission power to reduce interference over the channels. We also introduce two TPC modes for the DPL protocol: symmetrical and asymmetrical. For the symmetrical mode, nodes transmit at the power that has been assigned to the selected channel, thereby creating symmetrical links over any channel. The asymmetrical mode, on the other hand, allows nodes to transmit at a power that can be lower than or equal to the power assigned to the selected channel. In the second part of this thesis, we propose the multi-channel MAC protocol with hopping reservation (MMAC-HR) for multi-hop ad hoc networks to overcome the multi-channel exposed terminal problem, which leads to poor channel utilization over multiple channels. The proposed protocol is distributed, does not require clock synchronization, and fully supports broadcasting information. In addition, MMAC-HR does not require nodes to monitor the control channel in order to determine whether or not data channels are idle; instead, MMAC-HR employs carrier sensing and independent slow channel hopping without exchanging information to reduce the overhead. In the last part of this thesis, a novel multi-channel MAC protocol is developed without requiring any change to the IEEE 802.11 standard known as the dynamic switching protocol (DSP) based on the parallel rendezvous approach. DSP utilizes the available channels by allowing multiple transmissions at the same time and avoids congestion because it does not need a dedicated control channel and enables nodes dynamically switch among channels. Specifically, DSP employs two half-duplex interfaces: One interface follows fast hopping and the other one follows slow hopping. The fast hopping interface is used primarily for transmission and the slow hopping interface is used generally for reception. Moreover, the slow hopping interface never deviates from its default hopping sequence to avoid the busy receiver problem. Under single-hop ad hoc environments, an analytical model is developed and validated. The maximum saturation throughput and theoretical throughput upper limit of the proposed protocol are also obtained.
Author: Divya Sardana
Author: Divya Sardana
Author: Yuhan Moon
Author: 
Author: Jai Mondhe
Author: Mehdi Ait Tahar
Author: Musa Aykut Canbolat
Author: Imran Haider Gulam Haider Balsania
Author: Yogita Mehta
Author: Khaled Hatem Almotairi
Author: Venkatesh Rajendran