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Author: Christina H. Paxson Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Children Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
Paxson and Schady examine the relationship between early cognitive development, socioeconomic status, child health, and parenting quality in a developing country. They use a sample of over 3,000 predominantly poor pre-school age children from Ecuador and analyze determinants of their scores on the Spanish version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (TVIP), a widely used test of language ability. The authors show that median age-normed test scores on the TVIP are much lower for older than younger children, and there is greater dispersion in scores among older children. They find that household socioeconomic characteristics, in particular wealth and parental education, are "protective"-children from wealthier households with more educated parents have higher scores. The associations of test scores with wealth and maternal education are larger for older children, suggesting that these factors have cumulative effects on cognitive ability. Last, the authors show that child health and measures of parenting quality are associated with performance on the TVIP. Children with lower hemoglobin levels perform worse on tests. Measures of parenting quality, in particular the degree to which parents are "responsive" and "harsh" toward children, and whether children are read to, account for a portion, although not the majority, of the association between socioeconomic status and cognitive development.
Author: Christina H. Paxson Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Children Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
Paxson and Schady examine the relationship between early cognitive development, socioeconomic status, child health, and parenting quality in a developing country. They use a sample of over 3,000 predominantly poor pre-school age children from Ecuador and analyze determinants of their scores on the Spanish version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (TVIP), a widely used test of language ability. The authors show that median age-normed test scores on the TVIP are much lower for older than younger children, and there is greater dispersion in scores among older children. They find that household socioeconomic characteristics, in particular wealth and parental education, are "protective"-children from wealthier households with more educated parents have higher scores. The associations of test scores with wealth and maternal education are larger for older children, suggesting that these factors have cumulative effects on cognitive ability. Last, the authors show that child health and measures of parenting quality are associated with performance on the TVIP. Children with lower hemoglobin levels perform worse on tests. Measures of parenting quality, in particular the degree to which parents are "responsive" and "harsh" toward children, and whether children are read to, account for a portion, although not the majority, of the association between socioeconomic status and cognitive development.
Author: David D. Preiss Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119295483 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 113
Book Description
Explore the multiple dimensions of child and adolescent development in Latin America, and get acquainted with the research from this region and how it relates to the international scientific literature. This special issue presents a collection of reviews developed by leading scholars in Latin America about the state of child and adolescent research in this region. Topics considered include: poverty and cognitive development, school readiness of preschool children, peer relations and socioemotional development, psychopathology and psychiatric diagnosis, reading comprehension and related interventions, and the development of creativity. This is the 152nd volume in this Jossey-Bass series New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development. Its mission is to provide scientific and scholarly presentations on cutting edge issues and concepts in this subject area. Each volume focuses on a specific new direction or research topic and is edited by experts from that field.
Author: Jin Chi Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000514498 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 146
Book Description
Quality improvement is a major current goal of Education in China and this will be achieved through overall quality improvement of the education system as a whole, a situation that is also the case across the world. Deploying a cost-benefit analysis and multidisciplinary perspectives from education, economics, neurocognition, gender studies, child development, and international development, this book presents a range of critical interventions in education development and investment that have proven to be effective in many countries around the world. The book draws on theoretical and practical experience in the field of education investment and analyses key issues in China's early childhood education, early reading, girls' education, brain science application in international education, small-scale schools in low income areas and teacher education. Students and scholars of education and development and Chinese education will benefit from this title.
Author: Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 53
Book Description
Fathers are taking an increasingly involved role in parenting. Most previous research has focused on education and household income in relation to which parent stays at home to take care of children, but the impact of wealth on fathers' child caretaking time investment has not been thoroughly considered. Prior research has not considered the child caretaking time of parents who remain engaged with the workforce. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of wealth and class on father child caretaking time. Results show that household wealth is not significantly associated with father caretaking time. However, when wealth and father's educational attainment levels both increase, father caretaking time also increases. Conversely, father caretaking time also increases when fathers have lower educational attainment paired with debt. It appears that wealth and class do make a difference, but only if there is congruence between wealth/debt and educational attainment.
Author: Kenneth R. Pugh Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119487692 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
The health, development, and learning of many young children living in disadvantage areas are at serious risk. Access to education has improved under the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, and there are now programs in low- and middle-income countries that are aimed at improving instruction and learning. The research and evaluation on the effectiveness of such programs show there are significant challenges, but also some successes. This issue features presentations of leading international scientists, representatives from key governmental and non-governmental organizations, and others working with programs in the developing world and disadvantaged populations. The presentations describe the goals, existing challenges, and potential approaches to providing evidence-based programs to young children in rural, remote, and poverty stricken areas. Topics covered include: the state of early childhood in low and middle income nations, programs that have shown some success, and innovative research approaches that have been often considered unfeasible in these contexts. This is the 158th volume in this Jossey-Bass series New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development. Its mission is to provide scientific and scholarly presentations on cutting edge issues and concepts in this subject area. Each volume focuses on a specific new direction or research topic and is edited by experts from that field.
Author: Tamerah Hunt Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1040136532 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
When you need a fundamental and clinical understanding of sports concussions, supplemented by current research and management techniques, look to Cram Session in Evaluation of Sports Concussion: A Handbook for Students & Clinicians for quick and at-your-fingertips facts. Cram Session in Evaluation of Sports Concussion: A Handbook for Students & Clinicians by Dr. Tamerah N. Hunt is a succinct and descriptive quick reference that provides the health care professional with a simple step-by-step approach to various sports concussion assessment and management techniques. Cram Session in Evaluation of Sports Concussion: A Handbook for Students & Clinicians is designed to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice to improve assessment and management of sports-related concussion and return-to-play decisions. What is in your “Cram Session”: Concept maps Red flags for differential diagnoses Return to participation guidelines Detailed algorithms for evaluation, testing, and working with other health care professionals Model protocols and management strategies that can be implemented with minimal resources and support staff Cram Session in Evaluation of Sports Concussion: A Handbook for Students & Clinicians is an informative, well-organized handbook for all students and clinicians in athletic training, physical therapy, and allied health professionals who evaluate and manage concussions.
Author: David K. Evans Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821389319 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 117
Book Description
In the past fifteen years, Brazil has made great strides in increasing its population's access to early child education, with both preschool and creche enrollment increasing by over fifty percent. Education programs for young children have consistently been shown to have long-term positive effects on life outcomes of participants. In Brazil, these programs have demonstrated positive impacts on, for example, income, length of schooling, and test scores. However, the quality of pre-schools and creches is essential in achieving these improvements, and even in capital cities, very few centers are rated as high-quality centers. Representation of the poorest and most vulnerable children among those attending pre-school and creche still lags considerably behind that of more privileged children, although poorer children stand to gain the most from early child education programs. Additionally, large rural-urban and regional disparities exist. This book details the literature on the effects of early child education and the importance of quality, and gives a comprehensive view of the quality, regional, and socioeconomic gaps in early child education in Brazil. It further examines existing public and private initiatives in Brazil, and discusses how they can be leveraged to effectively and efficiently provide quality pre-school and creche care. A central aim of the book is to provide policymakers with specific recommendations of policies to improve the quality and equity of the early child education experience in Brazil. Given the difficulty in reaching children in remote areas and the need to expand coverage to the poorest segments of the population, Brazil will need to be strategic in how and where it invests. It should target new centers and allocate existing spaces to the poorest people and areas. Municipal policymakers should allocate public spaces in a transparent manner, provide guidelines to institutions, and monitor them. Teachers need guidance on the best activities to use, to improve child outcomes. The use of participatory budgeting could potentially improve access and equity by involving the poor directly in the budgeting process. Increased cross-sectoral coordination could improve child welfare in cost-effective ways, and public-private partnerships could stretch existing resources further and expand coverage more quickly.
Author: Daniel A. Wagner Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136294511 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
Learning is the foundation of the human experience. It begins at birth and never stops, a continuous and malleable link across life stages of human development. Disparities in learning access and outcomes around the world have deep consequences for income, social mobility, health, and well-being. For international development practitioners faced with today's unprecedented environmental and geopolitical pressures, learning should be viewed as a touchstone and target for those seeking to truly effect global change. This book traces the path of international development work—from its pre-colonial origins to the emergence of economics as the dominant discipline in the field—and lays out a new agenda for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners, from early education through adulthood. Learning as Development is an attempt to rethink international education in a changing world.
Author: Ariel Fiszbein Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821373536 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 384
Book Description
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. That is, the government only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. They have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality and helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. Do these and other claims make sense? Are they supported by the available empirical evidence? This volume seeks to answer these and other related questions. Specifically, it lays out a conceptual framework for thinking about the economic rationale for CCTs; it reviews the very rich evidence that has accumulated on CCTs; it discusses how the conceptual framework and the evidence on impacts should inform the design of CCT programs in practice; and it discusses how CCTs fit in the context of broader social policies. The authors show that there is considerable evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people and argue that conditional cash transfers have been an effective way of redistributing income to the poor. They also recognize that even the best-designed and managed CCT cannot fulfill all of the needs of a comprehensive social protection system. They therefore need to be complemented with other interventions, such as workfare or employment programs, and social pensions.
Author: Christina H. Paxson
Author: Christina H. Paxson
Author: David D. Preiss
Author: Jin Chi
Author: 
Author: Kenneth R. Pugh
Author: Tamerah Hunt
Author: Nuno Crato
Author: David K. Evans
Author: Daniel A. Wagner
Author: Ariel Fiszbein