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Author: Joan M. Stevenson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of contributions by biomechanical testing to the design of the final Canadian Clothe the Soldier (CTS) load carriage (LC) system. The Load Carriage Simulator and Compliance tester were used during design of the CTS system for evaluation of: three fragmentation vests seven Tactical Vests and three iterations of the rucksack. Test data were compared to a data pool of previously tested systems. Results indicated that the objective measures helped the design team by: (1) understanding the consequences of various design changes; (2) predicting soldiers' responses to design changes in pressure, force and relative motion; (3) comparting this system objectively to other systems; and (4) providing information quickly so that ideas could be incorporated into the next design iteration. It was concluded that objective assessments added valuable information not easily interpreted from human trials. However, objective assessments cannot replace human trials for feedback on functionality and features.
Author: Joan M. Stevenson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of contributions by biomechanical testing to the design of the final Canadian Clothe the Soldier (CTS) load carriage (LC) system. The Load Carriage Simulator and Compliance tester were used during design of the CTS system for evaluation of: three fragmentation vests seven Tactical Vests and three iterations of the rucksack. Test data were compared to a data pool of previously tested systems. Results indicated that the objective measures helped the design team by: (1) understanding the consequences of various design changes; (2) predicting soldiers' responses to design changes in pressure, force and relative motion; (3) comparting this system objectively to other systems; and (4) providing information quickly so that ideas could be incorporated into the next design iteration. It was concluded that objective assessments added valuable information not easily interpreted from human trials. However, objective assessments cannot replace human trials for feedback on functionality and features.
Author: L. L. Bossi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 18
Book Description
The proper design of personal load carriage systems may be critical not only for soldier comfort, but also for soldier mobility and performance on the battlefield. Evaluation of soldier personal load carriage systems typically involves the conduct of human-based lab and field trials that can be both time-consuming and costly to conduct. Field testing usually requires multiple system prototypes of a given design iteration, with their development cost often limiting the number of design iterations tested. Human-based trials also rely on subjective opinion for system assessment. While the opinions of the ultimate users have face validity, and bias and error can be controlled in such trials, it is also desirable to have objective load carriage assessment methods and analysis tools that permit rapid analysis, design iteration and evaluation. Canada has developed biomechanical assessment and analytical tools to supplement human-based load carriage system assessment methods. This suite of tools permits efficient objective evaluation of important biomechanical aspects of load-bearing webbing, vests, packs and their components, thus contributing to early system assessment and a rapid iterative design process. This paper will introduce each of the assessment and analytical tools, their rationale, the objective measures available and the recommended performance criteria for acceptable military load carriage systems. Separate papers in these proceedings will provide the details of validation and utility of the tools that have been developed by Canada.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 23
Book Description
This summary provides an overall perspective of progress throughout all contracts within two Canadian Forces soldier modernization programs: the Integrative Protective Clothing & Equipment (IPCE) project and the Clothe the Soldier (CTS) Project. Each of these projects is described briefly and relevant outcomes are identified. The first three phases concerned a contract on the research & development of an Advanced Personal Load Carriage Measurement System. Work carried out included a literature review, development of load carriage measurement systems, design & validation of a load carriage simulator, evaluation of pack-based load carriage systems & sub-systems, and development of test protocols. The objective of phase IV, the IPCE project, was to improve measurement components and to develop a further understanding of specific factors that affect load carriage ability. Topics covered in this phase include development of a biomechanical model for load carriage assessment, parametric analysis of advanced load carriage systems, and analysis of human responses to load location in a backpack.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 36
Book Description
The purpose of this study was to develop a personal load carriage system design tool that should enable designers to input pack parameters and receive an objective measure of the pack's effectiveness. Pack parameters of interest include dimensions, weight, centre of gravity, and location of shoulder straps, waist belt, & lumbar pad. The objective evaluation consists of two body reaction forces known to relate to pack acceptability scores. Knowledge of the body reaction forces then aids in understanding of comfort and can enable comparison of potential prototypes. The study developed a statically determinate model of the pack/person interface to include the design parameters of interest and the evaluated body reaction forces. To validate the effectiveness of the design tool, six packs were tested on an instrumented human-form jig. Results show the capability of the design tool to predict outputs close to measured values. Limitations of the developed tool are discussed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 39
Book Description
Soldiers experience pressure as a result of their personal load carriage system acting on the shoulder and back. As such, an experimental measurement tools must be able to accurately and repeatability measure pressures on these curved surfaces. The purpose of this study was to examine pressure measurement systems on curved surfaces resembling the shoulders and the hips. To accomplish this, a method developed by Hadcock (2002) that resolves normal force vectors into vertical and horizontal components was used to test the validity using two different pressure measurement technologies: the XSENSOR X36 model by XSENSOR Technology Corporation and the F Scan (F socket series) model by Tekscan Incorporated. The testing jigs used in this study were a cylindrical shape for the shoulder and an elliptical shape for the hips. Under ideal test conditions, results showed that the XSENSOR had a 2% accuracy error on the shoulder and 4% accuracy on the hip, which is notably better than the 72% accuracy error on the shoulder model and 53% accuracy error for the hip model found for the F Scan. The F Scan errors were due primarily to working at the low end of the sensor's range and bending the mylar around a 114 mm diameter cylinder that induces a preload on the sensels.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 23
Book Description
Soldiers, who transport equipment by foot, experience dynamic pressures as a result of personal load carriage equipment. To understand how these dynamic pressures affect soldier tolerance and performance, pressure measurement equipment must be able to accurately and repeatable measure changing applied pressures to the skin. Two modern pressure measurement systems with potential for application on human subjects were examined in this study: a piezoresistive technology by Vista Medical, Ltd., and a capacitance system by XSENSOR Technology Corporation. Each system was tested to determine the accuracy and repeatability to highly controlled, standardized dynamic loading. To examine pressure sensor performance, each pressure sensor was cyclically loaded by an Instron 5500 R using a standardized protocol in each sensor's calibration range. Results showed the XSENSOR had showed better accuracy compared to the FSA, since the XSENSOR measured a force that was 64% of the peak force applied to the sensor; whereas the FSA measured a force that was 49% of the actual applied force. Further, the XSENSOR showed better repeatability for peak forces (1.3% coefficient of variation) compared to the FSA (20.8% coefficient of variation). Results suggest that both systems have poor accuracy in comparison to the Instron; however, the low coefficient of variation for the XSENSOR means that an algorithm could be built to correct for the slow response time of the system. Further research is required to improve the accuracy and repeatability of the XSENSOR for dynamic research applications.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
A variety of pressures mapping technologies have been used to assess contact pressures between human tissues and solid flat surface materials. However, research on the accuracy, repeatability, and creep for these technologies is limited. Three commonly used technologies were evaluated for accuracy, repeatability, and creep on a flat surface under highly controlled laboratory conditions. The systems tested included a resistive ink technology known as the F-scan F-socket (Tekscan Incorporated), a piezoresistive technology known as the FSA seat mat (Vista Medical, Limited), and a capacitance technology known as the XSENSOR seat mat (XSENSOR Technology Corporation). Loads between 9.392 kg and 19.627 kg were placed on each sensor using three standardized protocols: an incremental, a low threshold and a creep protocol. The XSENSOR(Registered) and FSA pressure measurement systems were superior to the F Scan system in terms of accuracy, although the XSENSOR was more accurate than the other two systems at low threshold pressures. The main drawback of each system at this time is the long settling time needed to get more accurate data due to creep. This needs to be corrected within the software of each system. For use in human load carriage, there will need to be adjustments in amplitude and creep characteristics.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of varying the centre of gravity of the load on physiological, biomechanical, & subjective factors of experienced soldiers. A secondary purpose was to examine the relationship of these factors to a standardized load carriage simulator test. In the study, 22 soldiers marched on a treadmill for 15 minutes carrying a modified backpack consisting of a pack frame & a movable load box containing 36 kilograms. In addition, a load carriage vest was used to examine a balanced load distribution. Results are presented with regard to: physiological measures collected using oxygen consumption & heart rate; biomechanical measures collected from video images of gait to calculate trunk & body lean; subjective measures of pressure points using a body scan image; and general assessments of each system & overall ranking.
Author: Joan M. Stevenson
Author: Joan M. Stevenson
Author: L. L. Bossi
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Author: Wm. Alan H. Rigby
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