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Author: John M. Kimble Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781566704595 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
Global Climate Change and Cold Regions Ecosystems provides information on soil processes and the carbon cycle in cold ecoregions as well as the soil carbon pool and its fluxes in the soils of cold ecoregions. Filling a void in this area of soil science, this resource explains soil processes influencing C dynamics under natural and disturbed ecosystems. The soils of the cold region ecosystems serve as a net sink of atmospheric C. However, an increase in global temperature could render them a net source. In the event of global warming, the cold regions ecosystems-arctic, sub-arctic, alpine, Antarctic, boreal forests, and peatlands-will undergo radical changes. Potential environmental change could drastically increase the active soil layer and influence the large C pool found in them. Topics include: soil C pools in different cold ecoregions, the impact of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the soil C pool, the method of assessment of C and other properties of soils of the cold regions ecosytems while focusing on the fate of C in permafrost soils. Global Climate Change and Cold Regions Ecosystems covers the current and possible future effects of the cold ecoregions soil C pool on the global carbon pool.
Author: John M. Kimble Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781566704595 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
Global Climate Change and Cold Regions Ecosystems provides information on soil processes and the carbon cycle in cold ecoregions as well as the soil carbon pool and its fluxes in the soils of cold ecoregions. Filling a void in this area of soil science, this resource explains soil processes influencing C dynamics under natural and disturbed ecosystems. The soils of the cold region ecosystems serve as a net sink of atmospheric C. However, an increase in global temperature could render them a net source. In the event of global warming, the cold regions ecosystems-arctic, sub-arctic, alpine, Antarctic, boreal forests, and peatlands-will undergo radical changes. Potential environmental change could drastically increase the active soil layer and influence the large C pool found in them. Topics include: soil C pools in different cold ecoregions, the impact of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the soil C pool, the method of assessment of C and other properties of soils of the cold regions ecosytems while focusing on the fate of C in permafrost soils. Global Climate Change and Cold Regions Ecosystems covers the current and possible future effects of the cold ecoregions soil C pool on the global carbon pool.
Author: Chenghai Wang Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119702658 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 293
Book Description
Climatology in Cold Regions A groundbreaking interdisciplinary study of cold-region weather systems and their vital role in predicting climate change across the globe Climatology in Cold Regions explores the complexities of land−atmospheric interaction across the Earth’s cryosphere, systematically placing soil thawing, snow melting, surface diabatic heating, and other processes within the context of broader climatological models. Drawing from a wealth of new data, leading atmospheric scientist Chenghai Wang illustrates how cold-region weather systems can be parameterized to improve seasonal climate prediction and provide crucial insights into projected changes in climate over the next 50-100 years. The book opens with an introduction to the characteristics and classification of cold-region climatology, followed by a detailed description of the primary weather systems and land surface processes in cold regions. The core of the book presents a new approach for seasonal climate prediction using signals obtained from cryospheric processes, supported by a discussion of climate disasters and the impact of climate change on the ecology of cold regions. Introduces a new way of modeling climate in cold regions Offers novel approaches for assessing climate signals from cold regions in seasonal and sub-seasonal predictions Presents new data on the role of cold-region climatology in forecasting and driving global temperature changes Discusses the role of cold regions as the main source of global freshwater supply A significant contribution to climate research and beyond, Climatology in Cold Regions is essential reading for students, scientists, and researchers in the atmospheric sciences, meteorology, ecology, hydrology, and Earth sciences.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309072786 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
Since the dawn of medical science, people have recognized connections between a change in the weather and the appearance of epidemic disease. With today's technology, some hope that it will be possible to build models for predicting the emergence and spread of many infectious diseases based on climate and weather forecasts. However, separating the effects of climate from other effects presents a tremendous scientific challenge. Can we use climate and weather forecasts to predict infectious disease outbreaks? Can the field of public health advance from "surveillance and response" to "prediction and prevention?" And perhaps the most important question of all: Can we predict how global warming will affect the emergence and transmission of infectious disease agents around the world? Under the Weather evaluates our current understanding of the linkages among climate, ecosystems, and infectious disease; it then goes a step further and outlines the research needed to improve our understanding of these linkages. The book also examines the potential for using climate forecasts and ecological observations to help predict infectious disease outbreaks, identifies the necessary components for an epidemic early warning system, and reviews lessons learned from the use of climate forecasts in other realms of human activity.
Author: Orlando B. Andersland Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475722907 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 363
Book Description
Frozen Ground Engineering first introduces the reader to the frozen environment and the behavior of frozen soil as an engineering material. In subsequent chapters this information is used in the analysis and design of ground support systems, foundations, and embankments. These and other topics make this book suitable for use by civil engineering students in a one-semester course on frozen ground engineering at the senior or first-year-graduate level. Students are assumed to have a working knowledge of undergraduate mechanics (statics and mechanics of materials) and geotechnical engineering (usual two-course sequence). A knowledge of basic geology would be helpful but is not essential. This book will also be useful to advanced students in other disciplines and to engineers who desire an introduction to frozen ground engineering or references to selected technical publications in the field. BACKGROUND Frozen ground engineering has developed rapidly in the past several decades under the pressure of necessity. As practical problems involving frozen soils broadened in scope, the inadequacy of earlier methods for coping became increasingly apparent. The application of ground freezing to geotechnical projects throughout the world continues to grow as significant advances have been made in ground freezing technology. Freezing is a useful and versatile technique for temporary earth support, groundwater control in difficult soil or rock strata, and the formation of subsurface containment barriers suitable for use in groundwater remediation projects.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309471699 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document. The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders.
Author: Kelly S. Merrill Publisher: ISBN: Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 1100
Book Description
This collection contains 92 papers presented at the 11th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering, held in Anchorage, Alaska, May 20-22, 2002.
Author: The Royal Society Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309302021 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 74
Book Description
Climate Change: Evidence and Causes is a jointly produced publication of The US National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. Written by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists and reviewed by climate scientists and others, the publication is intended as a brief, readable reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and other individuals seeking authoritative information on the some of the questions that continue to be asked. Climate Change makes clear what is well-established and where understanding is still developing. It echoes and builds upon the long history of climate-related work from both national academies, as well as on the newest climate-change assessment from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It touches on current areas of active debate and ongoing research, such as the link between ocean heat content and the rate of warming.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309133041 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 252
Book Description
The climate record for the past 100,000 years clearly indicates that the climate system has undergone periodic-and often extreme-shifts, sometimes in as little as a decade or less. The causes of abrupt climate changes have not been clearly established, but the triggering of events is likely to be the result of multiple natural processes. Abrupt climate changes of the magnitude seen in the past would have far-reaching implications for human society and ecosystems, including major impacts on energy consumption and water supply demands. Could such a change happen again? Are human activities exacerbating the likelihood of abrupt climate change? What are the potential societal consequences of such a change? Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises looks at the current scientific evidence and theoretical understanding to describe what is currently known about abrupt climate change, including patterns and magnitudes, mechanisms, and probability of occurrence. It identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning the potential for future abrupt changes, including those aspects of change most important to society and economies, and outlines a research strategy to close those gaps. Based on the best and most current research available, this book surveys the history of climate change and makes a series of specific recommendations for the future.
Author: John M. Kimble
Author: John M. Kimble
Author: Chenghai Wang
Author: National Research Council
Author: Orlando B. Andersland
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: International Association of Hydrological Sciences
Author: 
Author: Kelly S. Merrill
Author: The Royal Society
Author: National Research Council