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Author: Dragana Jankovic Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889195651 Category : Immunologic diseases Languages : en Pages : 113
Book Description
CD4+ T lymphocytes play an essential role in host defense against bacterial, parasitic and viral infections. During infection, under the influence of intrinsic signals received through peptide-MHC/TCR interactions and extrinsic signals provided by pathogen-conditioned dendritic and other accessory cells, CD4+ T cells proliferate and differentiate into specialized T helper (Th) effectors, which produce distinct sets of cytokines tailored to combat a specific class of microbes. The concept of CD4+ T cell multi-functionality was developed after the seminal discovery of Th1 and Th2 cells nearly 30 years ago. Although the Th1/Th2 paradigm has successfully withstood the test of time, in the past decade additional Th subsets (Th17, Tfh, Th22, Th9) have been identified. Similarly, single cell analyses of cytokines and master transcriptional factors have revealed that, at the population level, CD4+ T cell responses are far more heterogeneous than initially anticipated. While some of the checkpoints in Th cell specification have been identified, recent studies of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation have uncovered a significant flexibility during the course CD4+ T lymphocyte polarization. In addition, Th cells expressing cytokines with counteracting functions, as a measure of self-regulation, display yet another level of diversity. Understanding the mechanisms that control the balance between stability vs. plasticity of Th effectors both at the time of initiation of immune response and during development of CD4 T cell memory is critical for the rational design of better vaccines and new immunotherapeutic strategies. This research topic will cover current views on Th cell development, with a focus on the mechanisms that govern differentiation, function and regulation of effector Th cells in the context of microbial infections.
Author: Dragana Jankovic Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889195651 Category : Immunologic diseases Languages : en Pages : 113
Book Description
CD4+ T lymphocytes play an essential role in host defense against bacterial, parasitic and viral infections. During infection, under the influence of intrinsic signals received through peptide-MHC/TCR interactions and extrinsic signals provided by pathogen-conditioned dendritic and other accessory cells, CD4+ T cells proliferate and differentiate into specialized T helper (Th) effectors, which produce distinct sets of cytokines tailored to combat a specific class of microbes. The concept of CD4+ T cell multi-functionality was developed after the seminal discovery of Th1 and Th2 cells nearly 30 years ago. Although the Th1/Th2 paradigm has successfully withstood the test of time, in the past decade additional Th subsets (Th17, Tfh, Th22, Th9) have been identified. Similarly, single cell analyses of cytokines and master transcriptional factors have revealed that, at the population level, CD4+ T cell responses are far more heterogeneous than initially anticipated. While some of the checkpoints in Th cell specification have been identified, recent studies of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation have uncovered a significant flexibility during the course CD4+ T lymphocyte polarization. In addition, Th cells expressing cytokines with counteracting functions, as a measure of self-regulation, display yet another level of diversity. Understanding the mechanisms that control the balance between stability vs. plasticity of Th effectors both at the time of initiation of immune response and during development of CD4 T cell memory is critical for the rational design of better vaccines and new immunotherapeutic strategies. This research topic will cover current views on Th cell development, with a focus on the mechanisms that govern differentiation, function and regulation of effector Th cells in the context of microbial infections.
Author: Sara Imari Walker Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108116507 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 517
Book Description
Recent advances suggest that the concept of information might hold the key to unravelling the mystery of life's nature and origin. Fresh insights from a broad and authoritative range of articulate and respected experts focus on the transition from matter to life, and hence reconcile the deep conceptual schism between the way we describe physical and biological systems. A unique cross-disciplinary perspective, drawing on expertise from philosophy, biology, chemistry, physics, and cognitive and social sciences, provides a new way to look at the deepest questions of our existence. This book addresses the role of information in life, and how it can make a difference to what we know about the world. Students, researchers, and all those interested in what life is and how it began will gain insights into the nature of life and its origins that touch on nearly every domain of science.
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 012821323X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 438
Book Description
Inflammatory Disorders - Part B, Volume 120 explores inflammation in the immune system and how the body's own cells or tissues may cause abnormal inflammation, thus resulting in chronic pain, redness, swelling, stiffness, and damage to normal tissues. Chapters in this updated volume include Proteins in monogenic autoinflammatory disorders, Virulence factors and their roles in periodontal disease pathogenesis, Role of Heat shock proteins in Inflammatory disorder Rheumatoid Arthritis, Novel targeted therapies for Crohn's disease: Recent progress and future perspectives, Dietary plant flavonoids in prevention of obesity and diabetes, Small RNAs in allergic diseases, Inflammation and inflammasome during ageing and age-related diseases, and more. - Integrates methods for studying inflammatory disorders, mechanisms that trigger these disorders, and strategies for managing inflammatory disorders - Contains timely chapters written by well-renowned authorities in their field - Provides a number of high-quality illustrations, figures and tables - Targets a very wide audience of specialists, researchers and students
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309219396 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 570
Book Description
Many potential applications of synthetic and systems biology are relevant to the challenges associated with the detection, surveillance, and responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. On March 14 and 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the current state of the science of synthetic biology, including its dependency on systems biology; discussed the different approaches that scientists are taking to engineer, or reengineer, biological systems; and discussed how the tools and approaches of synthetic and systems biology were being applied to mitigate the risks associated with emerging infectious diseases. The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic distillation of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Its purpose is to present information from relevant experience, to delineate a range of pivotal issues and their respective challenges, and to offer differing perspectives on the topic as discussed and described by the workshop participants. This report also includes a collection of individually authored papers and commentary.
Author: Michel Tibayrenc Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470114193 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 807
Book Description
Discover how the application of novel multidisciplinary, integrative approaches and technologies are dramatically changing our understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and their treatments. Each article presents the state of the science, with a strong emphasis on new and emerging medical applications. The Encyclopedia of Infectious Diseases is organized into five parts. The first part examines current threats such as AIDS, malaria, SARS, and influenza. The second part addresses the evolution of pathogens and the relationship between human genetic diversity and the spread of infectious diseases. The next two parts highlight the most promising uses of molecular identification, vector control, satellite detection, surveillance, modeling, and high-throughput technologies. The final part explores specialized topics of current concern, including bioterrorism, world market and infectious diseases, and antibiotics for public health. Each article is written by one or more leading experts in the field of infectious diseases. These experts place all the latest findings from various disciplines in context, helping readers understand what is currently known, what the next generation of breakthroughs is likely to be, and where more research is needed. Several features facilitate research and deepen readers' understanding of infectious diseases: Illustrations help readers understand the pathogenesis and diagnosis of infectious diseases Lists of Web resources serve as a gateway to important research centers, government agencies, and other sources of information from around the world Information boxes highlight basic principles and specialized terminology International contributions offer perspectives on how infectious diseases are viewed by different cultures A special chapter discusses the representation of infectious diseases in art With its multidisciplinary approach, this encyclopedia helps point researchers in new promising directions and helps health professionals better understand the nature and treatment of infectious diseases.
Author: Hans-Christoph Pape Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387895086 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 462
Book Description
This guide to damage control surgery focuses on the decision-making process for managing polytrauma. Orthopedists, trauma surgeons, and emergency medicine physicians will learn how to effectively coordinate efforts. The book presents an overview of the damage control concept and the epidemiology of polytrauma injuries. Immunological changes, cascade reactions, and patient selection are discussed. Indications for life-saving procedures, damage control for truncal injuries, and damage control for extremities and pelvic fractures are outlined as well. The text also covers vascular injuries and secondary definitive procedures.
Author: Glyn N. Stacey Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780470723784 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 696
Book Description
Medicines from Animal Cell Culture focuses on the use of animal cell culture, which has been used to produce human and veterinary vaccines, interferon, monoclonal antibodies and genetically engineered products such as tPA and erythropoietin. It also addresses the recent dramatic expansion in cell-based therapies, including the use of live cells for tissue regeneration and the culture of stem cells. Medicines from Animal Cell Culture: Provides comprehensive descriptions of methods for cell culture and nutrition as well as the technologies for the preservation and characterisation of both the cells and the derived products Describes the preparation of stem cells and others for use in cell-based therapies – an area of burgeoning research Includes experimental examples to indicate expected results Covers regulatory issues from the UK, the EU and the USA and reviews how these are developing around the world Addresses the key issues of standardisation and validation with chapters on GLP and GMP for cell culture processes Delivering insight into the exciting world of biological medicines and directions for further investigation into specific topics, Medicines from Animal Cell Culture is an essential resource for researchers and technicians at all levels using cell culture within the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and biomedical industries. It is of value to laboratory managers in these industries and to all those interested in this topic alike.
Author: Thomas F. Kresina Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0471461040 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
An Introduction to Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy Edited by Thomas F. Kresina, Ph.D. Gene therapy, or the use of genetic manipulation for disease treatment, is derived from advances in genetics, molecular biology, clinical medicine, and human genomics. Molecular medicine, the application of molecular biological techniques to disease treatment and diagnosis, is derived from the development of human organ transplantation, pharmacotherapy, and elucidation of the human genome. An Introduction to Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy provides a basis for interpreting new clinical and basic research findings in the areas of cloning, gene transfer, and targeting; the applications of genetic medicine to clinical conditions; ethics and governmental regulations; and the burgeoning fields of genomics, biotechnology, and bioinformatics. By dividing the material into three sections - an introduction to basic science, a review of clinical applications, and a discussion of the evolving issues related to gene therapy and molecular medicine-this comprehensive manual describes the basic approaches to the broad range of actual and potential genetic-based therapies. In addition, An Introduction to Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy: * Covers new frontiers in gene therapy, animal models, vectors, gene targeting, and ethical/legal considerations * Provides organ-based reviews of current studies in gene therapy for monogenetic, multifactoral or polygenic disorders, and infectious diseases * Includes bold-faced terms, key concepts, summaries, and lists of helpful references by subject in each chapter * Contains appendices on commercial implications and a review of the history of gene therapy This textbook offers a clear, concise writing style, drawing upon the expertise of the authors, all renowned researchers in their respective specialties of molecular medicine. Researchers in genetics and molecular medicine will all find An Introduction to Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy to be an essential guide to the rapidly evolving field of gene therapy and its applications in molecular medicine.
Author: Michael E. Sughrue Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128136340 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 258
Book Description
New Techniques for Management of 'Inoperable' Gliomas radically challenges the assumption that certain gliomas cannot be removed with modern techniques, contesting stereotypical thinking and establishing new paradigms in the field. Gliomas are primary brain tumors which are often fatal. Recent data has demonstrated that despite the fact that surgery cannot cure gliomas, patient survival is substantially improved by removing as much of the tumor as possible. This fact has raised the imperative that neurologists try to improve techniques to bring surgical resection to as many patients as possible. This book brings new insights and technologies to the forefront, giving hope to patients. - Provides the first comprehensive book to discuss techniques for removing gliomas that are traditionally deemed 'inoperable' - Presents a great reference tool that challenges stereotypical thinking by offering techniques by innovative surgeons - Includes chapters that are organized by different glioma types and surgery/techniques
Author: William Abramovits Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1447167651 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 696
Book Description
Highlighting the available evidence base, this books is the most authoritative manual for clinicians based upon the risks and benefits of the procedure across all indications with special emphasis on a comprehensive review of the many skin lesions amenable to treatment with cryosurgery Practical and yet comprehensive in outlook, in this a group of international authorities in all aspects of cryosurgery and cryotherapy present the most comprehensive clinically relevant reference for practicing dermatology physicians.
Author: Dragana Jankovic
Author: Dragana Jankovic
Author: Sara Imari Walker
Author: 
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Michel Tibayrenc
Author: Hans-Christoph Pape
Author: Glyn N. Stacey
Author: Thomas F. Kresina
Author: Michael E. Sughrue
Author: William Abramovits