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Author: Marc Porosoff Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Alternatively, CO2 can be reduced with ethane from shale gas, which produces either synthesis gas (CO + H2) or ethylene with high selectivity. Pt/CeO2 is a promising catalyst to produce synthesis gas, while Mo2C based materials preserve the C-C bond of ethane to produce ethylene. Ethylene and higher olefins are desirable for their high demand as commodity chemicals; therefore, future studies into CO2 reduction must identify new low-cost materials that are active and stable with higher selectivity toward the production of light olefins.
Author: Marc Porosoff Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Alternatively, CO2 can be reduced with ethane from shale gas, which produces either synthesis gas (CO + H2) or ethylene with high selectivity. Pt/CeO2 is a promising catalyst to produce synthesis gas, while Mo2C based materials preserve the C-C bond of ethane to produce ethylene. Ethylene and higher olefins are desirable for their high demand as commodity chemicals; therefore, future studies into CO2 reduction must identify new low-cost materials that are active and stable with higher selectivity toward the production of light olefins.
Author: Haibin Ning Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The defects-rich cerium oxide (CeO2) supported metal oxide or metal catalysts (Cu, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn and Ru) for catalytic CO2 reduction were studied. For comparison, thermal catalysis, plasma catalysis and electrocatalysis techniques were carried out under various equilibrium and non-equilibrium experimental conditions. The effects of particle morphology, surface modification and reduction treatment on CeO2 supports and supported catalysts were also investigated and discussed to understand the underlying mechanisms in terms of the valence states, surface defects and support-catalyst interaction.A series of surface engineered CeO2 (nanorods, nanocubes, and nanoctahedra) supported metal oxide catalysts were synthesized, characterized and applied to achieve low-temperature and energy-efficient CO2 reduction. The comparison between thermal catalysis under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions and plasma catalysis under non-equilibrium conditions reveals the promotion effect of plasma on the catalytic activity of CO2 hydrogenation with the ionized gas in the plasma region via the formation of highly reactive species (i.e., vibrationally and electronically excited ions and free radicals). The effect of reduction activation treatment was examined that could change the valence states of Ru species and provide alternative reaction pathways for CO2hydrogenation, leading to higher CO2 conversion at low temperature (~95% at 150 oC) under plasma conditions. Furthermore, ~89 % CO2 conversion and ~98 % CH4 selectivity were obtained for surface modified CeO2 nanorods (mCeO2NR) supported RuOx catalysts at 150 oC, companied with excellent stability (~87 % CO2 conversion at 350 oC). Applying surface modification on the CeO2 surface generates more surface defects (oxygen vacancy, voids, and steps, etc.) as anchoring sites for Ru species and increases the thermal stability of catalyst clusters.Additionally, electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 was conducted at room temperature under atmospheric pressure with CeO2 doped RuOx catalyst films. Different CeO2 nanocrystals including pristine CeO2NR, mCeO2NR, CeO2 nanocubes (CeO2NC) and CeO2 nanoctahedra (CeO2NO) were doped into RuOx and the mCeO2NR-RuOx thin film was found to present the highest current density (166 mA/cm2 at -1.6 V vs RHE.) with the highest double-layer capacitance (100 mF/cm2) and lowest resistance from the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry results.
Author: Faisal Mohamed Khan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Carbides Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to synthetic fuels and chemicals is seen as a promising approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Syngas (a mixture of CO and H2) that can be obtained from CO2 via the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction can be further processed through the Fischer Tropsch process to produce higher hydrocarbons. Synthetic natural gas (CH4) produced from the Sabatier reaction can help reducing consumption of fossil fuel and also can serve as an energy reservoir for renewable electricity via power-to-gas. However, utilization of the abovementioned reaction pathways is still limited due to various challenges including catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability. This thesis focuses on the development of catalytic materials for the RWGS and Sabatier reactions. The first part of this thesis first focuses on a literature overview of recent developments in CO2 conversion through the RWGS and Sabatier reaction. Then, the experimental setup, catalyst synthesis procedures, catalytic performance evaluation, and characterization techniques are outlined. The second part discusses the results of the two transition metal carbides tested, namely molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) and cobalt carbide (Co2C). The catalytic performance of these catalysts was evaluated as a function of operation parameters for different synthesis procedures. The mechanisms of catalytic reactions are postulated and catalyst characterization results are provided. To briefly outline the most important findings, the Mo2C catalyst showed nearly complete selectivity towards CO formation at all temperatures tested, whereas the Co2C catalyst appeared to be highly selective towards CH4 formation. The performance of the corresponding metal oxides are also evaluated to evaluate the effect of carburization on the performance of the catalyst. The transitions metal oxides of molybdenum and cobalt both showed a substantial improvement in both conversion and selectivity after the carburization process. The performance of the catalysts supported on Al2O3 at a 1:4 metal-to-support basis was also analyzed. During the stability tests of supported catalysts, CO2 conversions of 84% and 74% were recorded over the Mo2C and Co2C catalysts, respectively, with a negligible drop in catalytic performance after 42 and 64 h time on stream.
Author: Jacques C. Vedrine Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128116323 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 620
Book Description
Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis is an overview of the past, present and future of heterogeneous catalysis using metal oxides catalysts. The book presents the historical, theoretical, and practical aspects of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with fundamental information on heterogeneous catalysis, including reaction mechanisms and kinetics approaches.There is also a focus on the classification of metal oxides used as catalysts, preparation methods and touches on zeolites, mesoporous materials and Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in catalysis. It will touch on acid or base-type reactions, selective (partial) and total oxidation reactions, and enzymatic type reactions The book also touches heavily on the biomass applications of metal oxide catalysts and environmentally related/depollution reactions such as COVs elimination, DeNOx, and DeSOx. Finally, the book also deals with future trends and prospects in metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Presents case studies in each chapter that provide a focus on the industrial applications Includes fundamentals, key theories and practical applications of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis in one comprehensive resource Edited, and contributed, by leading experts who provide perspectives on synthesis, characterization and applications
Author: Marc Robert Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1788019407 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 461
Book Description
Conversion of light and electricity to chemicals is an important component of a sustainable energy system. The exponential growth in renewable energy generation implies that there will be strong market pull for chemical energy storage technology in the near future, and here carbon dioxide utilization must play a central role. The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide is key in achieving these goals. Carbon Dioxide Electrochemistry showcases different advances in the field, and bridges the two worlds of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis that are often perceived as in competition in research. Chapters cover homogeneous and heterogeneous electrochemical reduction of CO2, nanostructures for CO2 reduction, hybrid systems for CO2 conversion, electrochemical reactors, theoretical approaches to catalytic reduction of CO2, and photoelectrodes for electrochemical conversion. With internationally well-known editors and authors, this book will appeal to graduate students and researchers in energy, catalysis, chemical engineering and chemistry who work on carbon dioxide.
Author: Tomas Ramirez Reina Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527346392 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 498
Book Description
A comprehensive guide that offers a review of the current technologies that tackle CO2 emissions The race to reduce CO2 emissions continues to be an urgent global challenge. "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" offers a thorough guide to the most current technologies designed to mitigate CO2 emissions ranging from CO2 capture to CO2 utilization approaches. With contributions from an international panel representing a wide range of expertise, this book contains a multidisciplinary toolkit that covers the myriad aspects of CO2 conversion strategies. Comprehensive in scope, it explores the chemical, physical, engineering and economical facets of CO2 conversion. "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" explores a broad range of topics including linking CFD and process simulations, membranes technologies for efficient CO2 capture-conversion, biogas sweetening technologies, plasma-assisted conversion of CO2, and much more. This important resource: * Addresses a pressing concern of global environmental damage, caused by the greenhouse gases emissions from fossil fuels * Contains a review of the most current developments on the various aspects of CO2 capture and utilization strategies * Incldues information on chemical, physical, engineering and economical facets of CO2 capture and utilization * Offers in-depth insight into materials design, processing characterization, and computer modeling with respect to CO2 capture and conversion Written for catalytic chemists, electrochemists, process engineers, chemical engineers, chemists in industry, photochemists, environmental chemists, theoretical chemists, environmental officers, "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" provides the most current and expert information on the many aspects and challenges of CO2 conversion.
Author: David C Sherrington Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1847551963 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 282
Book Description
The need to improve both the efficiency and environmental acceptability of industrial processes is driving the development of heterogeneous catalysts across the chemical industry, including commodity, specialty and fine chemicals and in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Drawing on international research, Supported Catalysts and their Applications discusses aspects of the design, synthesis and application of solid supported reagents and catalysts, including supported reagents for multi-step organic synthesis; selectivity in oxidation catalysis; mesoporous molecular sieve catalysts; and the use of Zeolite Beta in organic reactions. In addition, the two discrete areas of heterogeneous catalysis (inorganic oxide materials and polymer-based catalysts) that were developing in parallel are now shown to be converging, which will be of great benefit to the whole field. Providing a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in this fast-moving field, this book will be welcomed by industrialists and researchers, particularly in the agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals industries.
Author: Annemie Bogaerts Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3038977500 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Author: Xiao-Feng Wu Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319777572 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 261
Book Description
The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.
Author: Marc Porosoff
Author: Marc Porosoff
Author: Haibin Ning
Author: Faisal Mohamed Khan
Author: Jacques C. Vedrine
Author: Marc Robert
Author: David N. Abram
Author: Tomas Ramirez Reina
Author: David C Sherrington
Author: Annemie Bogaerts
Author: Xiao-Feng Wu