Author: Fadi Al-Turjman
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319990616
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
In this book, contributors provide insights into the latest developments of Edge Computing/Mobile Edge Computing, specifically in terms of communication protocols and related applications and architectures. The book provides help to Edge service providers, Edge service consumers, and Edge service developers interested in getting the latest knowledge in the area. The book includes relevant Edge Computing topics such as applications; architecture; services; inter-operability; data analytics; deployment and service; resource management; simulation and modeling; and security and privacy. Targeted readers include those from varying disciplines who are interested in designing and deploying Edge Computing. Features the latest research related to Edge Computing, from a variety of perspectives; Tackles Edge Computing in academia and industry, featuring a variety of new and innovative operational ideas; Provides a strong foundation for researchers to advance further in the Edge Computing domain.
Edge Computing
Author: Fadi Al-Turjman
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319990616
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
In this book, contributors provide insights into the latest developments of Edge Computing/Mobile Edge Computing, specifically in terms of communication protocols and related applications and architectures. The book provides help to Edge service providers, Edge service consumers, and Edge service developers interested in getting the latest knowledge in the area. The book includes relevant Edge Computing topics such as applications; architecture; services; inter-operability; data analytics; deployment and service; resource management; simulation and modeling; and security and privacy. Targeted readers include those from varying disciplines who are interested in designing and deploying Edge Computing. Features the latest research related to Edge Computing, from a variety of perspectives; Tackles Edge Computing in academia and industry, featuring a variety of new and innovative operational ideas; Provides a strong foundation for researchers to advance further in the Edge Computing domain.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319990616
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
In this book, contributors provide insights into the latest developments of Edge Computing/Mobile Edge Computing, specifically in terms of communication protocols and related applications and architectures. The book provides help to Edge service providers, Edge service consumers, and Edge service developers interested in getting the latest knowledge in the area. The book includes relevant Edge Computing topics such as applications; architecture; services; inter-operability; data analytics; deployment and service; resource management; simulation and modeling; and security and privacy. Targeted readers include those from varying disciplines who are interested in designing and deploying Edge Computing. Features the latest research related to Edge Computing, from a variety of perspectives; Tackles Edge Computing in academia and industry, featuring a variety of new and innovative operational ideas; Provides a strong foundation for researchers to advance further in the Edge Computing domain.
Understanding Infrastructure Edge Computing
Author: Alex Marcham
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111976324X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
UNDERSTANDING INFRASTRUCTURE EDGE COMPUTING A comprehensive review of the key emerging technologies that will directly impact areas of computer technology over the next five years Infrastructure edge computing is the model of data center and network infrastructure deployment which distributes a large number of physically small data centers around an area to deliver better performance and to enable new economical applications. It is vital for those operating at business or technical levels to be positioned to capitalize on the changes that will occur as a result of infrastructure edge computing. This book provides a thorough understanding of the growth of internet infrastructure from its inception to the emergence of infrastructure edge computing. Author Alex Marcham, an acknowledged leader in the field who coined the term ‘infrastructure edge computing,’ presents an accessible, accurate, and expansive view of the next generation of internet infrastructure. The book features illustrative examples of 5G mobile cellular networks, city-scale AI systems, self-driving cars, drones, industrial robots, and more—technologies that increase efficiency, save time and money, and improve safety. Covering state-of-the-art topics, this timely and authoritative book: Presents a clear and accurate survey of the key emerging technologies that will impact data centers, 5G networks, artificial intelligence and cyber-physical systems, and other areas of computer technology Explores how and why Internet infrastructure has evolved to where it stands today and where it needs to be in the near future Covers a wide range of topics including distributed application workload operation, infrastructure and application security, and related technologies such as multi-access edge computing (MEC) and fog computing Provides numerous use cases and examples of real-world applications which depend upon underlying edge infrastructure Written for Information Technology practitioners, computer technology practitioners, and students, Understanding Infrastructure Edge Computing is essential reading for those looking to benefit from the coming changes in computer technology.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111976324X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
UNDERSTANDING INFRASTRUCTURE EDGE COMPUTING A comprehensive review of the key emerging technologies that will directly impact areas of computer technology over the next five years Infrastructure edge computing is the model of data center and network infrastructure deployment which distributes a large number of physically small data centers around an area to deliver better performance and to enable new economical applications. It is vital for those operating at business or technical levels to be positioned to capitalize on the changes that will occur as a result of infrastructure edge computing. This book provides a thorough understanding of the growth of internet infrastructure from its inception to the emergence of infrastructure edge computing. Author Alex Marcham, an acknowledged leader in the field who coined the term ‘infrastructure edge computing,’ presents an accessible, accurate, and expansive view of the next generation of internet infrastructure. The book features illustrative examples of 5G mobile cellular networks, city-scale AI systems, self-driving cars, drones, industrial robots, and more—technologies that increase efficiency, save time and money, and improve safety. Covering state-of-the-art topics, this timely and authoritative book: Presents a clear and accurate survey of the key emerging technologies that will impact data centers, 5G networks, artificial intelligence and cyber-physical systems, and other areas of computer technology Explores how and why Internet infrastructure has evolved to where it stands today and where it needs to be in the near future Covers a wide range of topics including distributed application workload operation, infrastructure and application security, and related technologies such as multi-access edge computing (MEC) and fog computing Provides numerous use cases and examples of real-world applications which depend upon underlying edge infrastructure Written for Information Technology practitioners, computer technology practitioners, and students, Understanding Infrastructure Edge Computing is essential reading for those looking to benefit from the coming changes in computer technology.
Edge Computing
Author: K. Anitha Kumari
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000483592
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 181
Book Description
This reference text presents the state-of-the-art in edge computing, its primitives, devices and simulators, applications, and healthcare-based case studies. The text provides integration of blockchain with edge computing systems and integration of edge with Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing. It will facilitate readers to setup edge-based environment and work with edge analytics. It covers important topics, including cluster computing, fog computing, networking architecture, edge computing simulators, edge analytics, privacy-preserving schemes, edge computing with blockchain, autonomous vehicles, and cross-domain authentication. Aimed at senior undergraduate, graduate students and professionals in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics engineering, computer science, and information technology, this text: Discusses edge data storage security with case studies and blockchain integration with the edge computing system Covers theoretical methods with the help of applications, use cases, case studies, and examples Provides healthcare real-time case studies elaborated by utilizing the virtues of homomorphic encryption Discusses real-time interfaces, devices, and simulators in detail
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000483592
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 181
Book Description
This reference text presents the state-of-the-art in edge computing, its primitives, devices and simulators, applications, and healthcare-based case studies. The text provides integration of blockchain with edge computing systems and integration of edge with Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing. It will facilitate readers to setup edge-based environment and work with edge analytics. It covers important topics, including cluster computing, fog computing, networking architecture, edge computing simulators, edge analytics, privacy-preserving schemes, edge computing with blockchain, autonomous vehicles, and cross-domain authentication. Aimed at senior undergraduate, graduate students and professionals in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics engineering, computer science, and information technology, this text: Discusses edge data storage security with case studies and blockchain integration with the edge computing system Covers theoretical methods with the help of applications, use cases, case studies, and examples Provides healthcare real-time case studies elaborated by utilizing the virtues of homomorphic encryption Discusses real-time interfaces, devices, and simulators in detail
Edge Computing: A Primer
Author: Jie Cao
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030020835
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 94
Book Description
The success of the Internet of Things and rich cloud services have helped create the need for edge computing, in which data processing occurs in part at the network edge, rather than completely in the cloud. In Edge Computing: A Primer the vision and definition of Edge computing is introduced, as well as several key techniques that enable Edge computing. Then, four applications that benefit from Edge computing are presented as case studies, ranging from smart homes and public safety to medical services, followed by a discussion of several open challenges and opportunities in Edge computing. Finally, several key tools for edge computing such as virtualization and resource management are explained.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030020835
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 94
Book Description
The success of the Internet of Things and rich cloud services have helped create the need for edge computing, in which data processing occurs in part at the network edge, rather than completely in the cloud. In Edge Computing: A Primer the vision and definition of Edge computing is introduced, as well as several key techniques that enable Edge computing. Then, four applications that benefit from Edge computing are presented as case studies, ranging from smart homes and public safety to medical services, followed by a discussion of several open challenges and opportunities in Edge computing. Finally, several key tools for edge computing such as virtualization and resource management are explained.
Advances in Edge Computing: Massive Parallel Processing and Applications
Author: F. Xhafa
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1643680633
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 326
Book Description
The rapid advance of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has resulted in the number of IoT-connected devices growing exponentially, with billions of connected devices worldwide. While this development brings with it great opportunities for many fields of science, engineering, business and everyday life, it also presents challenges such as an architectural bottleneck – with a very large number of IoT devices connected to a rather small number of servers in Cloud data centers – and the problem of data deluge. Edge computing aims to alleviate the computational burden of the IoT for the Cloud by pushing some of the computations and logics of processing from the Cloud to the Edge of the Internet. It is becoming commonplace to allocate tasks and applications such as data filtering, classification, semantic enrichment and data aggregation to this layer, but to prevent this new layer from itself becoming another bottleneck for the whole computing stack from IoT to the Cloud, the Edge computing layer needs to be capable of implementing massively parallel and distributed algorithms efficiently. This book, Advances in Edge Computing: Massive Parallel Processing and Applications, addresses these challenges in 11 chapters. Subjects covered include: Fog storage software architecture; IoT-based crowdsourcing; the industrial Internet of Things; privacy issues; smart home management in the Cloud and the Fog; and a cloud robotic solution to assist medical applications. Providing an overview of developments in the field, the book will be of interest to all those working with the Internet of Things and Edge computing.
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1643680633
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 326
Book Description
The rapid advance of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has resulted in the number of IoT-connected devices growing exponentially, with billions of connected devices worldwide. While this development brings with it great opportunities for many fields of science, engineering, business and everyday life, it also presents challenges such as an architectural bottleneck – with a very large number of IoT devices connected to a rather small number of servers in Cloud data centers – and the problem of data deluge. Edge computing aims to alleviate the computational burden of the IoT for the Cloud by pushing some of the computations and logics of processing from the Cloud to the Edge of the Internet. It is becoming commonplace to allocate tasks and applications such as data filtering, classification, semantic enrichment and data aggregation to this layer, but to prevent this new layer from itself becoming another bottleneck for the whole computing stack from IoT to the Cloud, the Edge computing layer needs to be capable of implementing massively parallel and distributed algorithms efficiently. This book, Advances in Edge Computing: Massive Parallel Processing and Applications, addresses these challenges in 11 chapters. Subjects covered include: Fog storage software architecture; IoT-based crowdsourcing; the industrial Internet of Things; privacy issues; smart home management in the Cloud and the Fog; and a cloud robotic solution to assist medical applications. Providing an overview of developments in the field, the book will be of interest to all those working with the Internet of Things and Edge computing.
Cases on Edge Computing and Analytics
Author: Ambika, Paranthaman
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799848744
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 327
Book Description
Edge computing and analytics are fascinating the whole world of computing. Industry and business are keenly embracing this sound concept to develop customer-centric solutions by enhancing their operations, offerings, and outputs. There is a bevy of advancements in this domain that came with the arrival of IoT devices. The seamless convergence of microservices and serverless computing creates vast opportunities. With the help of IoT devices and these other developments, there has become a deep interest in business automation and additional improvisations in edge computing. With the steady growth of edge devices and applications of IoT fog/edge computing and analytics, there are also distinct challenges and threats. Research has been keenly focused on identifying and understanding these issues and shortcomings to bring viable solution approaches and algorithms. Cases on Edge Computing and Analytics describes the latest innovations, improvements, and transformations happening with edge devices and computing. It addresses the key concerns of the edge computing paradigm, how they are processed, and the various technologies and tools empowering edge computing and analytics. While highlighting topics within edge computing such as the key drivers for implementation, computing capabilities, security considerations, and use-cases, this book is ideal for IT industry professionals and project managers, computer scientists, computer engineers, and practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students looking for research on the latest trends and transitions in edge computing.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799848744
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 327
Book Description
Edge computing and analytics are fascinating the whole world of computing. Industry and business are keenly embracing this sound concept to develop customer-centric solutions by enhancing their operations, offerings, and outputs. There is a bevy of advancements in this domain that came with the arrival of IoT devices. The seamless convergence of microservices and serverless computing creates vast opportunities. With the help of IoT devices and these other developments, there has become a deep interest in business automation and additional improvisations in edge computing. With the steady growth of edge devices and applications of IoT fog/edge computing and analytics, there are also distinct challenges and threats. Research has been keenly focused on identifying and understanding these issues and shortcomings to bring viable solution approaches and algorithms. Cases on Edge Computing and Analytics describes the latest innovations, improvements, and transformations happening with edge devices and computing. It addresses the key concerns of the edge computing paradigm, how they are processed, and the various technologies and tools empowering edge computing and analytics. While highlighting topics within edge computing such as the key drivers for implementation, computing capabilities, security considerations, and use-cases, this book is ideal for IT industry professionals and project managers, computer scientists, computer engineers, and practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students looking for research on the latest trends and transitions in edge computing.
Mobile Edge Computing
Author: Yan Zhang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030839443
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 123
Book Description
This is an open access book. It offers comprehensive, self-contained knowledge on Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), which is a very promising technology for achieving intelligence in the next-generation wireless communications and computing networks.The book starts with the basic concepts, key techniques and network architectures of MEC. Then, we present the wide applications of MEC, including edge caching, 6G networks, Internet of Vehicles, and UAVs. In the last part, we present new opportunities when MEC meets blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, and distributed machine learning (e.g., federated learning). We also identify the emerging applications of MEC in pandemic, industrial Internet of Things and disaster management.The book allows an easy cross-reference owing to the broad coverage on both the principle and applications of MEC. The book is written for people interested in communications and computer networks at all levels. The primary audience includes senior undergraduates, postgraduates, educators, scientists, researchers, developers, engineers, innovators and research strategists.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030839443
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 123
Book Description
This is an open access book. It offers comprehensive, self-contained knowledge on Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), which is a very promising technology for achieving intelligence in the next-generation wireless communications and computing networks.The book starts with the basic concepts, key techniques and network architectures of MEC. Then, we present the wide applications of MEC, including edge caching, 6G networks, Internet of Vehicles, and UAVs. In the last part, we present new opportunities when MEC meets blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, and distributed machine learning (e.g., federated learning). We also identify the emerging applications of MEC in pandemic, industrial Internet of Things and disaster management.The book allows an easy cross-reference owing to the broad coverage on both the principle and applications of MEC. The book is written for people interested in communications and computer networks at all levels. The primary audience includes senior undergraduates, postgraduates, educators, scientists, researchers, developers, engineers, innovators and research strategists.
Fog and Edge Computing
Author: Rajkumar Buyya
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119524989
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
A comprehensive guide to Fog and Edge applications, architectures, and technologies Recent years have seen the explosive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT): the internet-connected network of devices that includes everything from personal electronics and home appliances to automobiles and industrial machinery. Responding to the ever-increasing bandwidth demands of the IoT, Fog and Edge computing concepts have developed to collect, analyze, and process data more efficiently than traditional cloud architecture. Fog and Edge Computing: Principles and Paradigms provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art applications and architectures driving this dynamic field of computing while highlighting potential research directions and emerging technologies. Exploring topics such as developing scalable architectures, moving from closed systems to open systems, and ethical issues rising from data sensing, this timely book addresses both the challenges and opportunities that Fog and Edge computing presents. Contributions from leading IoT experts discuss federating Edge resources, middleware design issues, data management and predictive analysis, smart transportation and surveillance applications, and more. A coordinated and integrated presentation of topics helps readers gain thorough knowledge of the foundations, applications, and issues that are central to Fog and Edge computing. This valuable resource: Provides insights on transitioning from current Cloud-centric and 4G/5G wireless environments to Fog Computing Examines methods to optimize virtualized, pooled, and shared resources Identifies potential technical challenges and offers suggestions for possible solutions Discusses major components of Fog and Edge computing architectures such as middleware, interaction protocols, and autonomic management Includes access to a website portal for advanced online resources Fog and Edge Computing: Principles and Paradigms is an essential source of up-to-date information for systems architects, developers, researchers, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in fields of computer science and engineering.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119524989
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
A comprehensive guide to Fog and Edge applications, architectures, and technologies Recent years have seen the explosive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT): the internet-connected network of devices that includes everything from personal electronics and home appliances to automobiles and industrial machinery. Responding to the ever-increasing bandwidth demands of the IoT, Fog and Edge computing concepts have developed to collect, analyze, and process data more efficiently than traditional cloud architecture. Fog and Edge Computing: Principles and Paradigms provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art applications and architectures driving this dynamic field of computing while highlighting potential research directions and emerging technologies. Exploring topics such as developing scalable architectures, moving from closed systems to open systems, and ethical issues rising from data sensing, this timely book addresses both the challenges and opportunities that Fog and Edge computing presents. Contributions from leading IoT experts discuss federating Edge resources, middleware design issues, data management and predictive analysis, smart transportation and surveillance applications, and more. A coordinated and integrated presentation of topics helps readers gain thorough knowledge of the foundations, applications, and issues that are central to Fog and Edge computing. This valuable resource: Provides insights on transitioning from current Cloud-centric and 4G/5G wireless environments to Fog Computing Examines methods to optimize virtualized, pooled, and shared resources Identifies potential technical challenges and offers suggestions for possible solutions Discusses major components of Fog and Edge computing architectures such as middleware, interaction protocols, and autonomic management Includes access to a website portal for advanced online resources Fog and Edge Computing: Principles and Paradigms is an essential source of up-to-date information for systems architects, developers, researchers, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in fields of computer science and engineering.
Research Anthology on Architectures, Frameworks, and Integration Strategies for Distributed and Cloud Computing
Author: Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799853403
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 2700
Book Description
Distributed systems intertwine with our everyday lives. The benefits and current shortcomings of the underpinning technologies are experienced by a wide range of people and their smart devices. With the rise of large-scale IoT and similar distributed systems, cloud bursting technologies, and partial outsourcing solutions, private entities are encouraged to increase their efficiency and offer unparalleled availability and reliability to their users. The Research Anthology on Architectures, Frameworks, and Integration Strategies for Distributed and Cloud Computing is a vital reference source that provides valuable insight into current and emergent research occurring within the field of distributed computing. It also presents architectures and service frameworks to achieve highly integrated distributed systems and solutions to integration and efficient management challenges faced by current and future distributed systems. Highlighting a range of topics such as data sharing, wireless sensor networks, and scalability, this multi-volume book is ideally designed for system administrators, integrators, designers, developers, researchers, academicians, and students.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799853403
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 2700
Book Description
Distributed systems intertwine with our everyday lives. The benefits and current shortcomings of the underpinning technologies are experienced by a wide range of people and their smart devices. With the rise of large-scale IoT and similar distributed systems, cloud bursting technologies, and partial outsourcing solutions, private entities are encouraged to increase their efficiency and offer unparalleled availability and reliability to their users. The Research Anthology on Architectures, Frameworks, and Integration Strategies for Distributed and Cloud Computing is a vital reference source that provides valuable insight into current and emergent research occurring within the field of distributed computing. It also presents architectures and service frameworks to achieve highly integrated distributed systems and solutions to integration and efficient management challenges faced by current and future distributed systems. Highlighting a range of topics such as data sharing, wireless sensor networks, and scalability, this multi-volume book is ideally designed for system administrators, integrators, designers, developers, researchers, academicians, and students.
Edge Computing and Capability-Oriented Architecture
Author: Haishi Bai
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000416925
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 177
Book Description
Fueled by ubiquitous computing ambitions, the edge is at the center of confluence of many emergent technological trends such as hardware-rooted trust and code integrity, 5G, data privacy and sovereignty, blockchains and distributed ledgers, ubiquitous sensors and drones, autonomous systems and real-time stream processing. Hardware and software pattern maturity have reached a tipping point so that scenarios like smart homes, smart factories, smart buildings, smart cities, smart grids, smart cars, smart highways are in reach of becoming a reality. While there is a great desire to bring born-in-the-cloud patterns and technologies such as zero-downtime software and hardware updates/upgrades to the edge, developers and operators alike face a unique set of challenges due to environmental differences such as resource constraints, network availability and heterogeneity of the environment. The first part of the book discusses various edge computing patterns which the authors have observed, and the reasons why these observations have led them to believe that there is a need for a new architectural paradigm for the new problem domain. Edge computing is examined from the app designer and architect’s perspectives. When they design for edge computing, they need a new design language that can help them to express how capabilities are discovered, delivered and consumed, and how to leverage these capabilities regardless of location and network connectivity. Capability-Oriented Architecture is designed to provide a framework for all of these. This book is for everyone who is interested in understanding what ubiquitous and edge computing means, why it is growing in importance and its opportunities to you as a technologist or decision maker. The book covers the broad spectrum of edge environments, their challenges and how you can address them as a developer or an operator. The book concludes with an introduction to a new architectural paradigm called capability-based architecture, which takes into consideration the capabilities provided by an edge environment. .
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000416925
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 177
Book Description
Fueled by ubiquitous computing ambitions, the edge is at the center of confluence of many emergent technological trends such as hardware-rooted trust and code integrity, 5G, data privacy and sovereignty, blockchains and distributed ledgers, ubiquitous sensors and drones, autonomous systems and real-time stream processing. Hardware and software pattern maturity have reached a tipping point so that scenarios like smart homes, smart factories, smart buildings, smart cities, smart grids, smart cars, smart highways are in reach of becoming a reality. While there is a great desire to bring born-in-the-cloud patterns and technologies such as zero-downtime software and hardware updates/upgrades to the edge, developers and operators alike face a unique set of challenges due to environmental differences such as resource constraints, network availability and heterogeneity of the environment. The first part of the book discusses various edge computing patterns which the authors have observed, and the reasons why these observations have led them to believe that there is a need for a new architectural paradigm for the new problem domain. Edge computing is examined from the app designer and architect’s perspectives. When they design for edge computing, they need a new design language that can help them to express how capabilities are discovered, delivered and consumed, and how to leverage these capabilities regardless of location and network connectivity. Capability-Oriented Architecture is designed to provide a framework for all of these. This book is for everyone who is interested in understanding what ubiquitous and edge computing means, why it is growing in importance and its opportunities to you as a technologist or decision maker. The book covers the broad spectrum of edge environments, their challenges and how you can address them as a developer or an operator. The book concludes with an introduction to a new architectural paradigm called capability-based architecture, which takes into consideration the capabilities provided by an edge environment. .