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Author: Philip J. Pauly Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691186332 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Explorers, evolutionists, eugenicists, sexologists, and high school biology teachers--all have contributed to the prominence of the biological sciences in American life. In this book, Philip Pauly weaves their stories together into a fascinating history of biology in America over the last two hundred years. Beginning with the return of the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1806, botanists and zoologists identified science with national culture, linking their work to continental imperialism and the creation of an industrial republic. Pauly examines this nineteenth-century movement in local scientific communities with national reach: the partnership of Asa Gray and Louis Agassiz at Harvard University, the excitement of work at the Smithsonian Institution and the Geological Survey, and disputes at the Agriculture Department over the continent's future. He then describes the establishment of biology as an academic discipline in the late nineteenth century, and the retreat of life scientists from the problems of American nature. The early twentieth century, however, witnessed a new burst of public-oriented activity among biologists. Here Pauly chronicles such topics as the introduction of biology into high school curricula, the efforts of eugenicists to alter the "breeding" of Americans, and the influence of sexual biology on Americans' most private lives. Throughout much of American history, Pauly argues, life scientists linked their study of nature with a desire to culture--to use intelligence and craft to improve American plants, animals, and humans. They often disagreed and frequently overreached, but they sought to build a nation whose people would be prosperous, humane, secular, and liberal. Life scientists were significant participants in efforts to realize what Progressive Era oracle Herbert Croly called "the promise of American life." Pauly tells their story in its entirety and explains why now, in a society that is rapidly returning to a complex ethnic mix similar to the one that existed for a hundred years prior to the Cold War, it is important to reconnect with the progressive creators of American secular culture.
Author: Philip J. Pauly Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691186332 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Explorers, evolutionists, eugenicists, sexologists, and high school biology teachers--all have contributed to the prominence of the biological sciences in American life. In this book, Philip Pauly weaves their stories together into a fascinating history of biology in America over the last two hundred years. Beginning with the return of the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1806, botanists and zoologists identified science with national culture, linking their work to continental imperialism and the creation of an industrial republic. Pauly examines this nineteenth-century movement in local scientific communities with national reach: the partnership of Asa Gray and Louis Agassiz at Harvard University, the excitement of work at the Smithsonian Institution and the Geological Survey, and disputes at the Agriculture Department over the continent's future. He then describes the establishment of biology as an academic discipline in the late nineteenth century, and the retreat of life scientists from the problems of American nature. The early twentieth century, however, witnessed a new burst of public-oriented activity among biologists. Here Pauly chronicles such topics as the introduction of biology into high school curricula, the efforts of eugenicists to alter the "breeding" of Americans, and the influence of sexual biology on Americans' most private lives. Throughout much of American history, Pauly argues, life scientists linked their study of nature with a desire to culture--to use intelligence and craft to improve American plants, animals, and humans. They often disagreed and frequently overreached, but they sought to build a nation whose people would be prosperous, humane, secular, and liberal. Life scientists were significant participants in efforts to realize what Progressive Era oracle Herbert Croly called "the promise of American life." Pauly tells their story in its entirety and explains why now, in a society that is rapidly returning to a complex ethnic mix similar to the one that existed for a hundred years prior to the Cold War, it is important to reconnect with the progressive creators of American secular culture.
Author: Pauleena M. MacDougall Publisher: Lexington Books ISBN: 073917911X Category : History Languages : en Pages : 181
Book Description
Eckstorm was the daughter of a fur trader living in Maine who published six books and many articles on natural history, woods culture, and Indian language and lore. A writer from Maine with a national readership, Eckstorm drew on her unique relationship with both Maine woodsmen and Maine's Native Americans that grew out of the time she spent in the woods with her father. She developed a complex system of work largely based on oral tradition, recording and interpreting local knowledge about animal behavior and hunting practices, boat handling, ballad singing, Native American languages, crafts, and storytelling. Her work has formed the foundation for much scholarship in New England folklore and history and clearly illustrates the importance of indigenous and folk knowledge to scholarship. Fannie Hardy Eckstorm and Her Quest for Local Knowledge, 1865–1946 reveals an important story which speaks directly to contemporary issues as historians of science, social science and humanities begin to re-evaluate the nature, content, and role of indigenous and folk knowledge systems. Eckstorm's life and work illustrate the constant tension between local lay knowledge and the more privileged scientific production of academics that increasingly dominated the field from the early twentieth century. At the time Eckstorm was writing, the growth in professionalism and eclipse of the amateur led to a reorganization of knowledge. As increasing specialization defined the academy, indigenous knowledge systems were dismissed as unscientific and born of ignorance. Eckstorm recognized and lauded the innate value of traditional knowledge that could, for example, fell trees in the interior of Maine and ship them internationally as finished lumber.
Author: Harvey J. Graff Publisher: JHU Press ISBN: 1421417464 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 343
Book Description
The first critical history of interdisciplinary efforts and movements in the modern university. Interdisciplinarity—or the interrelationships among distinct fields, disciplines, or branches of knowledge in pursuit of new answers to pressing problems—is one of the most contested topics in higher education today. Some see it as a way to break down the silos of academic departments and foster creative interchange, while others view it as a destructive force that will diminish academic quality and destroy the university as we know it. In Undisciplining Knowledge, acclaimed scholar Harvey J. Graff presents readers with the first comparative and critical history of interdisciplinary initiatives in the modern university. Arranged chronologically, the book tells the engaging story of how various academic fields both embraced and fought off efforts to share knowledge with other scholars. It is a story of myths, exaggerations, and misunderstandings, on all sides. Touching on a wide variety of disciplines—including genetic biology, sociology, the humanities, communications, social relations, operations research, cognitive science, materials science, nanotechnology, cultural studies, literacy studies, and biosciences—the book examines the ideals, theories, and practices of interdisciplinarity through comparative case studies. Graff interweaves this narrative with a social, institutional, and intellectual history of interdisciplinary efforts over the 140 years of the modern university, focusing on both its implementation and evolution while exploring substantial differences in definitions, goals, institutional locations, and modes of organization across different areas of focus. Scholars across the disciplines, specialists in higher education, administrators, and interested readers will find the book’s multiple perspectives and practical advice on building and operating—and avoiding fallacies and errors—in interdisciplinary research and education invaluable.
Author: Robert H. Carlson Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 0674053621 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
“Essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the current state of biotechnology and the opportunities and dangers it may create.” —American Scientist Technology is a process and a body of knowledge as much as a collection of artifacts. Biology is no different—and we are just beginning to comprehend the challenges inherent in the next stage of biology as a human technology. It is this critical moment, with its wide-ranging implications, that Robert Carlson considers in Biology Is Technology. He offers a uniquely informed perspective on the endeavors that contribute to current progress in this area—the science of biological systems and the technology used to manipulate them. In a number of case studies, Carlson demonstrates that the development of new mathematical, computational, and laboratory tools will facilitate the engineering of biological artifacts—up to and including organisms and ecosystems. Exploring how this will happen, with reference to past technological advances, he explains how objects are constructed virtually, tested using sophisticated mathematical models, and finally constructed in the real world. Such rapid increases in the power, availability, and application of biotechnology raise obvious questions about who gets to use it, and to what end. Carlson’s thoughtful analysis offers rare insight into our choices about how to develop biological technologies and how these choices will determine the pace and effectiveness of innovation as a public good.
Author: Georgina M. Montgomery Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119130700 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 726
Book Description
A Companion to the History of American Science offers a collection of essays that give an authoritative overview of the most recent scholarship on the history of American science. Covers topics including astronomy, agriculture, chemistry, eugenics, Big Science, military technology, and more Features contributions by the most accomplished scholars in the field of science history Covers pivotal events in U.S. history that shaped the development of science and science policy such as WWII, the Cold War, and the Women’s Rights movement
Author: Maurizio Esposito Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317319354 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 287
Book Description
In this book, Esposito presents a historiography of organicist and holistic thought through an examination of the work of leading biologists from Britain and America. He shows how this work relates to earlier Romantic tradition and sets it within the wider context of the history and philosophy of the life sciences.
Author: Ryan Thomas Publisher: Scientific e-Resources ISBN: 183947453X Category : Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach emphasizes the ecological principles that guide marine life throughout all environments within the world's oceans. It provide a unique ecological approach that helps students understand the real-world relevance of marine biology by exploring how organisms interact within their individual ecosystems. The text is organized by habitat, not classification, with each habitat receiving detailed, in-depth coverage that draws students into the subject matter. These include new coverage of the intertidal zone, salt marshes and estuaries, and tropical communities, as well as a revised discussion of humans' impact on the sea. Marine Biology emphasizes the ecological principles governing marine life throughout all environments within the world's oceans. This unique ecological approach adds real-world relevance by exploring how organisms interact within their individual ecosystems. The text is organized by habitat, each receiving detailed, in-depth coverage which gives instructors flexibility to focus on their particular areas of interest. Marine Biology: An Ecosystem Approach explores the potential use of bivalves as indicators and monitors of ecosystem health and describes experiments from the perspective of computer simulations, mesocosm studies, and field manipulation experiments.
Author: Karl S. Matlin Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 022667293X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 366
Book Description
For almost a century and a half, biologists have gone to the seashore to study life. The oceans contain rich biodiversity, and organisms at the intersection of sea and shore provide a plentiful sampling for research into a variety of questions at the laboratory bench: How does life develop and how does it function? How are organisms that look different related, and what role does the environment play? From the Stazione Zoologica in Naples to the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, the Amoy Station in China, or the Misaki Station in Japan, students and researchers at seaside research stations have long visited the ocean to investigate life at all stages of development and to convene discussions of biological discoveries. Exploring the history and current reasons for study by the sea, this book examines key people, institutions, research projects, organisms selected for study, and competing theories and interpretations of discoveries, and it considers different ways of understanding research, such as through research repertoires. A celebration of coastal marine research, Why Study Biology by the Sea? reveals why scientists have moved from the beach to the lab bench and back.
Author: Jaden Howard Publisher: Scientific e-Resources ISBN: 1839474483 Category : Languages : en Pages : 317
Book Description
The goal of the book Fish Biology and Fisheries is to help integrate the study of fish biology with the study of fisheries. One might not expect these two subjects to need further integration. However, strong declines in many fish stocks around the world, combined with growing concerns about the impact of fisheries on marine and freshwater biodiversity, are raising new questions about aspects of fish biology that have traditionally dwelt outside mainstream fisheries research. Fisheries form an important sector of the country's economy in terms of food supply, employment, income and foreign exchange earnings. Fishes are one of the important sources of cheap protein food for the people and millions of fishermen and several industries depend on this source. Lack of a comprehensive treatise on the biology of fishes has prompted this humble piece of work leading to Essentials of Fish Biology. A wide coverage of fish biology will make it of interest not only to ichthyologist but to professional fishery biologist as well desiring to learn basic structure and function of fish body in daily life of the fish. This is an ideal textbook of fish biology which will serve as valuable work for undergraduates and graduates looking for a comprehensive source on a wide variety of topics in fish Biology and Fisheries.
Author: Bailey Mitchell Publisher: Scientific e-Resources ISBN: 1839474467 Category : Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
This book covers the concept and advances in cell biology with an emphasis on molecular paradigm. It introduces better understanding of molecular concepts and their integral role in structure and function of cell as a basic unit of life and also their integrative role of overall organization of organs. Cell biology is a fascinating branch of biological sciences, providing answers to hitherto unanswered questions. It is the mother science to areas such as molecular biology, molecular genetics, biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology etc. During the last few decades, the science of cell biology has grown at an unprecedented pace with the consequence that voluminous information has accumulated on the subject. Cell and molecular biology is an every dynamic area of life sciences where the core activity of all biological developments are studied in depth. This comprehensive book provides a concise coverage of every topic in cell and molecular biology from the fundamental aspects to the latest developments in a simple and lively manner. The present book titled Cell and Molecular Biology deals with both gross and molecular structure of cell in all its structural and functional manifestations. There are also chapters on genetic engineering and immunology as the understanding of these are very vital for comprehending the expressions of cell machinery.
Author: Philip J. Pauly
Author: Philip J. Pauly
Author: Pauleena M. MacDougall
Author: Harvey J. Graff
Author: Robert H. Carlson
Author: Georgina M. Montgomery
Author: Maurizio Esposito
Author: Ryan Thomas
Author: Karl S. Matlin
Author: Jaden Howard
Author: Bailey Mitchell