Benefits and Costs of Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Youth : Frequently Asked Questions PDF Download

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Category : At-risk youth
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Problem youth
Languages : en
Pages : 19

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Discusses the merits of Washington State's Community Juvenile Accountability Act (CJAA) to reduce juvenile crime.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309301084
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 99

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Book Description
Benefit-cost analyses hold great promise for influencing policies related to children, youth, and families. By comparing the costs of preventive interventions with the long-term benefits of those interventions, benefit-cost analysis provides a tool for determining what kinds of investments have the greatest potential to reduce the physical, mental, and behavioral health problems of young people. More generally, the growth of benefit-cost analysis as a field of research and practice represents an exciting and promising trend in the development and implementation of public policies. The utility of benefit-cost analyses has been limited by a lack of uniformity in the methods and assumptions underlying these studies. For years, those who perform and those who use benefit-cost analyses have argued that the development and use of theoretical, technical, and reporting standards for benefit-cost analyses would enhance the validity of results, increase comparability across studies, and accelerate the progress of the field. Considerations in Applying Benefit-Cost Analysis to Preventive Interventions for Children, Youth, and Families is the summary of a workshop convened by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council in November 2013 as the first phase of a possible two-part effort directed toward guiding future benefit-cost studies and enhancing the relevance of benefit-cost analysis to governments and other organizations wanting to make sound prevention decisions. The workshop brought together leading practitioners in the field, researchers who study the methodological and analytic dimensions of benefit-cost analysis, and representatives of organizations that use the results of benefit-cost analyses to shape and implement public policies. This report discusses a wide range of issues about benefit-cost analysis, including the level of research rigor that should be met before results from an evaluation are used to estimate or predict outcomes in a cost-benefit analysis; best practices and methodologies for costing prevention interventions; prevention outcomes that currently lend themselves to monetization; processes and methodologies that should be used when linking prevention outcomes to avoided costs or increased revenues; and best methods for handling risk and uncertainty in estimates.

Author: Brandon Welsh
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429980892
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 255

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What are the cost savings from preventing a typical burglary, robbery, assault, or even a criminal career? Who benefits from these savings? How often do the benefits from preventing crime or criminal behavior exceed the resources spent on preventing or controlling crime? Is it more cost-effective to invest in early childhood programs or juvenile boot camps to reduce criminal offending? These are some of the important questions that face policymakers in crime and justice today. Answering them is no easy task. Nevertheless, it is important to provide answers in order to ensure that the dollars devoted to crime reduction are spent as efficiently as possible. The principle aim of Costs and Benefits of Preventing Crime is to report on and assess the present state of knowledge on the monetary costs and benefits of crime prevention programs. Remarkably, this crucial topic has rarely been studied up to the present time. This book examines key methodological issues, reports on the most up-to-date research findings, discusses international policy perspectives, and presents an agenda for future research and policy development on the economic analysis of crime prevention. Throughout, it addresses the important question of how governments should be allocating scarce resources to make crime prevention policy and practice more effective and to produce the greatest economic benefits to society. The book brings together research and perspectives from across North America, Europe, and Australia.

Author: Graham Allen
Publisher: The Stationery Office
ISBN: 9780108510960
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 152

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The first report Early Intervention: the next steps (January 2011, ISBN 9780108509711) underlined that many of the costly and damaging social problems for individuals can be eliminated or reduced by giving children and parents the right type of evidence based programmes 0-18 and especially in their earliest years. This second report sets out how to pay for those programmes within existing resources and by attracting new non government money. The key recommendations are that: (1) Government sets a policy objective that all babies, children and young people should have the social and emotional bedrock essential for their future development and their ability to make effective life choices; (2) Government leadership and co-ordination must improve - an Early Intervention Task and Finish Group of experts from across Government departments should establish, measure and progress-chase Early Intervention outcomes; (3) the expected "Families and the Foundation Stage" statement must include regular and purposeful assessments for the 0-5s to help spot and correct dysfunction early; (4) an independent Early Intervention Foundation is set up to promote Early Intervention, spread best evidence based policies and complement the work being done inside Government; (5) need to be more creative in bringing additional non-government money to investment in Early Intervention; (6) establish an 'Early Intervention Fund' or Funds to raise around £200 million of private investment; and (7) HM Treasury should commission a thorough review of Early Intervention growth incentives ahead of the 2012 Budget.

Author: Wesley E. Sowers, M.D.
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 0873182251
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 646

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The U.S. health care system is the most expensive in the world by a considerable margin, yet health indicators are among the worst in the developed world. Seeking Value: Balancing Cost and Quality in Psychiatric Care, a comprehensive volume by the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry's Mental Health Services Committee, examines the factors that have contributed to this disparity and offers a holistic vision for health care reform--one in which the psychiatric profession plays a pivotal role. From cost consciousness in the prescribing of medications and forming alliances with other health professionals to rethinking the way health care is financed and efforts to eliminate counterproductive incarceration practices, this guide outlines individual, systemic, and sociopolitical interventions that will position readers to effect substantive change both in the short term and in the long term. Beyond spurring thought and conversation around how to improve value in the services the psychiatric profession provides and the systems in which it operates, this book will equip those looking to develop a concrete advocacy agenda and the strategies needed to see it realized.

Author: James C. Howell
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 9780761925095
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414

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This book aims to inform students about the latest research and the most promising and effective programs and for understanding, preventing and controlling juvenile delinquency. The book is geared to preparing students for a career in juvenile justice or related social service systems, and becoming research or program development specialists. The history of current juvenile justice system policies and practices are examined, including the juvenile violence "epidemic." Key myths about juvenile violence and the ability of the juvenile justice system to handle modern-day juvenile delinquents are critically examined. Developmental theories of juvenile delinquency are applied to understanding how juvenile offender careers evolve. Effective prevention and rehabilitation programs and what does not work are reviewed. A comprehensive framework for building a continuum of effective programs is presented in Part III.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309069882
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 610

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How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309278937
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 463

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Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

Author: Rahil D. Briggs
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319318152
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 229

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This book provides a step-by-step guide to integrating early childhood behavioral health care into primary care with hands-on advice for creating, implementing, and evaluating programs. It discusses the unique advantages of pediatric primary care as a setting for mental health services from birth into the early school years, particularly for addressing parent/child stress and trauma issues. Contributors illustrate in depth how bringing behavioral health into pediatric services can engender care that is replicable and sustainable, not only cost-effective but also clinically effective. Guidelines and case examples from frontline practitioners highlight typical challenges and workable recommendations. Among the featured topics: • The fit between early intervention programs and primary care.• Staffing, workforce development, and funding issues.• On-the-job teamwork concerns, from time constraints to continuity of care.• Culturally competent care geared toward key child care issues.• Intervening with parents of young children in the integrated pediatric setting. Integrated Early Childhood Behavioral Health in Primary Care is an essential resource for clinicians/practitioners, graduate students, and researchers in child and school psychology, pediatrics, and social work.