Complex Dynamics in Physiological Systems: From Heart to Brain PDF Download

Author: Syamal K. Dana
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402091435
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 272

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Book Description
Nonlinear dynamics has become an important field of research in recent years in many areas of the natural sciences. In particular, it has potential applications in biology and medicine; nonlinear data analysis has helped to detect the progress of cardiac disease, physiological disorders, for example episodes of epilepsy, and others. This book focuses on the current trends of research concerning the prediction of sudden cardiac death and the onset of epileptic seizures, using the nonlinear analysis based on ECG and EEG data. Topics covered include the analysis of cardiac models and neural models. The book is a collection of recent research papers by leading physicists, mathematicians, cardiologists and neurobiologists who are actively involved in using the concepts of nonlinear dynamics to explore the functional behaviours of heart and brain under normal and pathological conditions. This collection is intended for students in physics, mathematics and medical sciences, and researchers in interdisciplinary areas of physics and biology.

Author: Roland N. Pittman
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615047212
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 117

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Book Description
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309069882
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 610

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Book Description
How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

Author: Plamen Ch. Ivanov
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889714357
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 842

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Author: Paul Bogdan
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889635317
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180

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Book Description
Widespread chronic diseases (e.g., heart diseases, diabetes and its complications, stroke, cancer, brain diseases) constitute a significant cause of rising healthcare costs and pose a significant burden on quality-of-life for many individuals. Despite the increased need for smart healthcare sensing systems that monitor / measure patients’ body balance, there is no coherent theory that facilitates the modeling of human physiological processes and the design and optimization of future healthcare cyber-physical systems (HCPS). The HCPS are expected to mine the patient’s physiological state based on available continuous sensing, quantify risk indices corresponding to the onset of abnormality, signal the need for critical medical intervention in real-time by communicating patient’s medical information via a network from individual to hospital, and most importantly control (actuate) vital health signals (e.g., cardiac pacing, insulin level, blood pressure) within personalized homeostasis. To prevent health complications, maintain good health and/or avoid fatal conditions calls for a cross-disciplinary approach to HCPS design where recent statistical-physics inspired discoveries done by collaborations between physicists and physicians are shared and enriched by applied mathematicians, control theorists and bioengineers. This critical and urgent multi-disciplinary approach has to unify the current state of knowledge and address the following fundamental challenges: One fundamental challenge is represented by the need to mine and understand the complexity of the structure and dynamics of the physiological systems in healthy homeostasis and associated with a disease (such as diabetes). Along the same lines, we need rigorous mathematical techniques for identifying the interactions between integrated physiologic systems and understanding their role within the overall networking architecture of healthy dynamics. Another fundamental challenge calls for a deeper understanding of stochastic feedback and variability in biological systems and physiological processes, in particular, and for deciphering their implications not only on how to mathematically characterize homeostasis, but also on defining new control strategies that are accounting for intra- and inter-patient specificity – a truly mathematical approach to personalized medicine. Numerous recent studies have demonstrated that heart rate variability, blood glucose, neural signals and other interdependent physiological processes demonstrate fractal and non-stationary characteristics. Exploiting statistical physics concepts, numerous recent research studies demonstrated that healthy human physiological processes exhibit complex critical phenomena with deep implications for how homeostasis should be defined and how control strategies should be developed when prolonged abnormal deviations are observed. In addition, several efforts have tried to connect these fractal characteristics with new optimal control strategies that implemented in medical devices such as pacemakers and artificial pancreas could improve the efficiency of medical therapies and the quality-of-life of patients but neglecting the overall networking architecture of human physiology. Consequently, rigorously analyzing the complexity and dynamics of physiological processes (e.g., blood glucose and its associated implications and interdependencies with other physiological processes) represents a fundamental step towards providing a quantifiable (mathematical) definition of homeostasis in the context of critical phenomena, understanding the onset of chronic diseases, predicting deviations from healthy homeostasis and developing new more efficient medical therapies that carefully account for the physiological complexity, intra- and inter-patient variability, rather than ignoring it. This Research Topic aims to open a synergetic and timely effort between physicians, physicists, applied mathematicians, signal processing, bioengineering and biomedical experts to organize the state of knowledge in mining the complexity of physiological systems and their implications for constructing more accurate mathematical models and designing QoL-aware control strategies implemented in the new generation of HCPS devices. By bringing together multi-disciplinary researchers seeking to understand the many aspects of human physiology and its complexity, we aim at enabling a paradigm shift in designing future medical devices that translates mathematical characteristics in predictable mathematical models quantifying not only the degree of homeostasis, but also providing fundamentally new control strategies within the personalized medicine era.

Author: James B Bassingthwaighte
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1461475724
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 371

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Book Description
I know that most men, including those at ease with the problems of the greatest complexity, can seldom accept even the simplest and most obvious truth if it be such as would oblige them to admit the falsity of conclusions which they have delighted in explaining to colleagues, which they have proudly taught to others, and which they have woven, thread by thread, into the fabric of their lives. Joseph Ford quoting Tolstoy (Gleick, 1987) We are used to thinking that natural objects have a certain form and that this form is determined by a characteristic scale. If we magnify the object beyond this scale, no new features are revealed. To correctly measure the properties of the object, such as length, area, or volume, we measure it at a resolution finer than the characteristic scale of the object. We expect that the value we measure has a unique value for the object. This simple idea is the basis of the calculus, Euclidean geometry, and the theory of measurement. However, Mandelbrot (1977, 1983) brought to the world's attention that many natural objects simply do not have this preconceived form. Many of the structures in space and processes in time of living things have a very different form. Living things have structures in space and fluctuations in time that cannot be characterized by one spatial or temporal scale. They extend over many spatial or temporal scales.

Author: Rahul Banerjee
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080557198
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 287

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Book Description
The phenomenon of consciousness has always been a central question for philosophers and scientists. Emerging in the past decade are new approaches to the understanding of consciousness in a scientific light. This book presents a series of essays by leading thinkers giving an account of the current ideas prevalent in the scientific study of consciousness. The value of the book lies in the discussion of this interesting though complex subject from different points of view ranging from physics and computer science to the cognitive sciences. Reviews of controversial ideas related to the philosophy of mind from western and eastern sources including classical Indian first person methodologies provide a breadth of coverage that has seldom been attempted in a book before. Additionally, chapters relating to the new approaches in computational modeling of higher order cognitive function and consciousness are included. The book is of great value for established as well as young researchers from a wide cross-section of interdisciplinary scientific backgrounds, aiming to pursue research in this field, as well as an informed public. - Presents the latest developments in the scientific study of consciousness - Critically reviews different theoretical and philosophical explanations related to the subject - An important book for both students and researchers in designing research projects on consciousness

Author: Michitoshi Inoue
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 4431683674
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 330

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Book Description
Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.

Author: Paolo Castiglioni
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039433687
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 296

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Book Description
Complexity is a ubiquitous phenomenon in physiology that allows living systems to adapt to external perturbations. Fractal structures, self-organization, nonlinearity, interactions at different scales, and interconnections among systems through anatomical and functional networks, may originate complexity. Biomedical signals from physiological systems may carry information about the system complexity useful to identify physiological states, monitor health, and predict pathological events. Therefore, complexity analysis of biomedical signals is a rapidly evolving field aimed at extracting information on the physiological systems. This book consists of 16 contributions from authors with a strong scientific background in biomedical signals analysis. It includes reviews on the state-of-the-art of complexity studies in specific medical applications, new methods to improve complexity quantifiers, and novel complexity analyses in physiological or clinical scenarios. It presents a wide spectrum of methods investigating the entropic properties, multifractal structure, self-organized criticality, and information dynamics of biomedical signals touching upon three physiological areas: the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, the heart-brain interactions. The book is aimed at experienced researchers in signal analysis and presents the latest trends in the complexity methods in physiology and medicine with the hope of inspiring future works advancing this fascinating area of research.

Author: Vincenzo Catrambone
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030799344
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 236

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Book Description
This monograph offers a cross-system exchange and cross-modality investigation into brain-heart interplay. Brain-Heart Interplay (BHI) is a highly interdisciplinary scientific topic, which spreads from the physiology of the Central/Autonomous Nervous Systems, especially Central Autonomic Network, to advanced signal processing and modeling for its activity quantification. Motivated by clinical evidence and supported by recent findings in neurophysiology, this monograph first explores the definition of basic Brain-Heart Interplay quantifiers, and then moves onto advanced methods for the assessment of health and disease states. Non-invasive use of brain monitoring techniques, including electroencephalogram and function Magnetic Resonance Imaging, will be described together with heartbeat dynamics monitoring through pulseoximeter and ECG signals. The audience of this book comprises especially of biomedical engineers and medical doctors with expertise in statistics and/or signal processing. Researchers in the fields of cardiology, neurology, psychiatry, and neuroscience in general may be interested as well.