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Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 9780309103879 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 460
Book Description
Natural and human-induced changes in Earth's interior, land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans affect all aspects of life. Understanding these changes requires a range of observations acquired from land-, sea-, air-, and space-based platforms. To assist NASA, NOAA, and USGS in developing these tools, the NRC was asked to carry out a "decadal strategy" survey of Earth science and applications from space that would develop the key scientific questions on which to focus Earth and environmental observations in the period 2005-2015 and beyond, and present a prioritized list of space programs, missions, and supporting activities to address these questions. This report presents a vision for the Earth science program; an analysis of the existing Earth Observing System and recommendations to help restore its capabilities; an assessment of and recommendations for new observations and missions for the next decade; an examination of and recommendations for effective application of those observations; and an analysis of how best to sustain that observation and applications system.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 9780309103879 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 460
Book Description
Natural and human-induced changes in Earth's interior, land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans affect all aspects of life. Understanding these changes requires a range of observations acquired from land-, sea-, air-, and space-based platforms. To assist NASA, NOAA, and USGS in developing these tools, the NRC was asked to carry out a "decadal strategy" survey of Earth science and applications from space that would develop the key scientific questions on which to focus Earth and environmental observations in the period 2005-2015 and beyond, and present a prioritized list of space programs, missions, and supporting activities to address these questions. This report presents a vision for the Earth science program; an analysis of the existing Earth Observing System and recommendations to help restore its capabilities; an assessment of and recommendations for new observations and missions for the next decade; an examination of and recommendations for effective application of those observations; and an analysis of how best to sustain that observation and applications system.
Author: Hans von Storch Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139425099 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 979
Book Description
Climatology is, to a large degree, the study of the statistics of our climate. The powerful tools of mathematical statistics therefore find wide application in climatological research. The purpose of this book is to help the climatologist understand the basic precepts of the statistician's art and to provide some of the background needed to apply statistical methodology correctly and usefully. The book is self contained: introductory material, standard advanced techniques, and the specialised techniques used specifically by climatologists are all contained within this one source. There are a wealth of real-world examples drawn from the climate literature to demonstrate the need, power and pitfalls of statistical analysis in climate research. Suitable for graduate courses on statistics for climatic, atmospheric and oceanic science, this book will also be valuable as a reference source for researchers in climatology, meteorology, atmospheric science, and oceanography.
Author: Canada. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ecosystem management Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
The Wolf Creek Research Basin project was initiated in 1992 to provide a dedicated site to carry out applied research in the Yukon sub-Arctic. The project used an ecosystem approach through contaminants, waste, water, and environment/economy integration. This report describes the Wolf Creek area, the project's objectives, the background to the project's establishment, and research activities in 1992/93, 1993/94, and 1994/95. Research projects included watershed characterization, water quality monitoring, snow and vegetation survey, streamflow monitoring, snowpack monitoring, wind redistribution of snow, snow accumulation and depletion, snowmelt, evapotranspiration, and runoff modelling.
Author: Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080454925 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 587
Book Description
This book deals with the practice of Optical Radiation Measurements with introductory material to introduce the topics discussed. It will be most useful for students, scientists and engineers working in any academic, industrial or governmental projects related to optical radiation. The book contains chapters that treat in detail the procedures and techniques for the characterization of both sources and detectors to the highest degree of accuracy and reliability. It has a chapter devoted specifically to optical measurements of laser sources and fiberoptics for communication and a chapter devoted to uncertainty in measurement and its treatment with real examples of optical measurements. The book contains introductory materials that will allow a newcomer to radiometry to develop the expertise to perform exacting and accurate measurement. The authors stress the various causes of uncertainty in each phase of a measurement and thus allow for users to arrive at a correct assessment of their uncertainty of measurement in their particular circumstance.· Authors are from the Standards laboratories of AUSTRALIA, CANADA, ENGLAND, GERMANY and the USA.· Latest techniques and practice of laboratory measurements to achieve the highest accuracy in the use of sources or detectors.· Unique illustrations of the apparatus and measurement techniques.· Practical measurement examples of calibration with full uncertainty analysis.· Comprehensive treatment of optical standards such as sources, detectors and radiometers. · A complete chapter on laser power measurements and standards for fiber optic measurements· A complete chapter on correlations in radiometry and practical examples.· A chapter devoted to diffraction effects in radiometry
Author: Ghassem R. Asrar Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400766920 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 506
Book Description
This volume offers a comprehensive survey and a close analysis of efforts to develop actionable climate information in support of vital decisions for climate adaptation, risk management and policy. Arising from submissions and discussion at the 2011 Open Science Conference (OSC) of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP), the book addresses research and intellectual challenges which span the full range of Program activities.
Author: Irving L. Kofsky Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
Nuclear infrared-backgrounds simulation data from excitation of the upper atmosphere by auroral particles and 3 kV electron beams from DNA/AFGL's EXCEDE: Spectral rocket are analyzed and interpreted. The delay of 2.8 - 3.1 micro radiation output from greater 1BC 11 aurora calculated by a cross-correlation method from aircraft measurements by instruments with footprint less than 1 km has an average value of 2 sec and (like the previously-measured energy conversion yields) appears to increase with the height of the maximum of the energy deposition rate profile. Fits of radiance data from moving arcs to a simple model of vibrational-bands emission from nitric oxide result in exponential predosing time constants between 1 1/2 and 2 1/2 sec, in qualitative agreement with current aerochemistry models. Volume emission rate distributions of the blue-violet air fluorescence within 20 m of EXCEDE's accelerator were unfolded from radiometric photographs taken at characteristic ejection altitudes from onboard. This emission decreases very rapidly away from the rocket, and transverse to the beam axis fits gaussian whose width first increases and then decreases. The measured excitation patterns, which cannot be fully attributed to outgassing from the vehicle, are interpreted in terms of a recent theoretical treatment of discharge initiation and electron heating resulting from an interaction between the charged beam and the local plasma it creates.
Author: R. G. Walker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Infrared horizon sensors Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
Radiance measurements of the Earth's horizon in three infrared spectral regions were made during two Aerobee rocket flights at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. Preliminary results indicate equivalent blackbody radiation temperatures in the CO2 band (14.0 - 15.6 microns) varied from 231K to 239K; in the atmospheric window region (10.2 - 11.8 microns) from 205K to 287K; and in the rotational water vapor band (19.5 - 31.8 microns) from 206K to 239K. Numerous dropouts due to clouds are apparent in the atmospheric window and water vapor bands, while no such effect is evident in the CO2 band. The infrared radiometer, stellar aspect sensor and vehicle attitude control system are described, and actual traces of the horizon profiles and outputs from the stellar aspect system are included. (Author).
Author: National Research Council
Author: National Research Council
Author: Hans von Storch
Author: Canada. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
Author: 
Author: Ghassem R. Asrar
Author: Irving L. Kofsky
Author: R. G. Walker