Modélisation du comportement à la lixiviation à long terme de déchets stabilisés à l'aide de liants hydrauliques PDF Download
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Author: Sébastien Brault (auteur d'une thèse en géologie en 2001).) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : fr Pages : 0
Book Description
Les procedes de stabilisation/solidification se sont developpes suite a la loi votee en 1992 introduisant des criteres reglementaires pour l'acceptation en decharge des dechets industriels. Cependant, ces criteres ne permettent pas de prevoir le comportement des dechets stockes. Ce programme de recherche menes en collaboration avec la societe inertec consiste donc a evaluer le comportement des dechets stabilises soumis a une lixiviation a long terme, et a developper un modele numerique capable de prevoir le comportement de ces dechets dans des conditions de stockage donnees. La modelisation de l'alteration du dechet stabilise par l'eau necessite d'identifier correctement les divers mecanismes de dissolution et de precipitation des phases neoformees. Ce travail a necessite differents tests experimentaux : des tests d'equilibre visant a determiner la composition chimique d'une solution aqueuse au contact avec les dechets stabilises et des tests de lixiviation prolongee appeles tests soxhlet. Des analyses mineralogiques a l'echelle microscopique ont ete effectuees avant et apres lixiviation. Le modele permet de simuler correctement le comportement des elements mobiles tels que le sodium, le potassium, les chlorures. Etant donne la teneur en metaux lourds presents dans les dechets stabilises, la complexation avec les silicates de calcium hydrates (csh) est un des mecanismes preponderants d'immobilisation des metaux lourds. Un modele de complexation du plomb avec les csh, permettant de simuler leur comportement a ete propose. D'apres la comparaison des resultats experimentaux avec le modele propose, la mise en solution du plomb a long terme dependrait de la vitesse de degradation des csh au cours de la lixiviation. L'application du modele numerique a un scenario de stockage en centre d'enfouissement technique montre que la stabilisation a pour effet de diminuer les concentrations en solution et de retarder l'apparition des chlorures dans l'aquifere.
Author: Sébastien Brault (auteur d'une thèse en géologie en 2001).) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : fr Pages : 0
Book Description
Les procedes de stabilisation/solidification se sont developpes suite a la loi votee en 1992 introduisant des criteres reglementaires pour l'acceptation en decharge des dechets industriels. Cependant, ces criteres ne permettent pas de prevoir le comportement des dechets stockes. Ce programme de recherche menes en collaboration avec la societe inertec consiste donc a evaluer le comportement des dechets stabilises soumis a une lixiviation a long terme, et a developper un modele numerique capable de prevoir le comportement de ces dechets dans des conditions de stockage donnees. La modelisation de l'alteration du dechet stabilise par l'eau necessite d'identifier correctement les divers mecanismes de dissolution et de precipitation des phases neoformees. Ce travail a necessite differents tests experimentaux : des tests d'equilibre visant a determiner la composition chimique d'une solution aqueuse au contact avec les dechets stabilises et des tests de lixiviation prolongee appeles tests soxhlet. Des analyses mineralogiques a l'echelle microscopique ont ete effectuees avant et apres lixiviation. Le modele permet de simuler correctement le comportement des elements mobiles tels que le sodium, le potassium, les chlorures. Etant donne la teneur en metaux lourds presents dans les dechets stabilises, la complexation avec les silicates de calcium hydrates (csh) est un des mecanismes preponderants d'immobilisation des metaux lourds. Un modele de complexation du plomb avec les csh, permettant de simuler leur comportement a ete propose. D'apres la comparaison des resultats experimentaux avec le modele propose, la mise en solution du plomb a long terme dependrait de la vitesse de degradation des csh au cours de la lixiviation. L'application du modele numerique a un scenario de stockage en centre d'enfouissement technique montre que la stabilisation a pour effet de diminuer les concentrations en solution et de retarder l'apparition des chlorures dans l'aquifere.
Book Description
LES PROCEDES DE STABILISATION/SOLIDIFICATION SE SONT DEVELOPPES SUITE A LA LOI VOTEE EN 1992 INTRODUISANT DES CRITERES REGLEMENTAIRES POUR L'ACCEPTATION EN DECHARGE DES DECHETS INDUSTRIELS. CEPENDANT, CES CRITERES NE PERMETTENT PAS DE PREVOIR LE COMPORTEMENT DES DECHETS STOCKES. CE PROGRAMME DE RECHERCHE MENES EN COLLABORATION AVEC LA SOCIETE INERTEC CONSISTE DONC A EVALUER LE COMPORTEMENT DES DECHETS STABILISES SOUMIS A UNE LIXIVIATION A LONG TERME, ET A DEVELOPPER UN MODELE NUMERIQUE CAPABLE DE PREVOIR LE COMPORTEMENT DE CES DECHETS DANS DES CONDITIONS DE STOCKAGE DONNEES. LA MODELISATION DE L'ALTERATION DU DECHET STABILISE PAR L'EAU NECESSITE D'IDENTIFIER CORRECTEMENT LES DIVERS MECANISMES DE DISSOLUTION ET DE PRECIPITATION DES PHASES NEOFORMEES. CE TRAVAIL A NECESSITE DIFFERENTS TESTS EXPERIMENTAUX : DES TESTS D'EQUILIBRE VISANT A DETERMINER LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE D'UNE SOLUTION AQUEUSE AU CONTACT AVEC LES DECHETS STABILISES ET DES TESTS DE LIXIVIATION PROLONGEE APPELES TESTS SOXHLET. DES ANALYSES MINERALOGIQUES A L'ECHELLE MICROSCOPIQUE ONT ETE EFFECTUEES AVANT ET APRES LIXIVIATION. LE MODELE PERMET DE SIMULER CORRECTEMENT LE COMPORTEMENT DES ELEMENTS MOBILES TELS QUE LE SODIUM, LE POTASSIUM, LES CHLORURES. ETANT DONNE LA TENEUR EN METAUX LOURDS PRESENTS DANS LES DECHETS STABILISES, LA COMPLEXATION AVEC LES SILICATES DE CALCIUM HYDRATES (CSH) EST UN DES MECANISMES PREPONDERANTS D'IMMOBILISATION DES METAUX LOURDS. UN MODELE DE COMPLEXATION DU PLOMB AVEC LES CSH, PERMETTANT DE SIMULER LEUR COMPORTEMENT A ETE PROPOSE. D'APRES LA COMPARAISON DES RESULTATS EXPERIMENTAUX AVEC LE MODELE PROPOSE, LA MISE EN SOLUTION DU PLOMB A LONG TERME DEPENDRAIT DE LA VITESSE DE DEGRADATION DES CSH AU COURS DE LA LIXIVIATION. L'APPLICATION DU MODELE NUMERIQUE A UN SCENARIO DE STOCKAGE EN CENTRE D'ENFOUISSEMENT TECHNIQUE MONTRE QUE LA STABILISATION A POUR EFFET DE DIMINUER LES CONCENTRATIONS EN SOLUTION ET DE RETARDER L'APPARITION DES CHLORURES DANS L'AQUIFERE.
Author: Mark Alexander Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400754132 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 471
Book Description
Concrete and cement-based materials must operate in increasingly aggressive aqueous environments, which may be either natural or industrial. These materials may suffer degradation in which ion addition and/or ion exchange reactions occur, leading to a breakdown of the matrix microstructure and consequent weakening. Sometimes this degradation can be extremely rapid and serious such as in acidic environments, while in other cases degradation occurs over long periods. Consequences of material failure are usually severe – adversely affecting the health and well-being of human communities and disturbing ecological balances. There are also large direct costs of maintaining and replacing deteriorated infrastructure and indirect costs from loss of production during maintenance work, which place a great burden on society. The focus of this book is on addressing issues concerning performance of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments , by way of this State-of-the-Art Report. The book represents the work of many well-known and respected authors who contributed chapters or parts of chapters. Four main themes were addressed: I. Nature and kinetics of degradation and deterioration mechanisms of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments, II. Modelling of deterioration in such environments, III. Test methods to assess performance of cement-based materials in such environments, and which can be used to characterise and rate relative performance and inform long term predictions, IV. Engineering implications and consequences of deterioration in aggressive aqueous environments, and engineering approaches to the problem.
Author: Fernando Pacheco-Torgal Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0857096354 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 504
Book Description
From long-standing worries regarding the use of lead and asbestos to recent research into carcinogenic issues related to the use of plastics in construction, there is growing concern regarding the potential toxic effects of building materials on health. Toxicity of building materials provides an essential guide to this important problem and its solutions.Beginning with an overview of the material types and potential health hazards presented by building materials, the book goes on to consider key plastic materials. Materials responsible for formaldehyde and volatile organic compound emissions, as well as semi-volatile organic compounds, are then explored in depth, before a review of wood preservatives and mineral fibre-based building materials. Issues related to the use of radioactive materials and materials that release toxic fumes during burning are the focus of subsequent chapters, followed by discussion of the range of heavy metals, materials prone to mould growth, and antimicrobials. Finally, Toxicity of building materials concludes by considering the potential hazards posed by waste based/recycled building materials, and the toxicity of nanoparticles.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Toxicity of building materials is an invaluable tool for all civil engineers, materials researchers, scientists and educators working in the field of building materials. - Provides an essential guide to the potential toxic effects of building materials on health - Comprehensively examines materials responsible for formaldehyde and volatile organic compound emissions, as well as semi-volatile organic compounds - Later chapters focus on issues surrounding the use of radioactive materials and materials that release toxic fumes during burning
Author: Linda Strande Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1780404735 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.
Author: Herbert Pöllmann Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 3110473720 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 518
Book Description
Aside from water the materials which are used by mankind in highest quantities arecementitious materials and concrete. This book shows how the quality of the technical product depends on mineral phases and their reactions during the hydration and strengthening process. Additives and admixtures infl uence the course of hydration and the properties. Options of reducing the CO2-production in cementitious materials are presented and numerous examples of unhydrous and hydrous phases and their formation conditions are discussed. This editorial work consists of four parts including cement composition and hydration, Special cement and binder mineral phases, Cementitious and binder materials, and Measurement and properties. Every part contains different contributions and covers a broad range within the area. Contents Part I: Cement composition and hydration Diffraction and crystallography applied to anhydrous cements Diffraction and crystallography applied to hydrating cements Synthesis of highly reactive pure cement phases Thermodynamic modelling of cement hydration: Portland cements – blended cements – calcium sulfoaluminate cements Part II: Special cement and binder mineral phases Role of hydrotalcite-type layered double hydroxides in delayed pozzolanic reactions and their bearing on mortar dating Setting control of CAC by substituted acetic acids and crystal structures of their calcium salts Crystallography and crystal chemistry of AFm phases related to cement chemistry Part III: Cementitious and binder materials Chemistry, design and application of hybrid alkali activated binders Binding materials based on calcium sulphates Magnesia building material (Sorel cement) – from basics to application New CO2-reduced cementitious systems Composition and properties of ternary binders Part IV: Measurement and properties Characterization of microstructural properties of Portland cements by analytical scanning electron microscopy Correlating XRD data with technological properties No cement production without refractories
Author: W. Petruk Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080527337 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 287
Book Description
Techniques of performing applied mineralogy investigations, and applications and capabilities of recently developed instruments for measuring mineral properties are explored in this book intended for practicing applied mineralogists, students in mineralogy and metallurgy, and mineral processing engineers. The benefits of applied mineralogy are presented by using in-depth applied mineralogy studies on base metal ores, gold ores, porphyry copper ores, iron ores and industrial minerals as examples. The chapter on base metal ores includes a discussion on the effects of liberation, particle sizes and surfaces coatings of Pb, Cu, Fe, Ca and So4- on the recoveries of sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite. The chapter on gold discusses various methods of determining the quantities of gold in different minerals, including 'invisible' gold in pyrite and arsenopyrite, so that a balance of the distribution of gold among the minerals can be calculated. This book also discusses the roles of pyrite, oxygen, moisture and bacterial (thiobacillus ferrooxidans) on reactions that produce acidic drainage from tailings piles, and summarizes currently used and proposed methods of remediation of acidic drainage.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: ISBN: 9789201043191 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 65
Book Description
This updated version of Nuclear Energy Series NF-T-2.1 provides information on all aspects of fuel failures in current nuclear power plant operations.
Author: Elsa Reichmanis Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
This timely volume provides a review of fundamental radiation chemical processes and their relationship to several high technology industries. It demonstrates the significance of polymer radiation chemistry in industries such as electronics, aerospace, and optical recording. Six review chapters and nine reports provide an in-depth look into fundamental radiation chemistry, recent advances in spectroscopic methods, applications of radiation-modified polymers in electronics and microlithography, and resistance of polymers to radiation. Research studies include polymer reaction to radiation at the molecular level, energy dissipation pathways, microscopic properties of polymers, structure-property correlations, development of polymers for imaging at submicrometer resolution, and more.
Author: Sébastien Brault (auteur d'une thèse en géologie en 2001).)
Author: Sébastien Brault (auteur d'une thèse en géologie en 2001).)
Author: SEBASTIEN.. BRAULT
Author: Mark Alexander
Author: France. Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA)
Author: Fernando Pacheco-Torgal
Author: Linda Strande
Author: Herbert Pöllmann
Author: W. Petruk
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: Elsa Reichmanis