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Author: Emily Anne Beagle Publisher: ISBN: 9780438384873 Category : Biomass energy Languages : en Pages : 188
Book Description
Research and deployment of renewable energy sources are increasing due to several major drivers, including the needs for energy independence and security, renewable energy alternatives to fossil fuels, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Biomass is an abundant resource and, with careful planning and management, can be considered a carbon neutral and sustainable energy source, making it attractive for renewable energy applications. Additionally, biomass does not suffer from intermittency issues common of other renewable energy sources. Biomass can be utilized through a variety of energy conversion methods, including combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. Biomass can also be upgraded through mild pyrolysis, called torrefaction, rendering the biomass with fuel characteristics that more closely resemble coal. One woody biomass of particular interest in the western United States is beetle kill pine. Significant amounts of this biomass can be found in National Forests and pose a substantial safety risk to people, local infrastructure, and waterways. Management of these dead trees is a priority for the U.S. Forest Service which has recognized their potential as a fuel and energy feedstock. In addition to productive utilization of waste resources, such as beetle kill, co-combustion of biomass with coal is the most near-term, low cost means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity generation sector. Other co-conversion methods, such as co-gasification, are also attractive and relatively readily implementable options for biomass utilization. However, for biomass to be implemented in commercial reactors, its conversion characteristics frequently need to be tailored for efficient conversion. Pretreatment methods, such as torrefaction, and integrated conversion systems, such as the utilization of biochar produced from pyrolysis, offer great promise for improved biomass feedstocks. This research presents a multifaceted study of the utilization and co-utilization of woody biomass, with an emphasis on beetle kill pine, for energy sector emission reductions through a variety of analysis pathways. Experimental investigations of solid fuel conversion processes, including torrefaction, pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification, using a variety of fuel types and fuel blends in several laboratory reactor apparatuses are presented along with kinetic models of fuel conversion behaviors and co-conversion fuel interactions. Additionally, the systems-level feasibility of co-firing has been explored through techno-economic assessment of biomass availability and life cycle analysis of co-firing woody biomass with coal, and results are presented. Overall results from this work demonstrate and advance the feasibility of co-utilization of woody biomass as an effective and feasible means of reducing energy sector emissions.
Author: Emily Anne Beagle Publisher: ISBN: 9780438384873 Category : Biomass energy Languages : en Pages : 188
Book Description
Research and deployment of renewable energy sources are increasing due to several major drivers, including the needs for energy independence and security, renewable energy alternatives to fossil fuels, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Biomass is an abundant resource and, with careful planning and management, can be considered a carbon neutral and sustainable energy source, making it attractive for renewable energy applications. Additionally, biomass does not suffer from intermittency issues common of other renewable energy sources. Biomass can be utilized through a variety of energy conversion methods, including combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. Biomass can also be upgraded through mild pyrolysis, called torrefaction, rendering the biomass with fuel characteristics that more closely resemble coal. One woody biomass of particular interest in the western United States is beetle kill pine. Significant amounts of this biomass can be found in National Forests and pose a substantial safety risk to people, local infrastructure, and waterways. Management of these dead trees is a priority for the U.S. Forest Service which has recognized their potential as a fuel and energy feedstock. In addition to productive utilization of waste resources, such as beetle kill, co-combustion of biomass with coal is the most near-term, low cost means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity generation sector. Other co-conversion methods, such as co-gasification, are also attractive and relatively readily implementable options for biomass utilization. However, for biomass to be implemented in commercial reactors, its conversion characteristics frequently need to be tailored for efficient conversion. Pretreatment methods, such as torrefaction, and integrated conversion systems, such as the utilization of biochar produced from pyrolysis, offer great promise for improved biomass feedstocks. This research presents a multifaceted study of the utilization and co-utilization of woody biomass, with an emphasis on beetle kill pine, for energy sector emission reductions through a variety of analysis pathways. Experimental investigations of solid fuel conversion processes, including torrefaction, pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification, using a variety of fuel types and fuel blends in several laboratory reactor apparatuses are presented along with kinetic models of fuel conversion behaviors and co-conversion fuel interactions. Additionally, the systems-level feasibility of co-firing has been explored through techno-economic assessment of biomass availability and life cycle analysis of co-firing woody biomass with coal, and results are presented. Overall results from this work demonstrate and advance the feasibility of co-utilization of woody biomass as an effective and feasible means of reducing energy sector emissions.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309484529 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 511
Book Description
To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.
Author: Barry Solomon Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135971900 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 351
Book Description
Interest in biomass energy resources from forests, farms and other sources has been rapidly increasing in recent years because of growing concern with reducing carbon dioxide emissions and developing alternatives to increasingly scarce, expensive and insecure oil supplies. The uniqueness of this book is its coverage of biomass energy markets in the US from an economic as well as technical perspective. Existing books typically focus on single markets or technical aspects at the exclusion of economics, and have given greater coverage to biomass energy outside the US. This edited collection has three main parts. Part One provides a historical overview of forest biomass energy use in the US; the major technologies, economics, market prospects, and policies. Part Two presents forest biomass energy assessments, including life cycle and sustainability perspectives, and Part Three includes five sets of regional case studies. After reviewing the history of wood energy use in the US and technology options, the book shows that forests could displace sixteen per cent of domestic transportation fuel use in 2030. Renewable Energy from Forest Resources in the United States includes a Foreword from Chris Flavin, President of the Worldwatch Institute.
Author: Seppo Kellomäki Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461483913 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
For thousands of years, forest biomass or wood has been among the main energy sources of humans around the world. Since the industrial revolution, fossil fuels have replaced wood and become the dominant source of energy. The use of fossil fuels has the disadvantage of increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially carbon dioxide (CO2), with the consequent warming of global climate and changes in precipitation. In this context, the substitution of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources like forest biomass is among the ways to mitigate climate change. This book summarizes recent experiences on how to manage forest land to produce woody biomass for energy use and what are the potentials to mitigate climate change by substituting fossil fuels in energy production. In this context, the book addresses how management can affect the supply of energy biomass using short-rotation forestry and the conventional forestry applying long rotations. Furthermore, the book outlines the close interaction between the ecological systems and industrial systems, which controls the carbon cycle between the atmosphere and biosphere. In this context, sustainable forest management is a key to understand and control indirect carbon emissions due to the utilization of forest biomass (e.g. from management, harvesting and logistics, and ecosystem processes), which are often omitted in assessing the carbon neutrality of energy systems based on forest biomass. The focus in this book is on forests and forestry in the boreal and temperate zones, particularly in Northern Europe, where the woody biomass is widely used in the energy industry for producing energy.
Author: Eric M. White Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437938132 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 56
Book Description
Woody biomass (WB) can be used for the generation of heat, electricity, and biofuels. Bioenergy production from WB has not been widely adopted because the price of WB energy has not been competitive with traditional fossil fuels. However, current projections of future energy use, renewable energy and climate change legislation suggest increased use of both WB and agr. biomass energy. This report provides a summary of the knowledge related to the production of WB from bioenergy with a focus on the econ. perspective. The most common WB feedstocks are described along with results of econ. modeling studies related to the provision of biomass from short-rotation woody crops, harvest residues, and haz.-fuel reduction efforts.
Author: Eric White Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781505914603 Category : Languages : en Pages : 54
Book Description
Woody biomass can be used for the generation of heat, electricity, and biofuels. In many cases, the technology for converting woody biomass into energy has been established for decades, but because the price of woody biomass energy has not been competitive with traditional fossil fuels, bioenergy production from woody biomass has not been widely adopted. However, current projections of future energy use and renewable energy and climate change legislation under consideration suggest increased use of both forest and agriculture biomass energy in the coming decades. This report provides a summary of some of the existing knowledge and literature related to the production of woody biomass from bioenergy with a particular focus on the economic perspective. The most commonly discussed woody biomass feedstocks are described along with results of existing economic modeling studies related to the provision of biomass from short-rotation woody crops, harvest residues, and hazardous-fuel reduction efforts. Additionally, the existing social science literature is used to highlight some challenges to widespread production of biomass energy.
Author: George Giannakidis Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319744240 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 415
Book Description
This book presents the energy system roadmaps necessary to limit global temperature increase to below 2°C, in order to avoid the catastrophic impacts of climate change. It provides a unique perspective on and critical understanding of the feasibility of a well-below-2°C world by exploring energy system pathways, technology innovations, behaviour change and the macro-economic impacts of achieving carbon neutrality by mid-century. The transformative changes in the energy transition are explored using energy systems models and scenario analyses that are applied to various cities, countries and at a global scale to offer scientific evidence to underpin complex policy decisions relating to climate change mitigation and interrelated issues like energy security and the energy–water nexus. It includes several chapters directly related to the Nationally Determined Contributions proposed in the context of the recent Paris Agreement on Climate Change. In summary, the book collates a range of concrete analyses at different scales from around the globe, revisiting the roles of countries, cities and local communities in pathways to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and make a well-below-2°C world a reality. A valuable source of information for energy modellers in both the industry and public sectors, it provides a critical understanding of both the feasibility of roadmaps to achieve a well-below-2°C world, and the diversity and wide applications of energy systems models. Encompassing behaviour changes; technology innovations; macro-economic impacts; and other environmental challenges, such as water, it is also of interest to energy economists and engineers, as well as economic modellers working in the field of climate change mitigation.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309305322 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 235
Book Description
The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.
Author: Oliver Inderwildi Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1447127161 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 719
Book Description
Sustainable mobility is a highly complex problem as it is affected by the interactions between socio-economic, environmental, technological and political issues. Energy, Transport, & the Environment: Addressing the Sustainable Mobility Paradigm brings together leading figures from business, academia and governments to address the challenges and opportunities involved in working towards sustainable mobility. Key thinkers and decision makers approach topics and debates including: · energy security and resource scarcity · greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions · urban planning, transport systems and their management · governance and finance of transformation · the threats of terrorism and climate change to our transport systems. Introduced by a preface from U.S. Secretary Steven Chu and an outline by the editors, Dr Oliver Inderwildi and Sir David King, Energy, Transport, & the Environment is divided into six sections. These sections address and explore the challenges and opportunities for energy supply, road transport, urban mobility, aviation, sea and rail, as well as finance and economics in transport. Possible solutions, ranging from alternative fuels to advanced urban planning and policy levers, will be examined in order to deepen the understanding of currently proposed solutions within the political realities of the dominating economic areas. The result of this detailed investigation is an integrated view of sustainable transport for both people and freight, making Energy, Transport, & the Environment key reading for researchers, decision makers and policy experts across the public and private sectors.
Author: Emily Anne Beagle
Author: Emily Anne Beagle
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Barry Solomon
Author: Seppo Kellomäki
Author: Eric M. White
Author: Eric White
Author: George Giannakidis
Author: National Research Council
Author: Alan Wade Hodges
Author: Oliver Inderwildi