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Author: Dayan J. Anderson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bighorn sheep Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
I examined biodiversity management issues, implications and opportunities in a working industrial landscape of the San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA, where historic and active mining operations overlap habitat occupied by threatened, endangered or protected plant and animal tax. To elucidate patterns of habitat use by ungulates in a mini-influenced landscape, I evaluated resource selection by the Cushenbury population of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis Canadensis nelsoni). Modeling of a resource selection function (RSF) for that population identified proximity to active mine areas, water sources, and revegetation sites as important determinants of habitat selection. Next, I reviewed two collaborative dialogues between the public, private and civil sectors resulting in workable solutions achieving biodiversity conservation goals simultaneous with economic development: a habitat management strategy for threatened and endangered plants and a research collaborative focused on the long-term viability of an isolated bighorn sheep population. Finally, I integrated results of RSF modeling with principles adopted by those two initiatives into a conceptual framework to aid the development of an adaptive management plan for the Cushenbury bighorn sheep population. A formulation of conservation value is presented using results of RSF analysis and mitigation credits reflecting the degree to which degraded habitat is enhanced to benefit wild sheep. The proposed Bighorn Habitat Assessment Tool (BHAT) seeks to a) establish a habitat reserve providing maximum benefit to the unique requirements of bighorn sheep, b) incentivize voluntary actions by industry to ensure mining activities are compatible with bighorn sheep conservation, and c) allow for the objective evaluation of multiple mine planning and resource management alternatives.
Author: Dayan J. Anderson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bighorn sheep Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
I examined biodiversity management issues, implications and opportunities in a working industrial landscape of the San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA, where historic and active mining operations overlap habitat occupied by threatened, endangered or protected plant and animal tax. To elucidate patterns of habitat use by ungulates in a mini-influenced landscape, I evaluated resource selection by the Cushenbury population of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis Canadensis nelsoni). Modeling of a resource selection function (RSF) for that population identified proximity to active mine areas, water sources, and revegetation sites as important determinants of habitat selection. Next, I reviewed two collaborative dialogues between the public, private and civil sectors resulting in workable solutions achieving biodiversity conservation goals simultaneous with economic development: a habitat management strategy for threatened and endangered plants and a research collaborative focused on the long-term viability of an isolated bighorn sheep population. Finally, I integrated results of RSF modeling with principles adopted by those two initiatives into a conceptual framework to aid the development of an adaptive management plan for the Cushenbury bighorn sheep population. A formulation of conservation value is presented using results of RSF analysis and mitigation credits reflecting the degree to which degraded habitat is enhanced to benefit wild sheep. The proposed Bighorn Habitat Assessment Tool (BHAT) seeks to a) establish a habitat reserve providing maximum benefit to the unique requirements of bighorn sheep, b) incentivize voluntary actions by industry to ensure mining activities are compatible with bighorn sheep conservation, and c) allow for the objective evaluation of multiple mine planning and resource management alternatives.
Author: Tyler Graydon Creech Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bighorn sheep Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
Landscape characteristics can strongly influence demographic and genetic processes in wildlife populations. Climate change and human land use are causing many landscapes to change rapidly, and the effects on wildlife populations must be understood to properly manage these threats and design effective conservation strategies. In this dissertation, I explored the implications of landscape heterogeneity for desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), an ecologically and culturally important ungulate species in the southwestern United States, and demonstrated new approaches that can be applied to landscape-level conservation of many wildlife species in changing landscapes. This research focused on populations within and surrounding U.S. national parks, comprising a large portion of the desert bighorn sheep's geographic range, and utilized a genetic dataset including > 1,600 individuals that was developed during this and previous projects. Landscape resistance models have been used extensively to predict potential linkages among fragmented wildlife populations, including desert bighorn sheep, but have rarely been used to guide systematic decision-making such as prioritizing conservation actions to maximize regional connectivity. In Chapter 1, I combined network theory and landscape resistance modeling to prioritize management for connectivity, including protection and restoration of dispersal corridors and habitat patches, in a desert bighorn sheep metapopulation in the Mojave Desert. I constructed network models of genetic connectivity (potential for gene flow) and demographicconnectivity (potential for colonization of empty habitat patches). I found that the type of connectivity and the network metric used to quantify had substantial effects on prioritization results; however, I was able to identify high-priority habitat patches and corridors that were highly ranked across all combinations of the above factors. Potential diet quality varies across landscapes and through time for desert bighorn sheep and other ungulates, but is difficult to measure at fine spatial and temporal resolution using traditional field-based methods. The remotely sensed vegetation index NDVI can potentially overcome these limitations, but its relationship to diet quality has never been empirically validated for desert herbivores. In Chapter 2, I examined how strongly NDVI was associated with diet quality of desert bighorn sheep in the Mojave Desert using fecal nitrogen data from multiple years and populations, and considered the effects of temporal resolution, geographic variability, and NDVI spatial summary statistic. I found that NDVI was more reliably associated with diet quality over the entire growing season than with instantaneous diet quality for a population, and was positively associated with population genetic diversity (a proxy for long-term diet quality). Although NDVI was a useful diet quality indicator for Mojave Desert bighorn sheep, my analysis suggested that it may be unreliable if satellite data are too spatially coarse to detect microhabitats providing high-quality forage, or if diet is strongly influenced by forage items that are weakly correlated with landscape greenness. Landscape genetic studies typically rely on neutral genetic markers to explore gene flow and genetic variation, but the potential for species to adapt to changing landscapes depends on how natural selection influences adaptive genetic variation. In Chapter 3, I optimized landscape resistance models for desert bighorn sheep in three regions with different landscape characteristics, and then used genetic simulations incorporating natural selection to determine how the spread of adaptive variation is influenced by differences among landscapes. Optimized landscape resistance models differed between regions but slope, presence of water barriers, and major roads had the greatest impacts on gene flow. Differences among landscapes strongly influenced the spread of adaptive genetic variation, with faster spread in landscapes with more continuously distributed habitat and when a pre-existing allele (i.e., standing genetic variation) rather than a novel allele (i.e., mutation) served as the source of adaptive genetic variation. Climate change presents a substantial threat to desert bighorn sheep and wildlife worldwide, and adaptation may be required to persist in novel environmental conditions. Knowledge of how adaptive capacity - the potential to cope with climate change by persisting in situ or moving to more suitable ranges or microhabitats - varies across populations is needed to establish conservation priorities for minimizing climate change impacts to individual species. In Chapter 4, I explored variation in the evolutionary component of adaptive capacity for 62 desert bighorn sheep populations on and near U.S. national parks. I measured adaptive capacity of populations as a function of two factors that are strongly associated with the potential for evolutionary adaptation, genetic diversity and connectivity (estimated using a landscape resistance model from Chapter 3). Genetic diversity and connectivity were highly variable across regions and populations. I identified populations with high adaptive capacity that could serve as genetic refugia from climate change impacts (e.g., those in Death Valley and Grand Canyon National Parks), but also populations with low adaptive capacity that may require conservation actions to improve their potential for adaptation (e.g., those in eastern Utah and the southern Mojave Desert). Genetic structure analyses suggested that populations in eastern Utah were genetically distinct from the rest of the study area, likely resulting from restricted gene flow following regional population extinctions. This dissertation highlighted the effects of landscape heterogeneity on genetic and demographic processes in desert bighorn sheep populations. Collectively, the information in these chapters should help guide management of desert bighorn sheep in the face of climate change and human land use. The landscape-level approaches demonstrated here may be useful for managing many other wildlife species.
Author: Paul R. Krausman Publisher: University of New Mexico Press ISBN: 0826357857 Category : Desert bighorn sheep Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
This book uses the story of the desert bighorn sheep in the Pusch Ridge Wilderness and population decline as a case study in human alteration of wildlife habitat.
Author: Lance B. McNew Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 303134037X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1017
Book Description
This open access book reviews the importance of ecological functioning within rangelands considering the complex inter-relationships of production agriculture, ecosystem services, biodiversity, and wildlife habitat. More than half of all lands worldwide, and up to 70% of the western USA, are classified as rangelands—uncultivated lands that often support grazing by domestic livestock. The rangelands of North America provide a vast array of goods and services, including significant economic benefit to local communities, while providing critical habitat for hundreds of species of fish and wildlife. This book provides compendium of recent data and synthesis from more than 100 experts in wildlife and rangeland ecology in Western North America. It provides a current and in-depth synthesis of knowledge related to wildlife ecology in rangeland ecosystems, and the tools used to manage them, to serve current and future wildlife biologists and rangeland managers in the working landscapes of the West. The book also identifies information gaps and serves as a jumping-off point for future research of wildlife in rangeland ecosystems. While the content focuses on wildlife ecology and management in rangelands of Western North America, the material has important implications for rangeland ecosystems worldwide.
Author: P.H.C. Lucas Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9780412455308 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Many countries have areas with special natural qualities characterized by the harmonious interaction between resident populations and the land. This book sets out the varied approaches to establishing such areas as protected landscapes. It provides guidance on criteria for selection of landscapes, implementation, management and the legal measures involved if protection is to be achieved.
Author: David Lindenmayer Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING ISBN: 0643090894 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 625
Book Description
Provides the essential framework for under-graduate and post-graduate courses in conservation biology and natural resource management by covering the complete array of topics central to these fields. Lindenmayer from ANU, ACT and Burgman from University of Melbourne, Vic.
Author: Jordi Catalan Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319559826 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 413
Book Description
This book provides case studies and general views of the main processes involved in the ecosystem shifts occurring in the high mountains and analyses the implications for nature conservation. Case studies from the Pyrenees are preponderant, with a comprehensive set of mountain ranges surrounded by highly populated lowland areas also being considered. The introductory and closing chapters will summarise the main challenges that nature conservation may face in mountain areas under the environmental shifting conditions. Further chapters put forward approaches from environmental geography, functional ecology, biogeography, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Organisms from microbes to large carnivores, and ecosystems from lakes to forest will be considered. This interdisciplinary book will appeal to researchers in mountain ecosystems, students and nature professionals. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Author: Dayan J. Anderson
Author: Dayan J. Anderson
Author: Tyler Graydon Creech
Author: Esther Rubin
Author: Paul R. Krausman
Author: Lance B. McNew
Author: P.H.C. Lucas
Author: Charles L. Douglas
Author: David Lindenmayer
Author: Jordi Catalan
Author: Kirby D. Bristow