Characterization of the Surface Chemical Heterogeneities of Ultrasmall Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles and Nanorings Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography PDF Download

Author: Thomas Courtney Gardinier (II)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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In contrast to small molar mass compounds and organic macromolecules, detailed structural investigation of inorganic-organic core-shell nanoparticles remains a challenge. I developed high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods to probe the surface chemistry of Cornell Prime dots (C’ dots), a class of ultrasmall (

Author: Joshua Allyn Hinckley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 199

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Understanding the intracellular processing and biological response of ultrasmall fluorescent silica nanoparticles is critical to improving their therapeutic potency, however most imaging methodologies cannot resolve the structures containing nanoparticles. Using the superior optical properties of ultrabright silica nanoparticles in optical super-resolution microscopy is one such way to quantify biological response at the subcellular level. This dissertation describes the optimization of fluorescent silica nanoparticles followed by the synthesis and optical characterization of novel super-resolution nanoprobes. Additionally, the dissertation introduces imaging buffer free nanoprobes for live cell super-resolution imaging and a methodology for quantifying cellular compartments containing such probes. First, the surface chemical properties of ultrasmall (sub-10 nm) amorphous silica nanoparticles (SNPs) covalently encapsulating organic fluorophores are optimized by switching negatively charged dyes to positively charged dyes and tuning the ammonia content in the synthesis reaction. The resulting particles are then characterized using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optical properties of such particles, referred to as Cornell Prime dots (C' dots), can be altered by the introduction of different moieties, such as sulfur and iodine, within the silica matrix producing therapeutic particles for photodynamic therapy and nanoprobes for optical super-resolution microscopy. Using block-copolymers as templates, these nanoparticles are shown to provide an increase in signal-to-noise ratio, as compared to free dyes, leading to sharper super-resolved structures. These super-resolution nanoprobes, referred to as srC' dots, were further simplified by the discovery that aluminosilicate C' dots (aC' dots) intrinsically blink using a single laser excitation source and no additional buffer additives, thus indicating ideal candidates for live cell super-resolution microscopy. We expanded our understanding of cell processing of these particles by using nearest neighbor analysis to determine the size of cellular compartments and the number of particles within them.

Author: E.F. Vansant
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080528953
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 573

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Oxide surface materials are widely used in many applications, in particular where chemically modified oxide surfaces are involved. Indeed, in disciplines such as separation, catalysis, bioengineering, electronics, ceramics, etc., modified oxide surfaces are very important. In all cases, the knowledge of their chemical and surface characteristics is of great importance for the understanding and eventual improvement of their performances. This book reviews the latest techniques and procedures in the characterization and chemical modification of the silica surface, presenting a unified and state-of-the-art approach to the relevant analysis techniques and modification procedures, covering 1000 references integrated into one clear concept.

Author: Alvin Chang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Ultrasmall nanoparticles have seen growing interest in several fields such as medicine, optics, and catalysis due to their unique size-dependent properties. Among these are fluorescent core-shell silica nanoparticles synthesized in water known as Cornell prime dots (C' dots), which are composed of a silica core and a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) shell. These C' dots are poised to become promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools in medicine, particularly for cancer applications. While spherical C' dots have already been in FDA-approved human clinical trials, exploration has expanded into different topologies of silica nanoparticles such as rings and cages, providing higher aspect ratios and higher surface area to volume ratios. For clinical translation of such nanostructures, quantitative assessments of their size and size dispersity remain parameters for further investigation and are critical to understanding and evaluating their effectiveness and safety in nanomedicine applications. Here, solution small-angle X-ray scattering was employed to characterize 3D structural details of ring-type silica nanostructures and their size and size dispersity. A hollow cylinder model provided consistent structural and dispersity parameters that were supported by transmission electron microscopy investigations.

Author: Klaus K. Unger
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 352763326X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346

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Edited by the experts and pioneers in the field, this is the first monograph to cover the topic, containing the must-have information hitherto only scattered among journals. Clearly divided into sections on preparation, characterization and modeling, and applications, this is essential reading for chemists, chromatographers, analytical chemists, biochemists and biologists.

Author: Huan-Cheng Chang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119477085
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 294

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Book Description
The most comprehensive reference on fluorescent nanodiamond physical and chemical properties and contemporary applications Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have drawn a great deal of attention over the past several years, and their applications and development potential are proving to be manifold and vast. The first and only book of its kind, Fluorescent Nanodiamonds is a comprehensive guide to the basic science and technical information needed to fully understand the fundamentals of FNDs and their potential applications across an array of domains. In demonstrating the importance of FNDs in biological applications, the authors bring together all relevant chemistry, physics, materials science and biology. Nanodiamonds are produced by powerful cataclysmic events such as explosions, volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts. They also can be created in the lab by high-pressure high-temperature treatment of graphite or detonating an explosive in a reactor vessel. A single imperfection can give a nanodiamond a specific, isolated color center which allows it to function as a single, trapped atom. Much smaller than the thickness of a human hair, a nanodiamond can have a huge surface area that allows it to bond with a variety of other materials. Because of their non-toxicity, nanodiamonds may be useful in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and gene therapy. The most comprehensive reference on a topic of rapidly increasing interest among academic and industrial researchers across an array of fields Includes numerous case studies and practical examples from many areas of research and industrial applications, as well as fascinating and instructive historical perspectives Each chapter addresses, in-depth, a single integral topic including the fundamental properties, synthesis, mechanisms and functionalisation of FNDs The first book published by the key patent holder with his research group in the field of FNDs Fluorescent Nanodiamonds is an important working resource for a broad range of scientists and engineers in industry and academia. It will also be a welcome reference for instructors in chemistry, physics, materials science, biology and related fields.

Author: Dean Alan Eckhoff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309225930
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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Book Description
Small particles are ubiquitous in the natural and built worlds and have tremendous impact throughout. However, a lack of understanding about the properties and chemical composition of small particles limits our ability to predict, and control their applications and impacts. Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscales summarizes presentations and discussions at a 2010 National Academies roundtable. Speakers at this roundtable discussed the crucial types of information that need to be determined about small particles in different media. They also explored the critical importance of small particles in environmental science, materials and chemical sciences, biological science, and engineering, and the many challenges involved in characterizing materials at the nano- and microscales. The discussions on characterization included static, dynamic, experimental, computational, and theoretical characterization. The workshop also included several "research tool" presentations that highlighted new advances in characterizing small particles.

Author: Hank Deuermeyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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A novel series of fluorescent nanoparticle conjugates were designed and synthesized for the selective turn-off sensing of low concentrations of Cu2+ ion (nM-ÎơM) in 2:1 ethanol:10 mM HEPES (pH 7). Silica nanoparticles (~250 nm) were modified with heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers and a third generation PAMAM dendron to function as chelator for Cu2+ ions. The organic dye fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was subsequently conjugated to the dendron to act as a fluorescent sensitizer for the nanoparticle that is quenched upon the binding of Cu2+. Fluorescent nanoparticle conjugates using third and fourth generation PAMAM dendrimers (SNP-G3-FITC and SNP-G4-FITC) were synthesized for comparison. The dendron conjugate (SNP-PEG8-G3S-FITC) was determined to have a higher dynamic range (0.10-1.99 ÎơM Cu2+) than the dendrimer counterparts (0.02 -0.30 ÎơM Cu2+). A follow- up series of sensors were designed and synthesized using FITC-conjugated silica nanoparticles for use in characterization of the surface using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). These conjugates provide examples of an attractive modular framework for other fluorescent nanoparticles to be synthesized and tailored to analytes of interest. Silica nanoparticle conjugates can be readily synthesized using known reactions, easily isolated from reaction solutions, and they remain undetectable in fluorescent experiments.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309225906
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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Book Description
Small particles are ubiquitous in the natural and built worlds and have tremendous impact throughout. However, a lack of understanding about the properties and chemical composition of small particles limits our ability to predict, and control their applications and impacts. Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscales summarizes presentations and discussions at a 2010 National Academies roundtable. Speakers at this roundtable discussed the crucial types of information that need to be determined about small particles in different media. They also explored the critical importance of small particles in environmental science, materials and chemical sciences, biological science, and engineering, and the many challenges involved in characterizing materials at the nano- and microscales. The discussions on characterization included static, dynamic, experimental, computational, and theoretical characterization. The workshop also included several "research tool" presentations that highlighted new advances in characterizing small particles.