CFD Analysis of Thermal Shadowing and Optimization of Heat Sinks in 3rd Generation Open Compute Server for Single Phase Immersion Cooling Applications PDF Download
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Author: Ravya Dandamudi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 67
Book Description
In today's networking world, utilization of servers and data center has been increasing significantly. Increasing demands of processing and storage of data causes corresponding increase in power density of servers. The data center energy efficiency largely depends on thermal management of servers. Currently, air cooling is the most widely used thermal management technology in data centers. However, air cooling is starting to reach its limits due to very high-powered microprocessors and packaging. To overcome the limitations of air cooling in data centers, operators are moving towards immersion cooling using different dielectric fluids. Thermal shadowing is the effect in which temperature of a cooling medium increases by carrying heat from one server and results in decreasing its heat carrying capacity due to a reduction in the temperature difference between the maximum junction temperature of successive heat sinks and incoming fluid. Thermal Shadowing is a challenge for both air and low velocity oil flow cooling and as such, both air and low velocity dielectric flow cooling technologies need to be optimized to get high energy efficiency. In this study, the impact of Thermal Shadowing between different Dielectric Fluids is compared. The results of dielectric fluids, Mineral Oil and Synthetic Fluid EC100 are compared. The heat sink is a critical part for cooling effectiveness at server level. This work also provides an efficient range of operation for heat sink with computational modelling of third generation open compute server. Optimization of heat sink can allow to cool high-power density servers effectively. A parametric study is conducted, and the thermal efficiency has been optimized.
Author: Ravya Dandamudi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 67
Book Description
In today's networking world, utilization of servers and data center has been increasing significantly. Increasing demands of processing and storage of data causes corresponding increase in power density of servers. The data center energy efficiency largely depends on thermal management of servers. Currently, air cooling is the most widely used thermal management technology in data centers. However, air cooling is starting to reach its limits due to very high-powered microprocessors and packaging. To overcome the limitations of air cooling in data centers, operators are moving towards immersion cooling using different dielectric fluids. Thermal shadowing is the effect in which temperature of a cooling medium increases by carrying heat from one server and results in decreasing its heat carrying capacity due to a reduction in the temperature difference between the maximum junction temperature of successive heat sinks and incoming fluid. Thermal Shadowing is a challenge for both air and low velocity oil flow cooling and as such, both air and low velocity dielectric flow cooling technologies need to be optimized to get high energy efficiency. In this study, the impact of Thermal Shadowing between different Dielectric Fluids is compared. The results of dielectric fluids, Mineral Oil and Synthetic Fluid EC100 are compared. The heat sink is a critical part for cooling effectiveness at server level. This work also provides an efficient range of operation for heat sink with computational modelling of third generation open compute server. Optimization of heat sink can allow to cool high-power density servers effectively. A parametric study is conducted, and the thermal efficiency has been optimized.
Author: Koushik Epuri Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
Air cooling is predominant cooling technique employed in most of the data centers. As the demand for High performance computing (HPC) which deploy large concentration of high-end servers (30 kW to 200 kW per rack) is increasing, it is becoming challenging to cool the systems using air cooling. Liquid cooling has significant advantages over air cooling techniques due to higher heat capacities of fluids. Liquid immersion cooling using dielectric and non-corrosive mineral oils is one of the potential alternative to air cooling methods for high density data centers. In this work, we consider a third generation open compute server optimized for air cooling and find optimal heat sinks for immersion cooling. It is possible to use low profile heatsinks due to the thermal mass of the liquid vs air and thus reduce the server profile and potentially increase the server density in a rack. CFD is used to design the optimal heatsink.
Author: Mangesh Mohan Dhadve Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 51
Book Description
In recent years, there have been a phenomenal increase in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning that require data collection, mining and using data sets to teach computers certain things to learn, analyze image and speech recognition. Machine Learning tasks require a lot of computing power to carry out numerous calculations. Therefore, most servers are powered by Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) instead of traditional CPUs. GPUs provide more computational throughput per dollar spent than traditional CPUs. Open Compute Servers forum has introduced the state-of-the-art machine learning servers "Big Sur" recently. Big Sur unit consists of 4OU (OpenU) chassis housing eight NVIDIA Tesla M40 GPUs and two CPUs along with SSD storage and hot-swappable fans at the rear. Management of the airflow is a critical requirement in the implementation of air cooling for rack mount servers to ensure that all components, especially critical devices such as CPUs and GPUs, receive adequate flow as per requirement. In addition, component locations within the chassis play a vital role in the passage of airflow and affect the overall system resistance. In this paper, sizeable improvement in chassis ducting is targeted to counteract effects of air diffusion at the rear of air flow duct in "Big Sur" Open Compute machine learning server wherein GPUs are located directly downstream from CPUs. A CFD simulation of the detailed server model is performed with the objective of understanding the effect of air flow bypass on GPU die temperatures and fan power consumption. The cumulative effect was studied by simulations to see improvements in fan power consumption by the server.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In this study, forced cooling of heat sinks mounted on CPU’s was investigated. Heat sink effectiveness, effect of turbulence models, effect of radiation heat transfer and different heat sink geometries were numerically analyzed by commercially available computational fluid dynamics softwares Icepak and Fluent. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data and they were in good agreement. Conjugate heat transfer is simulated for all the electronic cards and packages by solving Navier-Stokes equations. Grid independent, well converged and well posed models were run and the results were compared. The best heat sink geometry is selected and it is modified in order to have lower maximum temperature distribution in the heat sink.
Author: Rangasamy Parthiban Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic books Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Liquid cooling is an extremely successful process to remove excess heat generated, with the usual procedure of heat transfer using coolant in desktop PCs. In this regard, heat transfer with minimal size equipment can be achieved by the addition of nanosized solid particles to the base fluid. The hybrid nanofluid is synthesized by dispersing the synthesized mono nanofluid in a volume fraction of 0.2 iron oxide with 0.8 fractions of graphene nanofluid to form a graphene/iron oxide combination. These nanoparticles increase the heat transfer coefficient as they have high thermal conductivity when compared to conventional heat transfer fluids like water or ethylene glycol. Stability is increased and sedimentation is reduced because of the large surface area of a nanoparticle. FLUENT, the most widely used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package, based on the finite volume method, and is used to run the thermal simulations for estimating the base temperature of the heat sink. The scope of this chapter is to find the base temperature of the heat sink using simulations. The experimentally measured base temperature is 310.01 K and in the simulation, it is 310.81 K for the flow rate of 0.75LPM. All the simulated surface temperatures are compared with experimentally determined temperatures for simulation validation.
Author: Bahman Zohuri Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319298410 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 539
Book Description
This book provides a practical study of modern heat pipe engineering, discussing how it can be optimized for use on a wider scale. An introduction to operational and design principles, this book offers a review of heat and mass transfer theory relevant to performance, leading into and exploration of the use of heat pipes, particularly in high-heat flux applications and in situations in which there is any combination of non-uniform heat loading, limited airflow over the heat generating components, and space or weight constraints. Key implementation challenges are tackled, including load-balancing, materials characteristics, operating temperature ranges, thermal resistance, and operating orientation. With its presentation of mathematical models to calculate heat transfer limitations and temperature gradient of both high- and low-temperature heat pipes, the book compares calculated results with the available experimental data. It also includes a series of computer programs developed by the author to support presented data, aid design, and predict performance.
Author: Saad Motahhir Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030645657 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 600
Book Description
This book presents a detailed description, analysis, comparison of the latest research and developments in photovoltaic energy. Discussing everything from semiconductors to system integration, and applying various advanced technologies to stand alone and electric utility interfaced in normal and abnormal operating conditions of PV systems, this book provides a thorough introduction to the topic. This book brings together research from around the world, covering the use of technologies such as embedded systems, the Internet of things and blockchain technologies for PV systems for different applications including controllers, solar trackers and cooling systems. The book is of interest to electronic and mechanical engineers, researchers and students in the field of photovoltaics.
Author: Thomas Auer Publisher: ISBN: 9789492516299 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The PowerSkin Conference aims to address the role of building skinsto accomplish a carbon neutral building stock. Topics such as buildingoperation, embodied energy, energy generation and storage in context offacades, structure and environment are considered."
Author: Hwaiyu Geng Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118436636 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 720
Book Description
Provides the fundamentals, technologies, and best practices in designing, constructing and managing mission critical, energy efficient data centers Organizations in need of high-speed connectivity and nonstop systems operations depend upon data centers for a range of deployment solutions. A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. It generally includes multiple power sources, redundant data communications connections, environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression) and security devices. With contributions from an international list of experts, The Data Center Handbook instructs readers to: Prepare strategic plan that includes location plan, site selection, roadmap and capacity planning Design and build "green" data centers, with mission critical and energy-efficient infrastructure Apply best practices to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions Apply IT technologies such as cloud and virtualization Manage data centers in order to sustain operations with minimum costs Prepare and practice disaster reovery and business continuity plan The book imparts essential knowledge needed to implement data center design and construction, apply IT technologies, and continually improve data center operations.
Author: Ravya Dandamudi
Author: Ravya Dandamudi
Author: Koushik Epuri![CFD Simulation and Design Optimization to Improve Cooling Performance of Open Compute 'Big Sur' Server (Reprinted with ASME Permission) [13] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/dFZCzwEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Mangesh Mohan Dhadve
Author: 
Author: Deepak Bazaz
Author: Rangasamy Parthiban
Author: Bahman Zohuri
Author: Saad Motahhir
Author: Thomas Auer
Author: Hwaiyu Geng