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Author: Carlos Sun Publisher: ISBN: Category : Roads Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The new Highway Safety Manual (HSM) contains predictive models that need to be calibrated to local conditions. This calibration process requires detailed data types, such as crash frequencies, traffic volumes, geometrics, and land-use. The HSM does not document in detail techniques for gathering such data, since data systems vary significantly across states. The calibration process also requires certain decisions, such as the correct sampling approach, determination of the minimum segment length, the treatment of left-turn phasing, and the inclusion or exclusion of speed-change lane crashes. This report describes the challenges, practical solutions, and results from a statewide HSM calibration in Missouri, including lessons learned from other states such as Kansas, Illinois, and New Hampshire. The models calibrated included eight segment and eight intersection site types, as well as three freeway segment types that will be part of the next edition of the HSM. The applied random sampling technique ensured geographic representativeness across the state. A variety of data processing techniques were utilized, including CAD, which was used to obtain geometric data. Some of the challenges encountered during calibration included data availability, obtaining a sufficient sample size for certain site types, maintaining a balance between segment homogeneity and minimum segment length, and excluding inconsistent crash data. The calibration results indicated that the HSM predicted Missouri crashes reasonably well, with the exception of a few site types for which it may be desirable for Missouri to develop its own SPFs.
Author: Carlos Sun Publisher: ISBN: Category : Roads Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The new Highway Safety Manual (HSM) contains predictive models that need to be calibrated to local conditions. This calibration process requires detailed data types, such as crash frequencies, traffic volumes, geometrics, and land-use. The HSM does not document in detail techniques for gathering such data, since data systems vary significantly across states. The calibration process also requires certain decisions, such as the correct sampling approach, determination of the minimum segment length, the treatment of left-turn phasing, and the inclusion or exclusion of speed-change lane crashes. This report describes the challenges, practical solutions, and results from a statewide HSM calibration in Missouri, including lessons learned from other states such as Kansas, Illinois, and New Hampshire. The models calibrated included eight segment and eight intersection site types, as well as three freeway segment types that will be part of the next edition of the HSM. The applied random sampling technique ensured geographic representativeness across the state. A variety of data processing techniques were utilized, including CAD, which was used to obtain geometric data. Some of the challenges encountered during calibration included data availability, obtaining a sufficient sample size for certain site types, maintaining a balance between segment homogeneity and minimum segment length, and excluding inconsistent crash data. The calibration results indicated that the HSM predicted Missouri crashes reasonably well, with the exception of a few site types for which it may be desirable for Missouri to develop its own SPFs.
Author: Carlos Sun Publisher: ISBN: Category : Roads Languages : en Pages : 209
Book Description
The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) is a national manual for analyzing the highway safety of various facilities, including rural roads, urban arterials, freeways, and intersections. The HSM was first published in 2010, and a supplement was published in 2014 that addressed freeway interchanges. The HSM incorporated the safety modeling results from several National Cooperative Highway Research Projects that used data from various states across the nation. The HSM recommends that individual states calibrate the HSM to local conditions on a regular basis. An initial statewide calibration for Missouri was finalized in 2013. The current recalibration effort builds upon the previous calibration and keeps the calibration values up-to-date with the most current crash data and calibration methodology. The current effort also involves the development of crash severity distributions functions so that crash frequencies can be estimated according to the severities of fatal, severe injury, minor injury, and property damage only. HSM calibration is a labor intensive effort that requires the derivation and use of detailed data such as road geometrics, traffic volumes, traffic signalization, land-use, and crash frequency and severity. This report documents the details of the methodology employed for facility site selection, data collection, data processing, calibration, and severity assignment. A total of 16 facility types were calibrated. These include rural 2-lane segments with the related 3-leg and 4-leg intersections; rural multilane segments with the related 3-leg and 4-leg intersections; urban 2-, 4- and 5-lane arterial segments; urban and rural 4-lane and urban 6-lane freeway segments; urban 3- and 4-leg signalized intersections; and urban 3- and 4-leg unsignalized intersections. The calibration results indicated that the HSM predicted Missouri crashes reasonably well, with the exception of a few site types for which it may be desirable for Missouri to develop its own safety performance functions in the future.
Author: Carlos Sun Publisher: ISBN: Category : Express highways Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"This report describes the crash landing problem and the solutions devised for solving the problem in Missouri. The crash landing problem refers to the issue of locating crashes correctly within the freeway interchange area. A detailed procedure was established along with a reviewer test so that crash correction can be conducted uniformly among multiple reviewers. Crash landing correction and the subsequent calibration of [High Safety Manual] HSM freeway models will ensure that local driver population, conditions, and environment are considered in Missouri. The types of interchanges applicable to this report include diamonds and Parclos only, since full cloverleaves do not contain terminals" (page viii).
Author: Carlos Sun Publisher: ISBN: Category : Traffic safety Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
The Highway Safety Manual is the national safety manual that provides quantitative methods for analyzing highway safety. The HSM presents crash modification factors related to work zone characteristics such as work zone duration and length. These crash modification factors were based on high-impact work zones in California. Therefore there was a need to use work zone and safety data from the Midwest to calibrate these crash modification factors for use in the Midwest. Almost 11,000 Missouri freeway work zones were analyzed to derive a representative and stratified sample of 162 work zones. The 162 work zones was more than four times the number of work zones used in the HSM. This dataset was used for modeling and testing crash modification factors applicable to the Midwest. The dataset contained work zones ranging from 0.76 mile to 9.24 miles and with durations from 16 days to 590 days. A combined fatal/injury/non-injury model produced a R2 fit of 0.9079 and a prediction slope of 0.963. The resulting crash modification factors of 1.01 for duration and 0.58 for length were smaller than the values in the HSM. Two practical application examples illustrate the use of the crash modification factors for comparing alternate work zone setups.
Author: Paulo Mendonça Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030945146 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
This book gathers the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Architecture, Materials and Construction (ICAMC), held in Lisbon, Portugal on October 27-29, 2021. ICAMC serves as an international forum for the presentation of the latest technological advances and research results in the fields of architecture and urban planning, civil and structural engineering, and materials manufacturing and processing. As such, it explores highly diverse topics, including innovative construction technologies (computer and digital manufacturing) and materials (polymers, composites, etc.); traditional materials (glass, wood, steel, concrete, stone, brick, etc.) and its harmonic combination which can be achieved by evaluating their structural and non-structural properties; the key concepts of efficiency and sustainability related to the architectural design and engineering of new buildings; analysis, rehabilitation and restoration of buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.
Author: Karen Dixon Publisher: Transportation Research Board ISBN: 0309213886 Category : Roads Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 715: Highway Safety Manual Training Materials provides training materials to aid in implementing the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ Highway Safety Manual (HSM).
Author: Imalka Chiranthi Matarage Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Crash prediction models in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) are used to quantify the safety experience of existing and new roadways. Safety performance functions (SPFs) or crash prediction models are statistical formulas developed on limited data from a few selected states, Kansas not being one of those states. Therefore, the HSM recommends calibration of HSM-default SPFs, or development of local SPFs, to enhance accuracy of predicted crash frequency. This dissertation demonstrates the HSM calibration procedure and its' quality assessment for freeway segments, speed-change lanes, ramp segments, and crossroad ramp terminals in Kansas. The study used three years of recent crash data, the most recent geometric data, and HSM-recommended sample sizes for all facilities considered for the calibration. The HSM methodology overpredicted all fatal and injury (FI) crashes and underpredicted all property damage only (PDO) crashes for freeway segments. The HSM methodology consistently underpredicted both FI and PDO crashes for both entrance- and exit-related speed-change lanes. The HSM methodology overpredicted all FI crashes, underpredicted multiple vehicle PDO crashes, and overpredicted single vehicle PDO crashes for entrance ramp segments. In the case of exit ramp segments, the HSM methodology underpredicted all multiple vehicle crashes and overpredicted all single vehicle crashes. The HSM methodology overpredicted all FI crashes and underpredicted all PDO crashes for both signal- and stop-controlled crossroad ramp terminals. Cumulative residual plots and coefficient of variation were used to evaluate the quality of calibrated HSM-default SPFs. Results of calibration quality assessment indicated that estimated calibration factors were satisfactory for all freeway and ramp facilities considered in this study. However, for further accuracy and comparison purposes, calibration functions were developed to improve the fit to local data. Calibration functions were better fitted compared to calibrated HSM-default SPFs for freeway and ramp facilities in Kansas. Challenges faced, how those challenges were addressed, and data collection techniques used in this study are discussed. In summary, estimated calibration factors and developed calibration functions of this study would greatly improve making accurate decisions related to freeway and ramp safety in Kansas.
Author: Carlos Sun
Author: Carlos Sun
Author: Carlos Sun
Author: Carlos Sun
Author: Carlos Sun
Author: 
Author: Paulo Mendonça
Author: United States. National Highway Safety Bureau
Author: Karen Dixon
Author: Imalka Chiranthi Matarage
Author: Bridget Scheyd Robicheaux