Author: Valerie Elliott
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1257025422
Category : Oxford (Ohio)
Languages : en
Pages : 109
Book Description
This booklet is the final endeavor of the Oxford Bicentennial Planning Committee to develop activities recognizing the City's 200th anniversary in 2010. It contains articles of Oxford history topics and biographical sketches of notable people who had lived in the town.
Celebrating the Oxford, Ohio Bicentennial 1810-2010
Author: Valerie Elliott
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1257025422
Category : Oxford (Ohio)
Languages : en
Pages : 109
Book Description
This booklet is the final endeavor of the Oxford Bicentennial Planning Committee to develop activities recognizing the City's 200th anniversary in 2010. It contains articles of Oxford history topics and biographical sketches of notable people who had lived in the town.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1257025422
Category : Oxford (Ohio)
Languages : en
Pages : 109
Book Description
This booklet is the final endeavor of the Oxford Bicentennial Planning Committee to develop activities recognizing the City's 200th anniversary in 2010. It contains articles of Oxford history topics and biographical sketches of notable people who had lived in the town.
100 Year Tribute to First Baptist Church Brandon, Florida
Author: Rear Admiral Joseph H. Miller
Publisher: WestBow Press
ISBN: 1512733253
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 632
Book Description
This book is unique. There is no other tribute like it. The church is the people. The people who are true Christians are listed in Gods Book in heaven. This church has survived for 100 years because of small groups of people. There is no church history book that lists over 100 pages of testimonies from people about how their church has blessed them. Their testimonials are a book in itself. One cannot read the testimonial section and not be blessed. True Christians, for the first time, have been given the opportunity to speak for God as a testimony to the world about one of His universal churches. This book lists some of the great sermons of the ministry leaders of the church. The many problems that Gods people and the church must face the next hundred years are listed. The churches in America are in a spiritual declined in influence and numbers. The people must act! Probably the only known course for this to happen is in the summary of this book. There is only One Church that will be exalted and glorified during the End Times. Gods church, founded by Jesus Apostles 2000 years ago, is based on the teachings of Christ Jesus. The First Baptist Church of Brandon was brought into existence by men of God based on New Testament teachings. 700 years before Jesus was born there were fifty prophecies about Jesus in Isaiah alone. Some scholars call Isaiah The Fifth Gospel after Matthew Mark, Luke, and John. (46, p. 187) Love your neighbor as yourself. (Lev. 19:18) was written 1400 years before Christ. John describes Jesus at the Creation. In the beginning was the Word ,and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. (John 1:1) This tribute is a model for any church.
Publisher: WestBow Press
ISBN: 1512733253
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 632
Book Description
This book is unique. There is no other tribute like it. The church is the people. The people who are true Christians are listed in Gods Book in heaven. This church has survived for 100 years because of small groups of people. There is no church history book that lists over 100 pages of testimonies from people about how their church has blessed them. Their testimonials are a book in itself. One cannot read the testimonial section and not be blessed. True Christians, for the first time, have been given the opportunity to speak for God as a testimony to the world about one of His universal churches. This book lists some of the great sermons of the ministry leaders of the church. The many problems that Gods people and the church must face the next hundred years are listed. The churches in America are in a spiritual declined in influence and numbers. The people must act! Probably the only known course for this to happen is in the summary of this book. There is only One Church that will be exalted and glorified during the End Times. Gods church, founded by Jesus Apostles 2000 years ago, is based on the teachings of Christ Jesus. The First Baptist Church of Brandon was brought into existence by men of God based on New Testament teachings. 700 years before Jesus was born there were fifty prophecies about Jesus in Isaiah alone. Some scholars call Isaiah The Fifth Gospel after Matthew Mark, Luke, and John. (46, p. 187) Love your neighbor as yourself. (Lev. 19:18) was written 1400 years before Christ. John describes Jesus at the Creation. In the beginning was the Word ,and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. (John 1:1) This tribute is a model for any church.
The Role of the American Board in the World
Author: Clifford Putney
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN: 1610976401
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 381
Book Description
The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) was the country's first creator of overseas Christian missions. Founded in 1810 and supported by a coalition of Calvinist denominations, the ABCFM established the first American missions in India, China, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and many other places. It was America's largest missionary organization in the nineteenth century, and its influence was immense. Its missionaries established the first Western schools and hospitals in many parts of the world, and they successfully promoted women's rights and other ideals from the Enlightenment. They also transformed oral languages such as Zulu, Hawaiian, and Cherokee into written form, and they preserved many elements of premodern cultures (albeit not always intentionally). The contributors to this book provide valuable insights on the work of the ABCFM (which exists today under a different name). Some of the contributors profile the lives of notable ABCFM missionaries, others focus on ideological shifts within the Board, and still others chronicle the Board's role in historic events, including the Opium Wars, the colonization of Hawai'i, and the Armenian Genocide. From reading this book, people will come to understand why the ABCFM is widely viewed as America's most historically significant missionary organization. Table of Contents: Illustrations Contributors Acknowledgments Introduction The 1810 Formation of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions --Douglas K. Showalter The Great Debate: The American Board and the Doctrine of Future Probation --Sharon A. Taylor Commercial Philanthropy: ABCFM Missionaries and the American Opium Trade --Timothy Mason Roberts American Board Schools in Turkey --Dorothy Birge Keller and Robert S. Keller Dr. Ruth A. Parmelee and the Changing Role of Near East Missionaries in Early Twentieth Century Turkey --Virginia A. Metaxas From Brimstone to the World's Fair: A Century of 'Modern Missions' as Seen through the American Hume Missionary Family in Bombay --Alice C. Hunsberger David Abeel, Missionary Wanderer in China and Southeast Asia; With Special Emphasis on His Visit with Walter Henry Medhurst in Batavia, January-June 1831 --Thomas G. Oey Japanese Evangelists, American Board Missionaries, and Protestant Growth in Early Meiji Japan: A Case Study of the Annaka Kyokai --Hamish Ion Nellie J. Arnott, Angola Mission Teacher, and the Culture of the ABCFM on Its Hundredth Anniversary --Ann Ellis Pullen and Sarah Ruffing Robbins The International Institute in Spain: Alice Gordon Gulick and Her Legacy --Stephen K. Ault Early Nineteenth Century Missionaries to Hawai'i and the Salary Dispute --Paul T. Burlin Titus Coan: 'Apostle to the Sandwich Islands' --Donald Philip Corr Christianity Builds a Nest in Hawai'i --Regina Pfeiffer 'We will banish the polluted thing from our houses': Missionaries, Drinking, and Temperance in the Sandwich Islands --Jennifer Fish Kashay Domesticity Abroad: Work and Family in the Sandwich Islands Mission, 1820-1840 --Char Miller Afterword For Heaven's Sake --Char Miller Subject/Name Index
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN: 1610976401
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 381
Book Description
The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) was the country's first creator of overseas Christian missions. Founded in 1810 and supported by a coalition of Calvinist denominations, the ABCFM established the first American missions in India, China, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and many other places. It was America's largest missionary organization in the nineteenth century, and its influence was immense. Its missionaries established the first Western schools and hospitals in many parts of the world, and they successfully promoted women's rights and other ideals from the Enlightenment. They also transformed oral languages such as Zulu, Hawaiian, and Cherokee into written form, and they preserved many elements of premodern cultures (albeit not always intentionally). The contributors to this book provide valuable insights on the work of the ABCFM (which exists today under a different name). Some of the contributors profile the lives of notable ABCFM missionaries, others focus on ideological shifts within the Board, and still others chronicle the Board's role in historic events, including the Opium Wars, the colonization of Hawai'i, and the Armenian Genocide. From reading this book, people will come to understand why the ABCFM is widely viewed as America's most historically significant missionary organization. Table of Contents: Illustrations Contributors Acknowledgments Introduction The 1810 Formation of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions --Douglas K. Showalter The Great Debate: The American Board and the Doctrine of Future Probation --Sharon A. Taylor Commercial Philanthropy: ABCFM Missionaries and the American Opium Trade --Timothy Mason Roberts American Board Schools in Turkey --Dorothy Birge Keller and Robert S. Keller Dr. Ruth A. Parmelee and the Changing Role of Near East Missionaries in Early Twentieth Century Turkey --Virginia A. Metaxas From Brimstone to the World's Fair: A Century of 'Modern Missions' as Seen through the American Hume Missionary Family in Bombay --Alice C. Hunsberger David Abeel, Missionary Wanderer in China and Southeast Asia; With Special Emphasis on His Visit with Walter Henry Medhurst in Batavia, January-June 1831 --Thomas G. Oey Japanese Evangelists, American Board Missionaries, and Protestant Growth in Early Meiji Japan: A Case Study of the Annaka Kyokai --Hamish Ion Nellie J. Arnott, Angola Mission Teacher, and the Culture of the ABCFM on Its Hundredth Anniversary --Ann Ellis Pullen and Sarah Ruffing Robbins The International Institute in Spain: Alice Gordon Gulick and Her Legacy --Stephen K. Ault Early Nineteenth Century Missionaries to Hawai'i and the Salary Dispute --Paul T. Burlin Titus Coan: 'Apostle to the Sandwich Islands' --Donald Philip Corr Christianity Builds a Nest in Hawai'i --Regina Pfeiffer 'We will banish the polluted thing from our houses': Missionaries, Drinking, and Temperance in the Sandwich Islands --Jennifer Fish Kashay Domesticity Abroad: Work and Family in the Sandwich Islands Mission, 1820-1840 --Char Miller Afterword For Heaven's Sake --Char Miller Subject/Name Index
Queen Kaʻahumanu of Hawaii
Author: Thomas W. Goodhue
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 1476684987
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 233
Book Description
King Kamehameha the Great had 30 wives. Ka'ahumanu (c.1768-1832) was his favorite. Descended from Oceanian voyagers, she grew up in a society completely isolated from the rest of the world, her life enmeshed in dynastic wars and constrained by an elaborate system of taboos. In 1778, she was shocked by the arrival of alien ships, followed by an influx of foreigners. In their wake came devastating epidemics. Seizing power after the King's death, Ka'ahumanu overturned those taboos and guided her nation through revolutionary change, crucial to the Hawaiian Islands' unification. Through sicknesses, romances, infidelities, murders, rebellions, pardons, travels, missionary work, and more, her story challenges many beliefs about American history, Christianity, and gender. Further, it has implications for current debates about immigration, sexuality, and religious diversity. Drawing on seldom-analyzed French and Russian sources, this biography covers neglected aspects of Ka'ahumanu's life. The many spouses and lovers she and Kamehameha had, the roles played by Central Europeans, African-Americans, Catholics and Unitarians in her realm, and struggles with religious pluralism are all included.
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 1476684987
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 233
Book Description
King Kamehameha the Great had 30 wives. Ka'ahumanu (c.1768-1832) was his favorite. Descended from Oceanian voyagers, she grew up in a society completely isolated from the rest of the world, her life enmeshed in dynastic wars and constrained by an elaborate system of taboos. In 1778, she was shocked by the arrival of alien ships, followed by an influx of foreigners. In their wake came devastating epidemics. Seizing power after the King's death, Ka'ahumanu overturned those taboos and guided her nation through revolutionary change, crucial to the Hawaiian Islands' unification. Through sicknesses, romances, infidelities, murders, rebellions, pardons, travels, missionary work, and more, her story challenges many beliefs about American history, Christianity, and gender. Further, it has implications for current debates about immigration, sexuality, and religious diversity. Drawing on seldom-analyzed French and Russian sources, this biography covers neglected aspects of Ka'ahumanu's life. The many spouses and lovers she and Kamehameha had, the roles played by Central Europeans, African-Americans, Catholics and Unitarians in her realm, and struggles with religious pluralism are all included.
Grandfather Mountain
Author: Randy Johnson
Publisher: UNC Press Books
ISBN: 1469627000
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 676
Book Description
With its prominent profile recognizable for miles around and featuring vistas among the most beloved in the Appalachians, North Carolina's Grandfather Mountain is many things to many people: an easily recognized landmark along the Blue Ridge Parkway, a popular tourist destination, a site of annual Highland Games, and an internationally recognized nature preserve. In this definitive book on Grandfather, Randy Johnson guides readers on a journey through the mountain's history, from its geological beginnings millennia ago and the early days of exploration to its role in regional development and eventual establishment as a North Carolina state park. Along the way, he shows how Grandfather has changed, and has been changed by, the people of western North Carolina and beyond. To tell the full natural and human story, Johnson draws not only on historical sources but on his rich personal experience working closely on the mountain alongside Hugh Morton and others. The result is a unique and personal telling of Grandfather's lasting significance. The book includes more than 200 historical and contemporary photographs, maps, and a practical guide to hiking the extensive trails, appreciating key plant and animal species and photographing the natural wonder that is Grandfather.
Publisher: UNC Press Books
ISBN: 1469627000
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 676
Book Description
With its prominent profile recognizable for miles around and featuring vistas among the most beloved in the Appalachians, North Carolina's Grandfather Mountain is many things to many people: an easily recognized landmark along the Blue Ridge Parkway, a popular tourist destination, a site of annual Highland Games, and an internationally recognized nature preserve. In this definitive book on Grandfather, Randy Johnson guides readers on a journey through the mountain's history, from its geological beginnings millennia ago and the early days of exploration to its role in regional development and eventual establishment as a North Carolina state park. Along the way, he shows how Grandfather has changed, and has been changed by, the people of western North Carolina and beyond. To tell the full natural and human story, Johnson draws not only on historical sources but on his rich personal experience working closely on the mountain alongside Hugh Morton and others. The result is a unique and personal telling of Grandfather's lasting significance. The book includes more than 200 historical and contemporary photographs, maps, and a practical guide to hiking the extensive trails, appreciating key plant and animal species and photographing the natural wonder that is Grandfather.
Missionary families
Author: Emily Manktelow
Publisher: Manchester University Press
ISBN: 1526111527
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 405
Book Description
Missionary families were an integral component of the missionary enterprise, both as active agents on the global religious stage and as a force within the enterprise that shaped understandings and theories of mission itself. Taking the family as a legitimate unit of historical analysis in its own right for the first time, Missionary families traces changing familial policies and lived realities throughout the nineteenth century and powerfully argues for the importance of an historical understanding of the missionary enterprise informed by the complex interplay between the intimate, the personal and the professional. By looking at marriage, parenting and childhood; professionalism, vocation and domesticity; race, gender and generation, this first in-depth study of missionary families reveals their profound importance to the missionary enterprise, and concludes that mission history can no longer be written without attention to the personal, emotional and intimate aspects of missionary lives.
Publisher: Manchester University Press
ISBN: 1526111527
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 405
Book Description
Missionary families were an integral component of the missionary enterprise, both as active agents on the global religious stage and as a force within the enterprise that shaped understandings and theories of mission itself. Taking the family as a legitimate unit of historical analysis in its own right for the first time, Missionary families traces changing familial policies and lived realities throughout the nineteenth century and powerfully argues for the importance of an historical understanding of the missionary enterprise informed by the complex interplay between the intimate, the personal and the professional. By looking at marriage, parenting and childhood; professionalism, vocation and domesticity; race, gender and generation, this first in-depth study of missionary families reveals their profound importance to the missionary enterprise, and concludes that mission history can no longer be written without attention to the personal, emotional and intimate aspects of missionary lives.
1812
Author: Nicole Eustace
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812206363
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 335
Book Description
As military campaigns go, the War of 1812 was a disaster. By the time it ended in 1815, Washington, D.C., had been burned to the ground, the national debt had nearly tripled, and territorial gains were negligible. Yet the war gained so much popular support that it ushered in what is known as the "era of good feelings," a period of relative partisan harmony and strengthened national identity. Historian Nicole Eustace's cultural history of the war tells the story of how an expensive, unproductive campaign won over a young nation—largely by appealing to the heart. 1812 looks at the way each major event of the war became an opportunity to capture the American imagination: from the first attempt at invading Canada, intended as the grand opening of the war; to the battle of Lake Erie, where Oliver Perry hoisted the flag famously inscribed with "Don't Give Up the Ship"; to the burning of the Capitol by the British. Presidential speeches and political cartoons, tavern songs and treatises appealed to the emotions, painting war as an adventure that could expand the land and improve opportunities for American families. The general population, mostly shielded from the worst elements of the war, could imagine themselves participants in a great national movement without much sacrifice. Bolstered with compelling images of heroic fighting men and the loyal women who bore children for the nation, war supporters played on romantic notions of familial love to espouse population expansion and territorial aggression while maintaining limitations on citizenship. 1812 demonstrates the significance of this conflict in American history: the war that inspired "The Star-Spangled Banner" laid the groundwork for a patriotism that still reverberates today.
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812206363
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 335
Book Description
As military campaigns go, the War of 1812 was a disaster. By the time it ended in 1815, Washington, D.C., had been burned to the ground, the national debt had nearly tripled, and territorial gains were negligible. Yet the war gained so much popular support that it ushered in what is known as the "era of good feelings," a period of relative partisan harmony and strengthened national identity. Historian Nicole Eustace's cultural history of the war tells the story of how an expensive, unproductive campaign won over a young nation—largely by appealing to the heart. 1812 looks at the way each major event of the war became an opportunity to capture the American imagination: from the first attempt at invading Canada, intended as the grand opening of the war; to the battle of Lake Erie, where Oliver Perry hoisted the flag famously inscribed with "Don't Give Up the Ship"; to the burning of the Capitol by the British. Presidential speeches and political cartoons, tavern songs and treatises appealed to the emotions, painting war as an adventure that could expand the land and improve opportunities for American families. The general population, mostly shielded from the worst elements of the war, could imagine themselves participants in a great national movement without much sacrifice. Bolstered with compelling images of heroic fighting men and the loyal women who bore children for the nation, war supporters played on romantic notions of familial love to espouse population expansion and territorial aggression while maintaining limitations on citizenship. 1812 demonstrates the significance of this conflict in American history: the war that inspired "The Star-Spangled Banner" laid the groundwork for a patriotism that still reverberates today.
The World in Movement
Author:
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004385401
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 333
Book Description
This book focuses on one of the main issues of our time in the Humanities and Social Sciences as it analyzes the impact of current global migrations on new forms of living together and the formation of identities and homes. Using a transdisciplinary and transcultural approach the contributions shed fresh light upon key concepts such as ‘hybrid-performative diaspora’, ‘transidentities’,‘ hospitality’, ‘belonging’, ‘emotion’, ‘body,’ and ‘desire’. Those concepts are discussed in the context of Cuban, US-American, Maghrebian, Moroccan, Spanish, Catalan, French, Turkish, Jewish, Argentinian, Indian, and Italian literatures, cultures and religions.
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004385401
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 333
Book Description
This book focuses on one of the main issues of our time in the Humanities and Social Sciences as it analyzes the impact of current global migrations on new forms of living together and the formation of identities and homes. Using a transdisciplinary and transcultural approach the contributions shed fresh light upon key concepts such as ‘hybrid-performative diaspora’, ‘transidentities’,‘ hospitality’, ‘belonging’, ‘emotion’, ‘body,’ and ‘desire’. Those concepts are discussed in the context of Cuban, US-American, Maghrebian, Moroccan, Spanish, Catalan, French, Turkish, Jewish, Argentinian, Indian, and Italian literatures, cultures and religions.
Berlin, the Mother of All Research Universities
Author: Charles E. McClelland
Publisher: Lexington Books
ISBN: 149854021X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 287
Book Description
This work is the first major reexamination in English of the rise of the world’s pioneer modern research university. It presents an authoritative history of science, scholarship, and education, offering readers a background platform from which to confront looming issues about the future of higher education systems everywhere, but especially in the United States. The innovations of the new-model University of Berlin reached their highest point of development and influence on foreign adopters of “technology transfer” under the new German Empire before World War I. These innovations were grafted onto and shaped American higher research, teaching, and professionalization like no other influence in the twentieth century. No previous book in English has described this impressive conscious creation of an institution promoting cutting-edge research—in fields from physics and medicine to law and theology—combined with the highest standards of active, self-involved student learning for the higher professions. Yet even at the moment its astonishing institutional achievements became the inspiration for the brilliant rise of the American research university over the last century, its own contradictions and limitations were already beginning to appear in the 1920s. Indeed, since the University of Berlin was originally little more than a new reformed German university before 1860 and subsequently faced the disadvantages of financial ruin of the 1920s and the imposed wreckage of the Nazi and East German Communist regimes from 1933 to 1990, the period 1860–1918 is the one of greatest interest for the development of what came to be a world-wide “model” for emulation. Today, when the entire concept of the elite “research university” is under attack, revisiting its origins in Germany should provide stimulus to the debates about the future of the university, not only in North America and Europe but in all countries with higher education systems modeled on or influences by the German or American ones (e.g., Australia, India). The question of whether future innovative science and scholarship should remain coupled with teaching institutions as in the “Berlin model” can best be explored against the background of the emergence of that model.
Publisher: Lexington Books
ISBN: 149854021X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 287
Book Description
This work is the first major reexamination in English of the rise of the world’s pioneer modern research university. It presents an authoritative history of science, scholarship, and education, offering readers a background platform from which to confront looming issues about the future of higher education systems everywhere, but especially in the United States. The innovations of the new-model University of Berlin reached their highest point of development and influence on foreign adopters of “technology transfer” under the new German Empire before World War I. These innovations were grafted onto and shaped American higher research, teaching, and professionalization like no other influence in the twentieth century. No previous book in English has described this impressive conscious creation of an institution promoting cutting-edge research—in fields from physics and medicine to law and theology—combined with the highest standards of active, self-involved student learning for the higher professions. Yet even at the moment its astonishing institutional achievements became the inspiration for the brilliant rise of the American research university over the last century, its own contradictions and limitations were already beginning to appear in the 1920s. Indeed, since the University of Berlin was originally little more than a new reformed German university before 1860 and subsequently faced the disadvantages of financial ruin of the 1920s and the imposed wreckage of the Nazi and East German Communist regimes from 1933 to 1990, the period 1860–1918 is the one of greatest interest for the development of what came to be a world-wide “model” for emulation. Today, when the entire concept of the elite “research university” is under attack, revisiting its origins in Germany should provide stimulus to the debates about the future of the university, not only in North America and Europe but in all countries with higher education systems modeled on or influences by the German or American ones (e.g., Australia, India). The question of whether future innovative science and scholarship should remain coupled with teaching institutions as in the “Berlin model” can best be explored against the background of the emergence of that model.
Routes of Compromise
Author: Michael K. Bess
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
ISBN: 0803299346
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Book Description
In Routes of Compromise Michael K. Bess studies the social, economic, and political implications of road building and state formation in Mexico through a comparative analysis of Nuevo León and Veracruz from the 1920s to the 1950s. He examines how both foreign and domestic actors, working at local, national, and transnational levels, helped determine how Mexico would build and finance its roadways. While Veracruz offered a radical model for regional construction that empowered agrarian communities, national consensus would solidify around policies championed by Nuevo León’s political and commercial elites. Bess shows that no single political figure or central agency dominated the process of determining Mexico's road-building policies. Instead, provincial road-building efforts highlight the contingent nature of power and state formation in midcentury Mexico.
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
ISBN: 0803299346
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Book Description
In Routes of Compromise Michael K. Bess studies the social, economic, and political implications of road building and state formation in Mexico through a comparative analysis of Nuevo León and Veracruz from the 1920s to the 1950s. He examines how both foreign and domestic actors, working at local, national, and transnational levels, helped determine how Mexico would build and finance its roadways. While Veracruz offered a radical model for regional construction that empowered agrarian communities, national consensus would solidify around policies championed by Nuevo León’s political and commercial elites. Bess shows that no single political figure or central agency dominated the process of determining Mexico's road-building policies. Instead, provincial road-building efforts highlight the contingent nature of power and state formation in midcentury Mexico.