Computational Discovery of Scientific Knowledge PDF Download

Author: Saso Dzeroski
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354073919X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 333

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Book Description
This survey provides an introduction to computational approaches to the discovery of communicable scientific knowledge and details recent advances. It is partly inspired by the contributions of the International Symposium on Computational Discovery of Communicable Knowledge, held in Stanford, CA, USA in March 2001, a number of additional invited contributions provide coverage of recent research in computational discovery.

Author: Pat Langley
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262620529
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 374

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Book Description
Scientific discovery is often regarded as romantic and creative--and hence unanalyzable--whereas the everyday process of verifying discoveries is sober and more suited to analysis. Yet this fascinating exploration of how scientific work proceeds argues that however sudden the moment of discovery may seem, the discovery process can be described and modeled. Using the methods and concepts of contemporary information-processing psychology (or cognitive science) the authors develop a series of artificial-intelligence programs that can simulate the human thought processes used to discover scientific laws. The programs--BACON, DALTON, GLAUBER, and STAHL--are all largely data-driven, that is, when presented with series of chemical or physical measurements they search for uniformities and linking elements, generating and checking hypotheses and creating new concepts as they go along. Scientific Discovery examines the nature of scientific research and reviews the arguments for and against a normative theory of discovery; describes the evolution of the BACON programs, which discover quantitative empirical laws and invent new concepts; presents programs that discover laws in qualitative and quantitative data; and ties the results together, suggesting how a combined and extended program might find research problems, invent new instruments, and invent appropriate problem representations. Numerous prominent historical examples of discoveries from physics and chemistry are used as tests for the programs and anchor the discussion concretely in the history of science.

Author: Saso Dzeroski
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783540841609
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 327

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Book Description
This survey provides an introduction to computational approaches to the discovery of communicable scientific knowledge and details recent advances. It is partly inspired by the contributions of the International Symposium on Computational Discovery of Communicable Knowledge, held in Stanford, CA, USA in March 2001, a number of additional invited contributions provide coverage of recent research in computational discovery.

Author: Paul Thagard
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262700481
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 260

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Book Description
By applying research in artificial intelligence to problems in the philosophy of science, Paul Thagard develops an exciting new approach to the study of scientific reasoning. This approach uses computational ideas to shed light on how scientific theories are discovered, evaluated, and used in explanations. Thagard describes a detailed computational model of problem solving and discovery that provides a conceptually rich yet rigorous alternative to accounts of scientific knowledge based on formal logic, and he uses it to illuminate such topics as the nature of concepts, hypothesis formation, analogy, and theory justification.

Author: Mohamed Medhat Gaber
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642027881
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 398

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Book Description
Mohamed Medhat Gaber “It is not my aim to surprise or shock you – but the simplest way I can summarise is to say that there are now in the world machines that think, that learn and that create. Moreover, their ability to do these things is going to increase rapidly until – in a visible future – the range of problems they can handle will be coextensive with the range to which the human mind has been applied” by Herbert A. Simon (1916-2001) 1Overview This book suits both graduate students and researchers with a focus on discovering knowledge from scienti c data. The use of computational power for data analysis and knowledge discovery in scienti c disciplines has found its roots with the re- lution of high-performance computing systems. Computational science in physics, chemistry, and biology represents the rst step towards automation of data analysis tasks. The rational behind the developmentof computationalscience in different - eas was automating mathematical operations performed in those areas. There was no attention paid to the scienti c discovery process. Automated Scienti c Disc- ery (ASD) [1–3] represents the second natural step. ASD attempted to automate the process of theory discovery supported by studies in philosophy of science and cognitive sciences. Although early research articles have shown great successes, the area has not evolved due to many reasons. The most important reason was the lack of interaction between scientists and the automating systems.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309486165
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 257

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Book Description
One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.

Author: Joan Y. Chiao
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040003508
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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Book Description
This book provides novel insights into the study of empirical computational approaches in the field of cultural neuroscience. It discusses and analyses topics such as cultural intelligence, cultural machine learning, cultural brain dynamics and cultural security. This comprehensive text engages with computational principles to guide the research on the influence of cultural environments on human genetics. It explores the theoretical and methodological approaches involved in computational neuroscience. The author elucidates how cultural processes intersect with the structural organization of the nervous system, contributing to the study of computational principles and neural information-processing mechanisms at the cultural level. Research in this subject area can help provide better understanding of the role of computation in cultural neuroscience, stimulating further research into practice and policy. Computational Cultural Neuroscience: An Introduction is the ideal resource for academics, researchers and students of psychology, neuroscience, computer science or philosophy, who are interested in cultural neuroscience.

Author: L. Magnani
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401005508
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 345

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Book Description
Information technology has been, in recent years, under increasing commercial pressure to provide devices and systems which help/ replace the human in his daily activity. This pressure requires the use of logic as the underlying foundational workhorse of the area. New logics were developed as the need arose and new foci and balance has evolved within logic itself. One aspect of these new trends in logic is the rising impor tance of model based reasoning. Logics have become more and more tailored to applications and their reasoning has become more and more application dependent. In fact, some years ago, I myself coined the phrase "direct deductive reasoning in application areas", advocating the methodology of model-based reasoning in the strongest possible terms. Certainly my discipline of Labelled Deductive Systems allows to bring "pieces" of the application areas as "labels" into the logic. I therefore heartily welcome this important book to Volume 25 of the Applied Logic Series and see it as an important contribution in our overall coverage of applied logic.

Author: Mark Addis
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030237699
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 192

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Book Description
This volume offers selected papers exploring issues arising from scientific discovery in the social sciences. It features a range of disciplines including behavioural sciences, computer science, finance, and statistics with an emphasis on philosophy. The first of the three parts examines methods of social scientific discovery. Chapters investigate the nature of causal analysis, philosophical issues around scale development in behavioural science research, imagination in social scientific practice, and relationships between paradigms of inquiry and scientific fraud. The next part considers the practice of social science discovery. Chapters discuss the lack of genuine scientific discovery in finance where hypotheses concern the cheapness of securities, the logic of scientific discovery in macroeconomics, and the nature of that what discovery with the Solidarity movement as a case study. The final part covers formalising theories in social science. Chapters analyse the abstract model theory of institutions as a way of representing the structure of scientific theories, the semi-automatic generation of cognitive science theories, and computational process models in the social sciences. The volume offers a unique perspective on scientific discovery in the social sciences. It will engage scholars and students with a multidisciplinary interest in the philosophy of science and social science.

Author: Xiaoling Shu
Publisher: University of California Press
ISBN: 0520339991
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 263

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Book Description
Knowledge Discovery in the Social Sciences helps readers find valid, meaningful, and useful information. It is written for researchers and data analysts as well as students who have no prior experience in statistics or computer science. Suitable for a variety of classes—including upper-division courses for undergraduates, introductory courses for graduate students, and courses in data management and advanced statistical methods—the book guides readers in the application of data mining techniques and illustrates the significance of newly discovered knowledge. Readers will learn to: • appreciate the role of data mining in scientific research • develop an understanding of fundamental concepts of data mining and knowledge discovery • use software to carry out data mining tasks • select and assess appropriate models to ensure findings are valid and meaningful • develop basic skills in data preparation, data mining, model selection, and validation • apply concepts with end-of-chapter exercises and review summaries