Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis PDF full book. Access full book title Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis by Edwin Wan. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Edwin Wan Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039435558 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 182
Book Description
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders in young adults. The etiology of MS is not known, but it is generally accepted that it is autoimmune in nature. Our knowledge of the pathogenesis of MS has increased tremendously in the past decade through clinical studies and the use of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model that has been widely used for MS research. Major advances in the field, such as understanding the roles of pathogenic Th17 cells, myeloid cells, and B cells in MS/EAE, as well as cytokine and chemokine signaling that controls neuroinflammation, have led to the development of potential and clinically approved disease-modifying agents (DMAs). There are many aspects related to the initiation, relapse and remission, and progression of MS that are yet to be elucidated. For instance, what are the genetic and environmental risk factors that promote the initiation of MS, and how do these factors impact the immune system? What factors drive the progression of MS, and what are the roles of peripheral immune cells in disease progression? How do the CNS-infiltrated immune cells interact with the CNS-resident glial cells when the disease progresses? What is the role of microbiome in MS? Can we develop animal models that better represent subcategories of MS? Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the pathogenesis of MS will help to develop novel and more specific therapeutic strategies that will ultimately improve clinical outcomes of the treatments. This Special Issue of Cells has published original research articles, a retrospective clinical report, and review articles that investigate the cellular and molecular basis of MS.
Author: Edwin Wan Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039435558 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 182
Book Description
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders in young adults. The etiology of MS is not known, but it is generally accepted that it is autoimmune in nature. Our knowledge of the pathogenesis of MS has increased tremendously in the past decade through clinical studies and the use of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model that has been widely used for MS research. Major advances in the field, such as understanding the roles of pathogenic Th17 cells, myeloid cells, and B cells in MS/EAE, as well as cytokine and chemokine signaling that controls neuroinflammation, have led to the development of potential and clinically approved disease-modifying agents (DMAs). There are many aspects related to the initiation, relapse and remission, and progression of MS that are yet to be elucidated. For instance, what are the genetic and environmental risk factors that promote the initiation of MS, and how do these factors impact the immune system? What factors drive the progression of MS, and what are the roles of peripheral immune cells in disease progression? How do the CNS-infiltrated immune cells interact with the CNS-resident glial cells when the disease progresses? What is the role of microbiome in MS? Can we develop animal models that better represent subcategories of MS? Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the pathogenesis of MS will help to develop novel and more specific therapeutic strategies that will ultimately improve clinical outcomes of the treatments. This Special Issue of Cells has published original research articles, a retrospective clinical report, and review articles that investigate the cellular and molecular basis of MS.
Author: Edwin Wan Publisher: ISBN: 9783039435562 Category : Languages : en Pages : 182
Book Description
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders in young adults. The etiology of MS is not known, but it is generally accepted that it is autoimmune in nature. Our knowledge of the pathogenesis of MS has increased tremendously in the past decade through clinical studies and the use of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model that has been widely used for MS research. Major advances in the field, such as understanding the roles of pathogenic Th17 cells, myeloid cells, and B cells in MS/EAE, as well as cytokine and chemokine signaling that controls neuroinflammation, have led to the development of potential and clinically approved disease-modifying agents (DMAs). There are many aspects related to the initiation, relapse and remission, and progression of MS that are yet to be elucidated. For instance, what are the genetic and environmental risk factors that promote the initiation of MS, and how do these factors impact the immune system? What factors drive the progression of MS, and what are the roles of peripheral immune cells in disease progression? How do the CNS-infiltrated immune cells interact with the CNS-resident glial cells when the disease progresses? What is the role of microbiome in MS? Can we develop animal models that better represent subcategories of MS? Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the pathogenesis of MS will help to develop novel and more specific therapeutic strategies that will ultimately improve clinical outcomes of the treatments. This Special Issue of Cells has published original research articles, a retrospective clinical report, and review articles that investigate the cellular and molecular basis of MS.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9789088918469 Category : Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
"Multiple sclerose (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which autoimmune demyelination leads to severe and progressive neurologic decline. A hallmark of MS is its clinical and pathological heterogeneity. This is most evident in the highly variable and unpredictable disease course: some MS patients may remain relatively asymptomatic for decades, whereas others may progress to a state of severe disability and death within years or in cases with fulminant disease even within months after onset. Strongly implicated in the heterogeneity of MS are inter-individual differences in cortisol production by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. In most MS patients, the HPA-axis is strongly activated. However, we and others identified an association between low HPA-axis activity and more severe MS. Therefore, this thesis aimed to provide a better understanding of the relation between activity and regulation of the HPA-axis and various aspects of MS: clinical course, neurodegeneration, lesion pathology, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms, and molecular as well as cellular characteristics of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). On the whole, this thesis supports the conclusion that high stress-axis activity substantially contributes to suppression of MS disease activity, as the presented evidence strongly suggests that it impacts on clinical course, lesion pathology as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms in the NAWM. Finding ways to evaluate and possibly modify stress-axis responsiveness to inflammation might therefore improve the clinical care of MS patients. In addition, identifying mechanisms to modulate microglia and glucocorticoid-related molecular pathways in the NAWM may represent a valuable therapeutic strategy for preventing lesion formation and disease progression in MS."--Samenvatting auteur.
Author: Roland Martin Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642141536 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
Despite major efforts by the scientific community over the years, our understanding of the pathogenesis or the mechanisms of injury of multiple sclerosis is still limited. Consequently, the current strategies for treatment and management of patients are limited in their efficacy. The mechanisms of tissue protection and repair are probably even less understood. One reason for these limitations is the enormous complexity of the disease and every facet of its pathogenesis, the mechanisms of tissue injury, the diagnostic procedures and finally the efficacy of treatments and their side effects. The aim of this book is to review the most recent advances made in this highly complex field.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309072859 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 457
Book Description
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and often disabling disease of the nervous system, affecting about 1 million people worldwide. Even though it has been known for over a hundred years, no cause or cure has yet been discovered-but now there is hope. New therapies have been shown to slow the disease progress in some patients, and the pace of discoveries about the cellular machinery of the brain and spinal cord has accelerated. This book presents a comprehensive overview of multiple sclerosis today, as researchers seek to understand its processes, develop therapies that will slow or halt the disease and perhaps repair damage, offer relief for specific symptoms, and improve the abilities of MS patients to function in their daily lives. The panel reviews existing knowledge and identifies key research questions, focusing on: Research strategies that have the greatest potential to understand the biological mechanisms of recovery and to translate findings into specific strategies for therapy. How people adapt to MS and the research needed to improve the lives of people with MS. Management of disease symptoms (cognitive impairment, depression, spasticity, vision problems, and others). The committee also discusses ways to build and financially support the MS research enterprise, including a look at challenges inherent in designing clinical trials. This book will be important to MS researchers, research funders, health care advocates for MS research and treatment, and interested patients and their families.
Author: Nicholas M Boulis Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128025247 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Motor Neuron Diseases discusses the basics of the diseases, also covering advances in research and clinical trials. The book provides a resource for students that will help them learn the basics in a detailed manner that is required for scientists and clinicians. Users will find a comprehensive overview of the background of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS/Lou Gehrig's Disease) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), along with the current understanding of their genetics and mechanisms. In addition, the book details gene and cell therapies that have been developed and their translation to clinical trials. - Provides an overview of gene and cell therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other motor neuron diseases - Edited by a leading Neurosurgeon and two research scientists to promote synthesis between basic neuroscience and clinical relevance - Presents a great resource for researchers and practitioners in neuroscience, neurology, and gene and cell therapy
Author: W. C. Russell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating demyelinating disease with complex aetiology which defies simple molecular description. Molecular Biology of Multiple Sclerosis provides a compendium of information on the molecular aspects of the disease. It embraces contributions on the biology and pathology of the cells of the central nervous system as well as recent advances in our understanding of the relevant biochemistry, immunology, genetics and virology. With this enhanced knowledge the prospects for transplantation and repair of the damaged myelin as well as approaches to rational therapy are considered. Studies in MS embrace a wide spectrum of disciplines and this volume will be indispensible to neurologist, molecular biologists, biochemists, microbiologists, geneticists and immunologists with an interest in MS.
Author: Graig Chirathiti Suvannavejh Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Taken together, we have provided evidence for two potential mechanisms of disease remission, one involving interactions between death inducing ligands and their receptors, and another using immunoregulatory cells. This study provides keen insight and far-ranging implications in not only understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, but also in the design of therapeutic applications and regimens for their subsequent treatment.
Author: Robert H. Miller Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128072326 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 55
Book Description
The most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in the young adult population is multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is characterized by the focal loss of myelin sheaths in the brain and in the spinal cord of patients that is correlated with elevated activity of the immune system directed toward CNS antigens including myelin. The progression of MS is highly variable, but in many cases, it is characterized by a series of relapsing and remitting attacks that slowly increase residual functional deficit. Often, after several years, the disease transitions to a more progressive phenotype. Much of what is known about the pathology of MS is derived from a number of animal models. The most common animal model for the study of MS is experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE), which depending upon the host animal can present as relapsing/remitting or progressive disease. Although EAE has provided mechanistic insights implicating T-cell activation in the onset and progression of disease, understanding the mechanisms of pathology onset and myelin repair in the CNS require alternative models. One emerging hypothesis is that activation of T cells is secondary to pathogenesis of oligodendrocytes and animals models in which targeted loss of oligodendrocytes are beginning to reveal an understanding of the initiation of CNS demyelination. Myelin repair is difficult to study in the setting of EAE or oligodendrocyte pathogenesis; however, toxin models that result in localized demyelination as a consequence of direct injection or oral delivery have provided critical insights into cells of origin, timing, and molecular mechanisms guiding remyelination. Taken together, these three distinct model systems provide a strong basis for dissecting cell and molecular mechanism of demyelination as well as characterizing the efficacy of targeted therapeutics.
Author: Edwin Wan
Author: Edwin Wan
Author: Edwin Wan
Author: 
Author: Roland Martin
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Ian S. Zagon
Author: Nicholas M Boulis
Author: W. C. Russell
Author: Graig Chirathiti Suvannavejh
Author: Robert H. Miller