Book Description
UNE APPROCHE STOCHASTIQUE BASEE SUR LE MODELE DE LA LOI DES FUITES A ETE APPLIQUEE AUX CHRONIQUES DES PLUIES JOURNALIERES DES PERIODES 1951-1970 ET 1971-1990 D'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST. ON A PU AINSI PRECISER EN TOUT POINT ET POUR CHACUNE DES PERIODES, LES CARACTERISTIQUES DISTRIBUTIONNELLES DE DEUX COMPOSANTES DE LA PLUVIOMETRIE : LES NOMBRES MOYENS D'EVENEMENTS PAR JOUR ET LES HAUTEURS MOYENNES D'EVENEMENTS. CES DEUX COMPOSANTES SONT LES DEUX PARAMETRES DU MODELE UTILISE. L'ENSEMBLE DES RESULTATS EST CONTENU DANS 4 CUBES SPATIO-TEMPORELS. CHAQUE CUBE CORRESPOND A UN EMPILEMENT DE 365 GRILLES JOURNALIERES DES DEUX PARAMETRES DU MODELE POUR CHAQUE PERIODE. L'ANALYSE DE CES GRILLES JOURNALIERES PERMET DE DRESSER UNE CLIMATOLOGIE FINE DES REGIMES AU COURS DES 40 DERNIERES ANNEES ET ELLE MET NOTAMMENT EN EVIDENCE QUE LA SECHERESSE CONSTATEE DEPUIS 1970 RESULTE D'UNE CHUTE DU NOMBRE D'EVENEMENTS AU COEUR MEME DE LA SAISON DES PLUIES, LA HAUTEUR MOYENNE PAR EVENEMENT NE VARIANT QUE TRES FAIBLEMENT. CES GRILLES PERMETTENT AUSSI DE DEFINIR A N'IMPORTE QUEL POINT, LES DISTRIBUTIONS CLASSIQUES UTILISEES POUR L'EVALUATION DU RISQUE CLIMATIQUE.
Author: Shimelis Gebriye Setegn Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319121944 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 606
Book Description
The main focus of this book is sustainable management of water resources in a changing climate. The book also addresses the question of how to define and measure the sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The sustainability of IWRM is an important issue when planning and/or developing policies that consider the impact of climate change, water governance and ecohydrology in the context of a more holistic approach to ensure sustainable management of water resources. Sustainable IWRM is more about processes, and relatively little systematic or rigorous work has been done to articulate what components are the most essential to ensure the ongoing sustainability of IWRM efforts. The chapters cover topics including global prospective of IWRM; allocation of environmental flows in IWRM; echohydrology, water resources and environmental sustainability; climate change and IWRM; IWRM and water governance including social, economic, public health and cultural aspects; climate change resiliency actions related to water resources management sustainability and tools in support of sustainability for IWRM. This book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, water resources mangers, policy and decision makers, donors, international institutions, governmental and non-governmental organizations, educators, as well as graduate and undergraduate students. It is a useful reference for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), ecohydrology, climate change impact and adaptations, water governance, environmental flows, geographic information system and modeling tools, water and energy nexus and related topics.
Author: Boubacar Ibrahim Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
This study aims to a description of the variability in the rainfall regime over the West African Sahel and an assessment of the impacts of this variability on the water resources in the region from a set of some hydrological models. Although, many results of some studies on rainfall variability over Sahel during the last five decades (1961-2009) show a significant decrease in the annual rainfall amount since 1970. This rainfall deficit has entailed a severe hydric stress in the region. Burkina Faso, a sahelian country, is under this situation of continuous drought condition. So, to characterize the climate condition at the scale of Burkina Faso, we analyzed the rainfall data of the synoptic network through a discretization of the rainy seasons in several characteristics relative to the season period, rainfall frequency and intensity, and the dry spells. A computation of these characteristics from observed rainfall data and from simulated rainfall data of five regional climate models (CCLM, HadRM3P, RACMO, RCA et REMO) run under scenario A1B of IPCC, helped to assess the representativeness of the simulations over Burkina Faso. Indeed, the simulated rainfall data present high frequency of low rainfalls (between 0.1 mm/day and 5 mm/day), and some heavy maximum daily rainfall. However, an application of a correction procedure, quantile-quantile, to the simulated rainfall, significantly reduced the different biases and produced some rainfall data similar to the observations over the 1961-2009 period. An analysis of the future variability of rainfall regime over the prediction period of 2021-2050 in comparison to the reference period of 1971-2000 and from the five climate models presents different tendencies in the evolution of the annual rainfall amount: two models predict significant decrease in rainfall while two others predict a significant increase in the annual rainfall amount. These significant changes come from a decrease in rainfall frequency or an increase in rainfall intensity. However, two consensuses come out from the models: a decrease in the very low rainfall (0.1 à 5 mm/jr) and a lengthening of the mean dry spell. Also, four models show an increase in the very strong rainfall (>50 mm/day). On the other hand, the five models show an increasing trend in the potential evapotranspiration (PET) over the 1961-2050 period. The impacts of these changes in rainfall regime and the increase in the PET on the hydrological regime of the sahelian part of Nakanbé basin in Burkina Faso (upstream of the Wayen gauge) are assessed from two hydrological models, GR2M and ORCHIDEE. The GR2M, calibrated and validated for the basin over the 1978-1999 period, reproduced the hydrological balance of the basin during this period. But for ORCHIDEE, a repartition procedure was elaborated in order to distribute the simulated runoff into the discharges and infiltrations. So, an implementation of these hydrological models under the climate change conditions of rainfall decrease shows an hydrological constraint with a decrease in the runoff and the water table recharge, and an increase in the evaporation rate in the hydrological balance of the basin. However, the amplitude of the hydrological impacts depends on the type of the change in the main characteristics of the rainy season: in the rainfall frequency or in the rainfall intensity. So, a decrease in the rainfall intensity is more prejudicial to water resources availability with an important increase in the evaporation rate and an important decrease in the runoff and in the groundwater recharge.
Author: Shimelis Gebriye Setegn Publisher: ISBN: 9783319121956 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The main focus of this book is sustainable management of water resources in a changing climate. The book also addresses the question of how to define and measure the sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The sustainability of IWRM is an important issue when planning and/or developing policies that consider the impact of climate change, water governance and ecohydrology in the context of a more holistic approach to ensure sustainable management of water resources. Sustainable IWRM is more about processes, and relatively little systematic or rigorous work has been done to articulate what components are the most essential to ensure the ongoing sustainability of IWRM efforts. The chapters cover topics including global prospective of IWRM; allocation of environmental flows in IWRM; echohydrology, water resources and environmental sustainability; climate change and IWRM; IWRM and water governance including social, economic, public health and cultural aspects; climate change resiliency actions related to water resources management sustainability and tools in support of sustainability for IWRM. This book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, water resources mangers, policy and decision makers, donors, international institutions, governmental and non-governmental organizations, educators, as well as graduate and undergraduate students. It is a useful reference for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), ecohydrology, climate change impact and adaptations, water governance, environmental flows, geographic information system and modeling tools, water and energy nexus and related topics.
Author: DOMINIQUE.. TAPSOBA
Author: Shimelis Gebriye Setegn
Author: Boubacar Ibrahim
Author: Eric Servat
Author: World Meteorological Organization
Author: Shimelis Gebriye Setegn
Author: 
Author: Thomas L. Saaty
Author: Marie-Hélène Durand
Author: John Bridge