Coins of the World: North Eastern Europe PDF Download

Author: George S. Cuhaj
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1440231389
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages : 166

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Book Description
In this single, easy-to-use and affordable download you will find detailed descriptions, updated values in multiple grades, and high-quality illustrations of every coin issued in the 20th century in North Eastern Europe. Every coin, from every where including Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and more, are included in this affordable download.

Author: Søren M. Sindbæk
Publisher: Aarhus Universitetsforlag
ISBN: 8793423837
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 418

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Book Description
This is the second and final volume presenting the results of the Northern Emporium research project and the high-definition excavations carried out within this programme in 2017-18 in Ribe. The 22 chapters survey the remarkable range of finds retrieved from this hub of the North Sea world in the eighth and ninth centuries AD: artefacts made from pottery, stone, shell, glass, metals, amber, leather, wood, textile, bone and antler. They offer detailed insights that highlight discoveries such as the assemblages from glass bead or comb-making workshops, and rare finds such as wooden furnishings and musical instruments. The focus of the book is on assembling Ribe’s early urban network. By analysing finds and their context, we develop a picture of social roles and interactions between residents and visitors in the emporium. And we follow the connections they created with other worlds as we trace the flows of glass vessels, pottery and wine barrels from Western Europe; iron, stone and animal products from North and Central Scandinavia and beads and coins that travelled from the Middle East and the Indian Ocean into northern Europe’s new maritime frontier.

Author: Arthur L. Friedberg
Publisher: Coin & Currency Institute
ISBN: 0871843080
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages : 766

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Book Description
overs the entire history of world gold coinage form the 5th century B.C. through the modern coin issues of today. Part I, the section on ancient coins covers, in order, Ancient Greece, the Roman Republic and Empire and the Byzantine Empire. Part II lists the coins of the world in alphabetical order by country from approximately AD 600 to date. With current market valuations usually in the two most commonly encountered states of preservation. Tables of weight and precious metal content included with coins of each country.

Author: Lars Larsson
Publisher: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1784911321
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 308

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Book Description
This publication honours Birgitta Hardh on her 70th birthday. Birgitta Hardh is one of the leading experts on European Viking Age, engaged in diverse research projects, and also a vital collaborator in various networks specializing in the period. Through time, Birgitta has extended her research to comprise other periods of the Iron Age.

Author: Elisée Reclus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geography
Languages : en
Pages : 616

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Author:
Publisher: Brill Archive
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 732

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Book Description

Author: Jerome Mairat
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192636243
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 369

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Book Description
Coin Hoards and Hoarding in the Roman World presents fourteen chapters from an interdisciplinary group of Roman numismatists, historians, and archaeologists, discussing coin hoarding in the Roman Empire from c. 30 BC to AD 400. The book illustrates the range of research themes being addressed by those connected with the Coin Hoards of the Roman Empire Project, which is creating a database of all known Roman coin hoards from Augustus to AD 400. The volume also reflects the range of the Project's collaborations, with chapters on the use of hoard data to address methodological considerations or monetary history, and coverage of hoards from the west, centre, and east of the Roman Empire, essential to assess methodological issues and interpretations in as broad a context as possible. Chapters on methodology and metrology introduce statistical tools for analysing patterns of hoarding, explore the relationships between monetary reforms and hoarding practices, and address the question of value, emphasizing the need to consider the whole range of precious metal artefacts hoarded. Several chapters present regional studies, from Britain to Egypt, conveying the diversity of hoarding practices across the Empire, the differing methodological challenges they face, and the variety of topics they illuminate. The final group of chapters examines the evidence of hoarding for how long coins stayed in circulation, illustrating the importance of hoard evidence as a control on the interpretation of single coin finds, the continued circulation of Republican coins under the Empire, and the end of the small change economy in Northern Gaul.

Author: Dagfinn Skre
Publisher: Aarhus Universitetsforlag
ISBN: 8771244328
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 378

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Book Description
This second volume, based on the excavations of the Viking town Kaupang 2000-2003, presents find types used in economic transactions - coins, hacksilver, ingots, weights and balances. Changes in type and volume of economic transactions at Kaupang and in Scandinavia are discussed, and the economic mentality of Viking crafts- and tradesmen is explored. Earlier, the study of Viking silver currency was based mainly on hoards containing coins and hacksilver. In this volume, the combined study of the find types mentioned, as well as the sophisticated chronology of settlements finds from sites like Kaupang, gives a completely new insight into economy and exchange. In the early 9th century, silver and goods seem to have come to Kaupang mainly from the Carolingian world. Silver, weighed with locally produced lead weights, was used as currency on a limited scale. The old e unit was easily convertible to Carolingian units. After the mid-9th century this early system was altered. The increased availability of silver caused by the import of Islamic coins, as well as the introduction in most of Scandinavia in the 860s/870s of standardized weights of probable Islamic origin, paved the way from then on for an increasing use of silver as payment. These studies demonstrate that sites like Kaupang led the way in economic development in Scandinavia. The urban environment promoted an economic mentality which contributed significantly to the fundamental transformation of Scandinavian culture and society, which culminated in the region's integration in Christian Europe in the High Middle Ages.

Author: Howard B. Clarke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Archaeology
Languages : en
Pages : 810

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Author: Jacek Gruszczyński
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135186615X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 441

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Book Description
That there was an influx of silver dirhams from the Muslim world into eastern and northern Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries is well known, as is the fact that the largest concentration of hoards is on the Baltic island of Gotland. Recent discoveries have shown that dirhams were reaching the British Isles, too. What brought the dirhams to northern Europe in such large numbers? The fur trade has been proposed as one driver for transactions, but the slave trade offers another – complementary – explanation. This volume does not offer a comprehensive delineation of the hoard finds, or a full answer to the question of what brought the silver north. But it highlights the trade in slaves as driving exchanges on a trans-continental scale. By their very nature, the nexuses were complex, mutable and unclear even to contemporaries, and they have eluded modern scholarship. Contributions to this volume shed light on processes and key places: the mints of Central Asia; the chronology of the inflows of dirhams to Rus and northern Europe; the reasons why silver was deposited in the ground and why so much ended up on Gotland; the functioning of networks – perhaps comparable to the twenty-first-century drug trade; slave-trading in the British Isles; and the stimulus and additional networks that the Vikings brought into play. This combination of general surveys, presentations of fresh evidence and regional case studies sets Gotland and the early medieval slave trade in a firmer framework than has been available before.