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Author: Michael John Merten Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 302
Book Description
This study explores both factors influencing obesity among adolescents as well as social and mental health consequences of obesity in young adulthood. Specifically this study investigates the influence of structural community adversity, family, and individual factors on parental general physical health and adolescent obesity. The findings generally support the hypothesized additive and multiplicative association of these factors with parental physical health outcomes and adolescent obesity. Community and family disadvantages uniquely influence the risk of poor general physical health among parents. Poor parental general health in turn is associated with adolescent obesity. Findings also suggest that the influence of community adversity on parental general physical health is more pronounced for Whites compared to any other ethnic group. Family characteristics and individual characteristics, such as physical activity and inactivity as well as adolescent eating behaviors were significant contributors to adolescent obesity, independent of structural community adversity. Structural community adversity, family, and individual level influences on parental physical health and adolescent obesity emphasize the need for intervention programs to support disadvantaged youth and their families. In addition to the community, family and individual level predictors of obesity, this study investigates the seldom studied educational, economic, and social consequences that obese adolescents encounter as they become young adults. The findings support the notion that being obese/overweight during adolescence has a detrimental influence on a wide range of non-physical life domains. Obese/overweight adolescents are at an increased risk for a lower level of educational attainment and involvement in early sexual activities than normal weight adolescents. In addition, obese/overweight adolescents have higher levels of economic hardship and depressive symptoms in young adulthood. However, results indicate that the influence of adolescent obesity/overweight is moderated by gender. Specifically, males do not suffer the educational, economic, and social detrimental effects of obesity/overweight to the same degree as females. Obese/overweight females suffer much more than obese/overweight males in terms of societal outcomes. In addition, detrimental consequences of obesity on social outcomes also vary by ethnicity, with obese Whites being most susceptible.
Author: Michael John Merten Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 302
Book Description
This study explores both factors influencing obesity among adolescents as well as social and mental health consequences of obesity in young adulthood. Specifically this study investigates the influence of structural community adversity, family, and individual factors on parental general physical health and adolescent obesity. The findings generally support the hypothesized additive and multiplicative association of these factors with parental physical health outcomes and adolescent obesity. Community and family disadvantages uniquely influence the risk of poor general physical health among parents. Poor parental general health in turn is associated with adolescent obesity. Findings also suggest that the influence of community adversity on parental general physical health is more pronounced for Whites compared to any other ethnic group. Family characteristics and individual characteristics, such as physical activity and inactivity as well as adolescent eating behaviors were significant contributors to adolescent obesity, independent of structural community adversity. Structural community adversity, family, and individual level influences on parental physical health and adolescent obesity emphasize the need for intervention programs to support disadvantaged youth and their families. In addition to the community, family and individual level predictors of obesity, this study investigates the seldom studied educational, economic, and social consequences that obese adolescents encounter as they become young adults. The findings support the notion that being obese/overweight during adolescence has a detrimental influence on a wide range of non-physical life domains. Obese/overweight adolescents are at an increased risk for a lower level of educational attainment and involvement in early sexual activities than normal weight adolescents. In addition, obese/overweight adolescents have higher levels of economic hardship and depressive symptoms in young adulthood. However, results indicate that the influence of adolescent obesity/overweight is moderated by gender. Specifically, males do not suffer the educational, economic, and social detrimental effects of obesity/overweight to the same degree as females. Obese/overweight females suffer much more than obese/overweight males in terms of societal outcomes. In addition, detrimental consequences of obesity on social outcomes also vary by ethnicity, with obese Whites being most susceptible.
Author: Alejandra Pinto Publisher: ISBN: 9780438069596 Category : Dissertations, Academic Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
The purpose of this research is to understand the influencing factors on obesity among children focused on demographic background, physical activity, eating behavior, and health concerns. The objectives of this analysis are to review the factors contributing to the increase of childhood obesity in recent years. The research was intended to provide intervention strategies on a micro, mezzo, and macro level to reduce the percentage of childhood obesity due to their demographic background, physical inactivity, eating behavior, and health. Obesity has shown to be an individual, family, school, community, and social issue-affecting children. Parent's body mass index predicted children's body mass index. Latino families tend to be at higher risk for childhood obesity and face a variety of barriers such as lack of resources to support healthy eating behavior and culturally sensitive interventions therefore making it challenging to receive services. The home environment and community are substantial in the influence on weight status in children therefore developing alternative sleeping routines in the home, decreasing screen time, greater access to healthy food options, and safety are important. Type 2 diabetes is being diagnosed at a younger age than previous years, however limiting high fat calorie meals and beverages, establishing a meal schedule, increasing healthy meals and physical activities are interventions that can help prevent and decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes at an early age. This literature review provides support on the rapid increase in obesity and discusses interventions to decrease rates among obese children.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309210283 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 202
Book Description
Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. The magnitude of the problem has increased dramatically during the last three decades and, despite some indications of a plateau in this growth, the numbers remain stubbornly high. Efforts to prevent childhood obesity to date have focused largely on school-aged children, with relatively little attention to children under age 5. However, there is a growing awareness that efforts to prevent childhood obesity must begin before children ever enter the school system. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies reviews factors related to overweight and obese children from birth to age 5, with a focus on nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behavior, and recommends policies that can alter children's environments to promote the maintenance of healthy weight. Because the first years of life are important to health and well-being throughout the life span, preventing obesity in infants and young children can contribute to reversing the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. The book recommends that health care providers make parents aware of their child's excess weight early. It also suggests that parents and child care providers keep children active throughout the day, provide them with healthy diets, limit screen time, and ensure children get adequate sleep. In addition to providing comprehensive solutions to tackle the problem of obesity in infants and young children, Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies identifies potential actions that could be taken to implement those recommendations. The recommendations can inform the decisions of state and local child care regulators, child care providers, health care providers, directors of federal and local child care and nutrition programs, and government officials at all levels.
Author: Donald A. P. Bundy Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464804397 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 977
Book Description
More children born today will survive to adulthood than at any time in history. It is now time to emphasize health and development in middle childhood and adolescence--developmental phases that are critical to health in adulthood and the next generation. Child and Adolescent Health and Development explores the benefits that accrue from sustained and targeted interventions across the first two decades of life. The volume outlines the investment case for effective, costed, and scalable interventions for low-resource settings, emphasizing the cross-sectoral role of education. This evidence base can guide policy makers in prioritizing actions to promote survival, health, cognition, and physical growth throughout childhood and adolescence.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309133408 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 435
Book Description
Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309139279 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 107
Book Description
The prevalence of childhood obesity is so high in the United States that it may reduce the life expectancy of today's generation of children. While parents and other adult caregivers play a fundamental role in teaching children about healthy behaviors, even the most positive efforts can be undermined by local environments that are poorly suited to supporting healthy behaviors. For example, many communities lack ready sources of healthy food choices, such as supermarkets and grocery stores. Or they may not provide safe places for children to walk or play. In such communities, even the most motivated child or adolescent may find it difficult to act in healthy ways. Local governments-with jurisdiction over many aspects of land use, food marketing, community planning, transportation, health and nutrition programs, and other community issues-are ideally positioned to promote behaviors that will help children and adolescents reach and maintain healthy weights. Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity presents a number of recommendations that touch on the vital role of government actions on all levels-federal, state, and local-in childhood obesity prevention. The book offers healthy eating and physical activity strategies for local governments to consider, making it an excellent resource for mayors, managers, commissioners, council members, county board members, and administrators.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309089964 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 277
Book Description
The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed Forces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. The current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment. To aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in military personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management.
Author: Manju Mehta Publisher: Springer ISBN: 8132222415 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 429
Book Description
This volume discusses adolescent mental health concerns in non-Western contexts and situations, ranging from common mental disorders to building life skills. It combines previous literature and empirical work on various disorders to provide a comprehensive account of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for adolescents. The volume covers a wide spectrum of conditions, ranging from anxiety to affective disorders and other associated disorders. It gives a practical guide to the management of disorders with specific focus on case vignettes, outlining session details and specific techniques to be used throughout the intervention plan. A detailed appendix elaborating various CBT techniques is included in the volume. It presumes a basic understanding and training in mental health care and psychotherapy and is useful for professionals: psychologists, counsellors, paediatricians and other practitioners in the field of mental health. It is also useful as a text for courses in health psychology, clinical psychology, adolescent medicine and adolescent psychology.
Author: Ayse Basak Engin Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331948382X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 618
Book Description
Due to the resultant health consequences and considerable increase in prevalence, obesity has become a major worldwide health problem. “Obesity and Lipotoxicity” is a comprehensive review of the recent researches to provide a better understanding of the lipotoxicity-related mechanisms of obesity and the potential for the development of new treatment strategies. This book overviews the biochemical pathways leading to obesity-related metabolic disorders that occur subsequent to lipotoxicity. Chapters examine the deleterious effects of nutrient excess at molecular level including the cellular and molecular aspects of breast cancer, resistance to leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and interconnection between the circadian clock and metabolic pathways during high-fat feeding. “Lipotoxicity and Obesity” will be a useful resource for clinicians and basic science researchers, such as biochemists, toxicologists, immunologists, nutritionists, adult and pediatric endocrinologists, cardiologists, as well as students who are thought in this field.
Author: Igor De Garine Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134316216 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
This collection of essays examines obesity not as an objective medical or psychological problem, but as a subjective social and cultural phenomenon. The contributors take a cross-cultural perspective, examining both the negative casting of obesity in developed countries and the traditional view of obesity as a positive characteristic in subsistence societies which is threatened by the dominance of Western culture.
Author: Michael John Merten
Author: Michael John Merten
Author: Alejandra Pinto
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Donald A. P. Bundy
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: National Research Council
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Manju Mehta
Author: Ayse Basak Engin
Author: Igor De Garine