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Author: Office of technology assessment washington dc Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 92
Book Description
Agricultural productivity has increased markedly in recent years-more rapidly, in fact, than productivity in the overall U.S. economy. Many attribute a large part of this growth to public sector agricultural research, which is carried out primarily by land grant universities and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's research agencies. Despite this success, however, new budget constraints, scientific advances, and public demands for environmental safety are presenting the agricultural research system with the greatest challenges it has faced since its inception, more than a century ago. Questions have been raised about whether the old research institutions are still useful, and about how they should adapt to accommodate the new realities of the 1990s. In discussions leading up to the 1995 farm bill, agricultural research policy has been put squarely on the negotiating table. Policymakers have been particularly interested in how well the agricultural system has responded to legislative directives in the past farm bill that called for a clarification of the purposes of agricultural research and extension, a national competitive research initiative, a sustainable agricultural research program, and research efforts to create new agricultural crops and new uses for agricultural commodities. This report responds to a bipartisan request from the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry to determine the progress the research system has made in meeting the objectives set forth in these new areas, and to provide guidance on the management of agricultural research. In doing so, the report focuses on new ways to finance, organize, and manage agricultural research to prepare the system for the challenges of the next century.
Author: United States. National Agricultural Research and Extension Users Advisory Board Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agriculture Languages : en Pages : 80
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309170346 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) requested that the Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources of the National Research Council (NRC) convene a panel of experts to examine whether publicly funded agricultural research has influenced the structure of U.S. agriculture and, if so, how. The Committee to Review the Role of Publicly Funded Agricultural Research on the Structure of U.S. Agriculture was asked to assess the role of public-sector agricultural research on changes in the size and numbers of farms, with particular emphasis on the evolution of very-large-scale operations.
Author: Julian M. Alston Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: 0801866049 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
Agricultural research and development have profoundly increased the quantity and quality of food production in the twentieth century. As populations increase, however, and land and water resources become more scarce, we must improve productivity and efficiency to provide adequate food supplies. Issues such as the environment, genetic diversity, food safety, poverty, human health, animal rights, public versus private responsibilities, and the question of intellectual property rights further complicate this task. Agricultural Science Policy: Changing Global Agendas consists of twelve chapters that describe important issues in agricultural science policy, the relevant facts, current economic thinking, and new results. Topics Include: Changing Global Contexts and Agendas for Agricultural R & D; Productivity Measures and Measurement; Research, Productivity, and Natural Resources; Research for Genetic Improvement; and a Conclusion, which suggests directions for the future. The chapters in this volume will provide researchers and policy makers with a timely review of progress on the existing agenda as well as laying the foundation for a new agenda and new directions for global agricultural science policy in the 21st century. Contributors: Julian M. Alston, University of California-Davis ? Walter J. Armbruster, President of the Farm Foundation ? Peter J. Barry, University of Illinois ? Wilfred Beckerman, University of Oxford ? Derek Byerlee, World Bank ? Barbara J. Craig, Oberlin College ? Robert Evenson, Yale University ? Richard Gray, University of Saskatchewan ? Zvi Griliches, Harvard University ? Paul W. Heisey, U.S. Department of Agriculture ? Frances Homans, University of Minnesota ? Peter Lindert, University of California-Davis ? Stavroula Malla, University of Saskatchewan ? Philip G. Pardey, International Food Policy Research Institute and University of Minnesota ? Prabhu L. Pingali, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center ? Ismail Serageldin, World Bank and the American University in Cairo ? Michael J. Taylor, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry, Australia ? Greg Traxler, Auburn University ? James Wilen, University of California-Davis ? Brian Wright, University of California-Berkeley. Published in cooperation with the International Food Policy Research Institute.
Author: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. National Agricultural Research and Extension Users Advisory Board Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agriculture Languages : en Pages : 0
Author: Gale A. Buchanan Publisher: Texas A&M University Press ISBN: 1623493706 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 346
Book Description
The astounding success of agricultural research has enabled farmers to produce increasingly more—and more kinds—of food throughout the world. But with a projected 9 billion people to feed by 2050, veteran researcher Gale Buchanan fears that human confidence in this ample supply, especially in the US, has created unrealistic expectations for the future. Without a working knowledge of what types and amounts of research produced the bounty we enjoy today, we will not be prepared to support the research necessary to face the challenges ahead, including population growth, climate change, and water and energy scarcity. In this book, Buchanan describes the historical commitment to research and the phenomenal changes it brought to our ability to feed ourselves. He also prescribes a path for the future, pointing the way toward an adequately funded, more creative agricultural research system that involves scientists, administrators, educators, farmers, politicians, and consumers; resides in one “stand alone” agency; enjoys a consistent funding stream; and operates internationally.