Caractérisation microstructurale des matériaux PDF Download

Author: Claude Esnouf
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782889142644
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: David Brandon
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118681487
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 517

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Book Description
Microstructural characterization is usually achieved by allowing some form of probe to interact with a carefully prepared specimen. The most commonly used probes are visible light, X-ray radiation, a high-energy electron beam, or a sharp, flexible needle. These four types of probe form the basis for optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and scanning probe microscopy. Microstructural Characterization of Materials, 2nd Edition is an introduction to the expertise involved in assessing the microstructure of engineering materials and to the experimental methods used for this purpose. Similar to the first edition, this 2nd edition explores the methodology of materials characterization under the three headings of crystal structure, microstructural morphology, and microanalysis. The principal methods of characterization, including diffraction analysis, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and chemical microanalytical techniques are treated both qualitatively and quantitatively. An additional chapter has been added to the new edition to cover surface probe microscopy, and there are new sections on digital image recording and analysis, orientation imaging microscopy, focused ion-beam instruments, atom-probe microscopy, and 3-D image reconstruction. As well as being fully updated, this second edition also includes revised and expanded examples and exercises, with a solutions manual available at http://develop.wiley.co.uk/microstructural2e/ Microstructural Characterization of Materials, 2nd Edition will appeal to senior undergraduate and graduate students of material science, materials engineering, and materials chemistry, as well as to qualified engineers and more advanced researchers, who will find the book a useful and comprehensive general reference source.

Author: François Cardarelli
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319389254
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 2302

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The unique and practical Materials Handbook (third edition) provides quick and easy access to the physical and chemical properties of very many classes of materials. Its coverage has been expanded to include whole new families of materials such as minor metals, ferroalloys, nuclear materials, food, natural oils, fats, resins, and waxes. Many of the existing families—notably the metals, gases, liquids, minerals, rocks, soils, polymers, and fuels—are broadened and refined with new material and up-to-date information. Several of the larger tables of data are expanded and new ones added. Particular emphasis is placed on the properties of common industrial materials in each class. After a chapter introducing some general properties of materials, each of twenty-four classes of materials receives attention in its own chapter. The health and safety issues connected with the use and handling of industrial materials are included. Detailed appendices provide additional information on subjects as diverse as crystallography, spectroscopy, thermochemical data, analytical chemistry, corrosion resistance, and economic data for industrial and hazardous materials. Specific further reading sections and a general bibliography round out this comprehensive guide. The index and tabular format of the book makes light work of extracting what the reader needs to know from the wealth of factual information within these covers. Dr. François Cardarelli has spent many years compiling and editing materials data. His professional expertise and experience combine to make this handbook an indispensable reference tool for scientists and engineers working in numerous fields ranging from chemical to nuclear engineering. Particular emphasis is placed on the properties of common industrial materials in each class. After a chapter introducing some general properties of materials, materials are classified as follows. ferrous metals and their alloys; ferroalloys; common nonferrous metals; less common metals; minor metals; semiconductors and superconductors; magnetic materials; insulators and dielectrics; miscellaneous electrical materials; ceramics, refractories and glasses; polymers and elastomers; minerals, ores and gemstones; rocks and meteorites; soils and fertilizers; construction materials; timbers and woods; fuels, propellants and explosives; composite materials; gases; liquids; food, oils, resin and waxes; nuclear materials. food materials

Author: Aravind Dasari
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118542304
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 383

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The first book to extensively cover nanoparticles, this addresses some of the key issues in nanocomposites. Polymer nanocomposites (polymers reinforced with nanoparticles), are of great interest due to their remarkable mechanical, thermal, chemical properties as well as optical, electronic, and magnetic applications Potential applications include automobile body parts, high-barrier packaging materials, flame-retardants, scratch-resistant composites, and biodegradable nanocomposites Combines basic theory as well as advanced and in-depth knowledge of these properties Broad audience includes researchers in Materials Science, Physics, Polymer Chemistry, and Engineering, and those in industry

Author: David Lopez Ferber
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0

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La limitation de notre impact environnemental passe en partie par la recherche et le développement de nouveaux procédés et matériaux, et les céramiques techniques ont une place essentielle parmi ceux-ci. Les composites à matrices céramiques (CMCs) permettent le renfort de nombreux types de structures, principalement pour des applications à hautes températures, et notamment dans les turbomachines. Ces CMCs utilisent majoritairement des fibres de carbure de silicium (SiC) en tant qu'agent de renfort. Toutefois, le marché des fibres de SiC est dominé par le Japon. Cet oligopole conduit à des problématiques économiques et stratégiques. De plus, les performances thermomécaniques des fibres SiC se dégradent dès 1400 °C en conditions d'utilisation. Dès lors, il apparaît que l'amélioration des performances des CMCs pourra résider dans la substitution du SiC par d'autres systèmes compositionnels plus stables en température. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, les systèmes quaternaires Si-B-C-N et Si-Al-C-N ont été envisagés en substitution du SiC pour leurs performances thermiques et chimiques de premier plan. La voie PDCs (Polymer-Derived Ceramics) a permis d'ajuster la composition des précurseurs à l'échelle moléculaire. La modularité de cette méthode d'élaboration de céramiques réside dans la possibilité de mettre en forme à façon les précurseurs, permettant la synthèse d'objets, dont des fibres, qui ne sont pas accessibles par les méthodes conventionnelles de synthèses. L'élaboration de fibres creuses de large diamètre pour des applications catalytiques ou membranaires est envisagée en complément des fibres micrométriques pour du renforcement de structures. Dans le cadre de ces travaux de thèse, la synthèse de nouveaux précurseurs à façon a été étudiée en couplant différentes techniques de caractérisation des polymères. La conversion polymère-céramique (1000 °C) a également été suivie à l'aide de méthodes de caractérisation dites ex-situ et in-situ afin d'identifier les mécanismes de pyrolyse liés à cette transformation. L'évolution microstructurale des céramiques obtenues à 1000 °C a quant à elle été caractérisée par spectroscopies RMN, Raman et IRTF ainsi que par DRX, MEB-EDX et MET afin d'identifier l'effet de la teneur en bore, voire en aluminium, des céramiques sur la structuration du système Si-C-N. La capacité au filage de précurseurs sélectionnés dans les chapitres 3, 4 et 5 a été étudiée et discutée.

Author: Jean-Sébastien Bour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 137

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On rappelle la corrélation entre les caractéristiques de l'interface (microstructure et composition) et les propriétés mécaniques des composites. On décrit le protocole expérimental établi pour l'étude des interfaces, qui a permis d'analyser la potentialité de la spectrométrie sims pour caractériser les interfaces cylindriques et de préparer les lames minces nécessaires pour étudier les fibres et les composites par microscopie électronique haute résolution et par spectroscopie des pertes d'énergie des électrons. On a étudié trois types de matériaux industriels représentant les différents cas possibles: fibres de faible ou fort diamètre, matrice isolante ou conductrice, duretés des fibres et de la matrice semblables ou très différentes. Ces matériaux sont: des fibres sic nicalon revêtues de sic par cvd; des composites verre/fibres nicalon; des composites de fibres de sic dans une matrice ti-6al-4v

Author: Krzysztof Jan Kurzydlowski
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849389214
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 436

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This book, the product of a deep collaboration between the two authors, strikes a balance between the traditional approach and newly emerging techniques used to obtain a quantitative description of the microstructure of materials. The Quantitative Description of the Microstructure of Materials has a unique format that sets it apart from other books. The first half of the book gives a comprehensive account of the entire quantification process and presents material in a pedagogical style. Numerous examples appear throughout text to illustrate the methodology. A general introduction to the subject and basic concepts, definitions, techniques, and relationships are provided. Aspects of modern stereology are described in detail. Image processing, computer aided procedures of data analysis, and the elements of a system for image analysis also are discussed at length. The remaining chapters treat a series of significant examples in much more detail. This part of text offers information in an easy-to-access reference style, making it extremely useful as a guide to active researchers in the quantification guide. Topics include dislocations, internal and external surfaces, and quantitative characterization of thin film structures. The book covers geometry of grains and its effect on the properties of polycrystals. Particles, pores, and other isolated volumetric elements of the microstructure also are discussed.

Author: Weizhu Bao
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814360902
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 285

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The Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the National University of Singapore hosted a two-month research program on OC Mathematical Theory and Numerical Methods for Computational Materials Simulation and DesignOCO from 1 July to 31 August 2009. As an important part of the program, tutorials and special lectures were given by leading experts in the fields for participating graduate students and junior researchers. This invaluable volume collects four expanded lecture notes with self-contained tutorials. They cover a number of aspects on multiscale modeling, analysis and simulations for problems arising from materials science including some critical components in computational prediction of materials properties such as the multiscale properties of complex materials, properties of defects, interfaces and material microstructures under different conditions, critical issues in developing efficient numerical methods and analytic frameworks for complex and multiscale materials models. This volume serves to inspire graduate students and researchers who choose to embark into original research work in these fields.

Author: H.E. Reinhardt
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482271915
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 343

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This book is an investigation into the barrier qualities of concrete. The transport of fluids, in particular organic and contaminating liquids, through concrete can lead to water and soil pollution. This is a world-wide problem on which there is little published material. This state-of-the-art report redresses the balance and sets out current knowl

Author: OLLIVIER Jean-Pierre
Publisher: Lavoisier
ISBN: 2746288338
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 306

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À l'état durci, le béton est un matériau poreux complexe. Ses propriétés d'usage (performances mécaniques ou thermiques, durabilité…) sont liées à sa structure poreuse qui elle-même dépend de l'arrangement des grains à l'état frais. Étudiant les propriétés des matériaux granulaires et celles de leurs mélanges, cet ouvrage propose différents outils permettant au formulateur de concevoir des bétons de façon innovante. Afin de décrire les méthodes de caractérisation des matériaux, il analyse les propriétés physiques sur lesquelles elles reposent et établit ainsi leurs limites. Il développe également les notions de porosité et de surface spécifique et présente les propriétés de transport des bétons (diffusion et perméation). Chaque chapitre se termine par plusieurs exercices permettant d'assimiler les connaissances théoriques présentées et de les appliquer à des problèmes concrets de génie civil.