Comparison of Energy Efficiency, Emissions, and Costs of Internal Combustion and Fuel Cell Vehicles Operating on Various Fuels PDF Download

Author: Christine Pilar Lopez Picazo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 117

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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309373913
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 812

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The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

Author: Simon Kröger
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346359115
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 88

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Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 1,0, University of Mannheim (Chair of Business Administration and Accounting), language: English, abstract: Transportation is the source of 25% of the EU-27 greenhouse gas emissions. Specifically, cars are responsible for around 12% of the EU-27 emissions of carbon. Additionally, emissions from the transport sector have increased continuously since 2014. Therefore, the reduction of emissions from the transport sector is an integral element of the EU climate and energy policy to comply with the Paris Agreement. The electrification of the transport sector offers the opportunity to utilize the increasing share of renewable energy generation. Thus, scholars believe that electric vehicles, such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), have the potential to lower emissions and contribute to the transformation of the mobility sector. However, the breakthrough of electric vehicles still faces several barriers. Perhaps the most significant barrier appears to be the public's general consensus that electric drivetrains are more expensive than conventional drives. However, the literature suggests that electric vehicles might already be more cost-efficient than comparable conventional drives. Yet, the cost-benefits are mostly non-transparent to consumers as they put too much weight on the high initial investment costs compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and underestimate the cost savings through lower operating costs. In order to overcome this misjudgment and to help consumers make more profound purchasing decisions, the literature suggests the total cost of ownership (TCO) approach, which includes both investment and operating costs over the ownership period. This study aims to compare the consumer-oriented TCO for different drivetrains of private transport vehicles in Germany. Although the transportation sector emits 19% of Germany’s greenhouse gases, electric vehicles only account for 17% of the newly registered vehicles in the first half of 2020. As a result, the German government approved an increase in subsidies for the purchase of electric vehicles in June 2020 to promote the attractiveness of more environmentally friendly vehicles. Against that background, this study investigates whether conventional drives still exhibit a financial advantage over electric vehicles. For that purpose, this study compares the TCO of BEVs, PHEVs, HEVs, FCEVs as well as petrol and diesel ICEVs.

Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 376

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Author: StoryBuddiesPlay
Publisher: StoryBuddiesPlay
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Dive into the Clean Energy Revolution with Hydrogen Fuel: A Comprehensive Guide As the world grapples with the urgent need to combat climate change, hydrogen fuel emerges as a beacon of hope. This versatile energy carrier holds immense potential to power a cleaner, more sustainable future across various sectors. Discover the Advantages of Hydrogen Fuel: Zero-Emission Operation: Unlike traditional fossil fuels, hydrogen fuel cells produce only water vapor as a byproduct, significantly improving air quality and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. High Efficiency: Fuel cells convert a higher percentage of chemical energy directly into electricity compared to combustion engines, leading to lower energy consumption and reduced environmental impact. Long Range and Rapid Refueling: Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) offer a driving range comparable to gasoline cars, with refueling times similar to filling a gasoline tank, making them convenient for long-distance travel. Quiet and Smooth Performance: Fuel cells operate silently, providing a more peaceful driving experience and reducing noise pollution in urban areas. Beyond Transportation: Hydrogen's applications extend to stationary power generation, industrial processes, and even maritime and aviation sectors, offering a versatile clean energy solution. Explore the Future of Transportation with Hydrogen Cars: Cleaner Air for Everyone: Widespread adoption of FCVs can significantly reduce tailpipe emissions, leading to cleaner air, improved public health, and a healthier planet. Sustainable Long-Distance Travel: With a range and refueling times comparable to gasoline cars, FCVs offer a viable alternative for long-distance journeys without compromising on convenience. Performance and Enjoyment: Hydrogen cars deliver instant torque and smooth acceleration, providing a responsive and enjoyable driving experience. Unveiling the Technology Behind Hydrogen Fuel Cells: Electrochemical Power: Fuel cells function like tiny power plants, converting the chemical energy stored in hydrogen directly into electricity through an electrochemical reaction. Types of Fuel Cells: Different fuel cell technologies exist, each with its own characteristics and applications, including PEMFCs for vehicles and SOFCs for stationary power generation. Challenges and Opportunities on the Road to a Hydrogen Economy: Overcoming Infrastructure Hurdles: Building a network of hydrogen refueling stations is crucial for widespread adoption, requiring significant investment and infrastructure development. Cost Reduction and Technological Advancements: Continued research and development are essential to improve the affordability and efficiency of fuel cell technology, storage solutions, and clean hydrogen production methods. Collaboration is Key: Governments, industries, research institutions, and individuals all play a vital role in fostering innovation, creating policy frameworks, and driving consumer adoption. Embrace a Sustainable Future Powered by Hydrogen: By working together, we can unlock the immense potential of hydrogen as a clean energy solution. This collaborative effort holds the key to a cleaner world, a diversified energy landscape, and a future powered by the most abundant element in the universe. Join the Hydrogen Revolution: Advocate for Policy Changes: Support policies that incentivize hydrogen adoption and infrastructure development. Choose Hydrogen-Powered Options: When available, opt for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles or appliances to demonstrate consumer demand and encourage further development. Spread Awareness: Educate others about the benefits of hydrogen to build public support for this clean energy solution. With a commitment to innovation and collaboration, hydrogen fuel has the potential to revolutionize the way we power our world, paving the way for a brighter and more sustainable tomorrow.

Author: Ibrahim Dincer
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128149256
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 5543

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Comprehensive Energy Systems, Seven Volume Set provides a unified source of information covering the entire spectrum of energy, one of the most significant issues humanity has to face. This comprehensive book describes traditional and novel energy systems, from single generation to multi-generation, also covering theory and applications. In addition, it also presents high-level coverage on energy policies, strategies, environmental impacts and sustainable development. No other published work covers such breadth of topics in similar depth. High-level sections include Energy Fundamentals, Energy Materials, Energy Production, Energy Conversion, and Energy Management. Offers the most comprehensive resource available on the topic of energy systems Presents an authoritative resource authored and edited by leading experts in the field Consolidates information currently scattered in publications from different research fields (engineering as well as physics, chemistry, environmental sciences and economics), thus ensuring a common standard and language

Author: Mark L. Poulton
Publisher: WIT Press (UK)
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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"The many alternative fuels that have been reviewed in this book are likely to be of great interest to a broad readership, not only to mechanical, petrochemical and transportation engineers, but anyone with a technical association with the subject. The book covers fuels for the motor vehicle and how they may develop and change in the future. Prospects for conventional petrol and diesel fuels are discussed, including their reformulation, as well as synthetic fuels, vegetable oils and other biofuels, alcohols, gases (LPG, natural gas and hydrogen) and electricity." "This book has been published as a consequence of a programme of study, commissioned by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office at the UK Department of Transport, into the contribution of the road vehicle to global warming. A programme of research was placed with the Environment Centre of the Transport Research Laboratory, and one of the individual projects was to investigate the future prospects for conventional and alternative fuels for road vehicles. Implications for the energy and emissions from the whole fuel cycle (from production to distribution and final usage) were considered, but, more importantly, the vehicular fuel consumption (and consequent carbon dioxide emissions) and exhaust emission characteristics were the primary focus of attention." "The structure of this book is such that each chapter describes a particular alternative fuel and is completely self-contained. The reader will be able to cover a particular subject that is of interest without having to refer to other chapters to gain a full understanding of the fuel's characteristics, notable developments and demonstration programmes underway worldwide. One chapter (chapter 10) does provide an overview and inter-comparison of all the fuels discussed, including point-of-use and life cycle emissions, global warming impacts, fuel storage implications and likely costs." "Future advances in conventional engines and the development of alternative power units are discussed in the companion volume to this book, Alternative Engines for Road Vehicles. The future prospects for a range of engines, including conventional petrol and diesel-fuelled units (covering technologies such as two-stroke, lean burn and stratified charge), the rotary engine, gas turbine, Stirling, Rankine (steam engine) and hybrids are assessed for their potential to reduce vehicle emissions and improve fuel economy. Other less well known concepts such as catalytic combustion, the Quadratic (beam) engine, stepped piston and other engine efficiency techniques are also reviewed." --Book Jacket.

Author: Bruce Morey
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN: 0768080320
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 110

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This book sheds light on three essential questions: 1. What is the likely supply of gasoline and diesel from oil worldwide to power light vehicles and trucks through 2030-2035? 2. Could any other fuel economically replace gasoline? Will different parts of the world answer that question differently? 3. How will the answers to these questions affect what we engineer, make, and drive in 2030–2035? As difficult as it is to predict timing of these events, the book presents reasonable assumptions and alternative scenarios. Since a switch to alternative technologies will require substantial investment, it is critical to have a sense of when. Despite the global reach of the automotive industry, it is unlikely that a solution for one region will fit all. A more reasonable goal is a set of projected ‘ecosystems’ using differing amounts of oil, electricity, or alternative fuels. From this, automotive managers and leaders can get a sense of how to make business decisions for the future. To frame comparisons, the author qualitatively assesses each alternative against these criteria: 1. energy density 2. scale 3. efficiency of use 4. consumer convenience 5. vehicle technical maturity 6. delivery infrastructure maturity 7. production infrastructure maturity 8. rate of progress Some alternative fuels will naturally be higher in some categories than others. For example, gasoline has higher energy density but when burned in internal combustion engines, has low efficiency. Batteries, on the other hand, have low energy density but are efficient for powering electric motors. For mapping out a long-term future and deciding how best to invest resources, a comparison of these critical criteria should help. The book is concisely written for executives, decision-makers, academics, automotive engineers and others who want or need a long-range view of trends that will influence vehicle fuels for the next 20 years.

Author: Don H. Pickrell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alternative fuel vehicles
Languages : en
Pages : 80

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Traffic safety
Languages : en
Pages : 968

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