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Author: Pierre Christian Tsopmo Publisher: ISBN: 9789292672867 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
There is substantial empirical literature on the impact of climate vulnerability on economic outcomes in developing countries. However, this literature is still weak on the impact of climate vulnerability on tax revenue mobilization. To enrich the existing literature, this paper aims to investigate the effects of climate vulnerability on government revenue mobilization in a sample of 84 developing countries over the period 1995-2019. To achieve this objective, we use the pooled ordinary least square and fixed-effects ordinary least square regressor techniques as developed by Driscoll and Kraay (1998). We obtain three main results. First, climate vulnerability hampers government revenue mobilization in developing countries. Indeed, a variation of 1 per cent in the level of climate vulnerability induces a decrease in government revenues of 0.63 points. Second, climate vulnerability has different impacts on each type of government tax revenue. Regarding the subcomponents of tax revenue (direct and indirect tax), the results confirm the harmful effect of climate vulnerability on all these subcomponents. Furthermore, it appears that direct taxes are the most compromised in terms of magnitude. Third, this effect does not change when climate vulnerability is disaggregated (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity). However, the climate sensitivity index has a significantly greater effect than the other two. Finally, by applying quantile regression and the two-step system generalized method of moments to control, respectively, distributional heterogeneity and the potential endogenous problem, we also find that climate vulnerability hampers government revenue mobilization in developing countries. These results suggest recommendations relative to the implementation of measures meant to improve the resilience of people to climate change and natural disasters.
Author: Pierre Christian Tsopmo Publisher: ISBN: 9789292672867 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
There is substantial empirical literature on the impact of climate vulnerability on economic outcomes in developing countries. However, this literature is still weak on the impact of climate vulnerability on tax revenue mobilization. To enrich the existing literature, this paper aims to investigate the effects of climate vulnerability on government revenue mobilization in a sample of 84 developing countries over the period 1995-2019. To achieve this objective, we use the pooled ordinary least square and fixed-effects ordinary least square regressor techniques as developed by Driscoll and Kraay (1998). We obtain three main results. First, climate vulnerability hampers government revenue mobilization in developing countries. Indeed, a variation of 1 per cent in the level of climate vulnerability induces a decrease in government revenues of 0.63 points. Second, climate vulnerability has different impacts on each type of government tax revenue. Regarding the subcomponents of tax revenue (direct and indirect tax), the results confirm the harmful effect of climate vulnerability on all these subcomponents. Furthermore, it appears that direct taxes are the most compromised in terms of magnitude. Third, this effect does not change when climate vulnerability is disaggregated (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity). However, the climate sensitivity index has a significantly greater effect than the other two. Finally, by applying quantile regression and the two-step system generalized method of moments to control, respectively, distributional heterogeneity and the potential endogenous problem, we also find that climate vulnerability hampers government revenue mobilization in developing countries. These results suggest recommendations relative to the implementation of measures meant to improve the resilience of people to climate change and natural disasters.
Author: Raul Felix Junquera-Varela Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464810745 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
Public spending plays a key role in the economic growth and development of most developing economies. This book analyzes revenues, policy, and administration of Domestic Resource Mobilization (DRM) in developing countries. It provides a broad landscape of practical examples, drawing from lessons learned in World Bank operations across Global Practices over the past several decades. It should be thought of as a starting point for a more comprehensive research agenda rather than a complete inventory itself. This book reviews the trends in tax revenue collection in developing countries. It provides an overview of efforts to close the revenue gap, many of which have been supported by World Bank operations. The book reviews the special challenges facing low income countries, which have traditionally relied on indirect revenues in the context of limited formalization of their economies. An overview of tax policy and administration reform programs is presented, with an overview of outstanding issues that will shape the policy agenda in years ahead.
Author: Fred Olayele Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1000755363 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 198
Book Description
With both domestic and external financing expected to dry up in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, this book argues that there is a need for fresh ideas and new strategies for achieving sustainable development in Africa. In addition to triggering the most severe recession in nearly a century, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted global value chains, causing unprecedented damage to healthcare systems, economies, and well-being, hitting the world’s most vulnerable people the hardest. Even before the pandemic, Africa was suffering from the effects of low commodity prices, sluggish GDP growth, high debt levels, low levels of domestic savings, and weak private capital inflows. This book argues that now, as the continent emerges from the current crisis, it will be important to reconfigure current financing sources under a forward-looking framework that incorporates other non-traditional financing tools and mechanisms such as public-private partnerships, sovereign wealth funds, gender lens investing, new growth drivers, and emerging and disruptive technologies. Finally, the book concludes by adopting a sectoral approach and examining the real economy impacts of new growth drivers such as agriculture value chains, industrialization, tourism, and the blue economy. Drawing on a range of original research as well as insights from practice, this book will be a useful guide for Global Development and African Studies researchers, as well as for policy makers, investors, finance specialists, and global business practitioners and entrepreneurs.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1498339247 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 86
Book Description
The Fund has long played a lead role in supporting developing countries’ efforts to improve their revenue mobilization. This paper draws on that experience to review issues and good practice, and to assess prospects in this key area.
Author: Miria A. Pigato Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9781464813580 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
This report provides actionable advice on how to design and implement fiscal policies for both development and climate action. Building on more than two decades of research in development and environmental economics, it argues that well-designed environmental tax reforms are especially valuable in developing countries, where they can reduce emissions, increase domestic revenues, and generate positive welfare effects such as cleaner water, safer roads, and improvements in human health. Moreover, these reforms need not harm competitiveness. New empirical evidence from Indonesia and Mexico suggests that under certain conditions, raising fuel prices can actually increase firm productivity. Finally, the report discusses the role of fiscal policy in strengthening resilience to climate change. It provides evidence that preventive public investments and measures to build fiscal buffers can help safeguard stability and growth in the face of rising climate risks. In this way, environmental tax reforms and climate risk-management strategies can lay the much-needed fiscal foundation for development and climate action.
Author: Salim Momtaz Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429869746 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
Very few studies have been conducted to explore the vulnerability of women in the context of climate change. This book addresses this absence by investigating the structure of women’s livelihoods and coping capacity in a disaster vulnerable coastal area of Bangladesh. The research findings suggest that the distribution of livelihood capitals of vulnerable women in rural Bangladesh is heavily influenced by several climatic events, such as cyclones, floods and seasonal droughts that periodically affect the region. Women face several challenges in their livelihoods, including vulnerability to their income, household assets, lives and health, food security, education, water sources, sanitation and transportation systems, because of ongoing climate change impacts. The findings have important policy relevance for all involved in disaster and risk management, both within Bangladesh and the developing countries facing climate change impacts. Based on the research findings, the book also provides recommendations to improving the livelihoods of women in the coastal communities. This book will appeal to academics, researchers and professionals in environmental management, gender and development, and climate change governance looking at the effects of and adaptation to climate change, gender issues and natural disaster management strategies.
Author: National Intelligence Council Publisher: Cosimo Reports ISBN: 9781646794973 Category : Languages : en Pages : 158
Book Description
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Author: Robin Mearns Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821381423 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
While major strides have been made in the scientific understanding of climate change, much less understood is how these dynamics in the physical enviornment interact with socioeconomic systems. This book brings together the latest knowledge on the consequences of climate change for society and how best to address them.
Author: Reinhard Mechler Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319720260 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 563
Book Description
This book provides an authoritative insight on the Loss and Damage discourse by highlighting state-of-the-art research and policy linked to this discourse and articulating its multiple concepts, principles and methods. Written by leading researchers and practitioners, it identifies practical and evidence-based policy options to inform the discourse and climate negotiations. With climate-related risks on the rise and impacts being felt around the globe has come the recognition that climate mitigation and adaptation may not be enough to manage the effects from anthropogenic climate change. This recognition led to the creation of the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage in 2013, a climate policy mechanism dedicated to dealing with climate-related effects in highly vulnerable countries that face severe constraints and limits to adaptation. Endorsed in 2015 by the Paris Agreement and effectively considered a third pillar of international climate policy, debate and research on Loss and Damage continues to gain enormous traction. Yet, concepts, methods and tools as well as directions for policy and implementation have remained contested and vague. Suitable for researchers, policy-advisors, practitioners and the interested public, the book furthermore: • discusses the political, legal, economic and institutional dimensions of the issue• highlights normative questions central to the discourse • provides a focus on climate risks and climate risk management. • presents salient case studies from around the world.
Author: World Bank Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821379887 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
In the crowded field of climate change reports, 'WDR 2010' uniquely: emphasizes development; takes an integrated look at adaptation and mitigation; highlights opportunities in the changing competitive landscape; and proposes policy solutions grounded in analytic work and in the context of the political economy of reform.
Author: Pierre Christian Tsopmo
Author: Pierre Christian Tsopmo
Author: Raul Felix Junquera-Varela
Author: Fred Olayele
Author: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Author: Miria A. Pigato
Author: Salim Momtaz
Author: National Intelligence Council
Author: Robin Mearns
Author: Reinhard Mechler
Author: World Bank