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Author: Lauren E. Wood Publisher: ISBN: Category : Acculturation Languages : en Pages : 71
Book Description
Specific parenting behaviors have distinct associations with children's functioning. Mothers' guiding and controlling behaviors influence the development of a child's compliance, a reflection of the child's self-regulatory abilities. Maternal strategies involving collaboration and guidance are often associated with an internalized, committed compliance, and maternal strategies demonstrating high directiveness and control are frequently related to defiance in children (Braungart-Rieker et al., 1997). However, these findings are largely based on samples of European American, adult mothers, whose parenting practices and environmental contexts differ from Latina mothers and adolescent mothers. Due to differences in cultural values, unique mother-child behavior associations are expected in samples of Latinas, as a more directive parenting style tends not to be associated with negative child outcomes as it often is for European American mothers (Ispa et al., 2004). The goal of the current study was to examine associations between maternal behaviors and child compliance and defiance behaviors with the prediction that associations between maternal control and child defiance would differ by mothers' reported orientations to both Latino (enculturation) and American (acculturation) culture. This study included 146 Latina, adolescent mothers and their 24-month-old children. Behavioral codes extracted from a toy clean-up task measured mother and child behaviors (Kochanska & Aksan, 1995), and enculturation and acculturation were measured with a maternal self-report questionnaire. The current study found a positive association between maternal gentle guidance and child committed compliance, with no significant differences by cultural orientation. Importantly, more frequent use of control was related to more child defiance for mothers reporting high levels of acculturation but not for those reporting low levels of enculturation.
Author: Lauren E. Wood Publisher: ISBN: Category : Acculturation Languages : en Pages : 71
Book Description
Specific parenting behaviors have distinct associations with children's functioning. Mothers' guiding and controlling behaviors influence the development of a child's compliance, a reflection of the child's self-regulatory abilities. Maternal strategies involving collaboration and guidance are often associated with an internalized, committed compliance, and maternal strategies demonstrating high directiveness and control are frequently related to defiance in children (Braungart-Rieker et al., 1997). However, these findings are largely based on samples of European American, adult mothers, whose parenting practices and environmental contexts differ from Latina mothers and adolescent mothers. Due to differences in cultural values, unique mother-child behavior associations are expected in samples of Latinas, as a more directive parenting style tends not to be associated with negative child outcomes as it often is for European American mothers (Ispa et al., 2004). The goal of the current study was to examine associations between maternal behaviors and child compliance and defiance behaviors with the prediction that associations between maternal control and child defiance would differ by mothers' reported orientations to both Latino (enculturation) and American (acculturation) culture. This study included 146 Latina, adolescent mothers and their 24-month-old children. Behavioral codes extracted from a toy clean-up task measured mother and child behaviors (Kochanska & Aksan, 1995), and enculturation and acculturation were measured with a maternal self-report questionnaire. The current study found a positive association between maternal gentle guidance and child committed compliance, with no significant differences by cultural orientation. Importantly, more frequent use of control was related to more child defiance for mothers reporting high levels of acculturation but not for those reporting low levels of enculturation.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309388570 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 525
Book Description
Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.
Author: Marc H. Bornstein Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429677782 Category : Family & Relationships Languages : en Pages : 662
Book Description
This highly anticipated third edition of the Handbook of Parenting brings together an array of field-leading experts who have worked in different ways toward understanding the many diverse aspects of parenting. Contributors to the Handbook look to the most recent research and thinking to shed light on topics every parent, professional, and policymaker wonders about. Parenting is a perennially "hot" topic. After all, everyone who has ever lived has been parented, and the vast majority of people become parents themselves. No wonder bookstores house shelves of "how-to" parenting books, and magazine racks in pharmacies and airports overflow with periodicals that feature parenting advice. However, almost none of these is evidence-based. The Handbook of Parenting is. Period. Each chapter has been written to be read and absorbed in a single sitting, and includes historical considerations of the topic, a discussion of central issues and theory, a review of classical and modern research, and forecasts of future directions of theory and research. Together, the five volumes in the Handbook cover Children and Parenting, the Biology and Ecology of Parenting, Being and Becoming a Parent, Social Conditions and Applied Parenting, and the Practice of Parenting. Volume 4, Social Conditions and Applied Parenting, describes socially defined groups of parents and social conditions that promote variation in parenting. The chapters in Part I, on Social and Cultural Conditions of Parenting, start with a relational developmental systems perspective on parenting and move to considerations of ethnic and minority parenting among Latino and Latin Americans, African Americans, Asians and Asian Americans, Indigenous parents, and immigrant parents. The section concludes with considerations of disabilities, employment, and poverty on parenting. Parents are ordinarily the most consistent and caring people in children’s lives. However, parenting does not always go right or well. Information, education, and support programs can remedy potential ills. The chapters in Part II, on Applied Issues in Parenting, begin with how parenting is measured and follow with examinations of maternal deprivation, attachment, and acceptance/rejection in parenting. Serious challenges to parenting—some common, such as stress and depression, and some less common, such as substance abuse, psychopathology, maltreatment, and incarceration—are addressed as are parenting interventions intended to redress these trials.
Author: Petra A. Duran Publisher: ISBN: Category : Hispanic American teenage mothers Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
Previous research on the relation between maternal behavior and child outcomes has focused on samples of European American and African American adolescent mothers, and no study has examined the relation between maternal behavior and cognitive and language functioning among adolescents of Latina origin. The current study added to the literature by examining the relations between individual maternal behaviors and child cognitive and language functioning in a sample of 170 Latina adolescent mothers (of primarily Puerto Rican origin) and their toddlers. Toddlers' mean cognitive and language composite scores were within normal limits, but there was substantial variability in scores. In addition, there was a high percent of children who scored below 1 SD of the mean, which is consistent with studies of poor children and children of minority and adolescent mothers. Consistent with the literature, a few associations between maternal behavior and child functioning emerged. Specifically, maternal sensitivity, intrusiveness, positive affect, repertoire and vocalizations related to child language scores. Only maternal vocalizations marginally related to cognitive scores. Results also showed that sensitivity-nonintrusiveness, positive affect, and repertoire continued to relate to language scores even when socio-demographic risk factors were considered. Moreover, when examining maternal behavior, results showed that children's age and gender, maternal economic strain and child's father educational level continued to relate to language scores. Results are discussed in light of Attachment and Socio-Cultural theories of development and socio-economic issues. Implications for intervention strategies are also discussed.
Author: Gabriele Oettingen Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1316368343 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
During the transition from childhood to adulthood, adolescents face a unique set of challenges that accompany increased independence and responsibility. This volume combines cutting-edge research in the field of adolescence and the field of motivation and self-regulation to shed new light on these challenges and the self-regulation tools that could most effectively address them. Leading scholars discuss general principles of the adolescent period across a wide variety of areas, including interpersonal relationships, health and achievement. Their interdisciplinary approach covers perspectives from history, anthropology and primatology, as well as numerous subdisciplines of psychology - developmental, educational, social, clinical, motivational, cognitive and neuropsychological. Self-Regulation in Adolescence stresses practical applications, making it a valuable resource not only for scholars, but also for adolescents and their family members, teachers, social workers and health professionals who seek to support them. It presents useful strategies that adolescents can adopt themselves and raises important questions for future research.
Author: Aimee Tovah Hammer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Hispanic American teenage mothers Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
Research on parenting has placed an increasing emphasis on bidirectional processes of parent-child interactions to more fully describe the quality of the parent-child relationship. A frequently examined bidirectional process is dyadic synchrony; an interactional style characterized by harmonious and mutually responsive behavioral and emotional exchanges. Despite the positive implications of dyadic synchrony, few studies have examined how both maternal behaviors and child characteristics contribute to this interactional style. Moreover, a majority of the research examining correlates of dyadic synchrony has been done with European American and low-risk families. Latina adolescent mothers are of particular interest, because they face higher levels of cumulative risk (e.g., low socioeconomic status, lack of knowledge about parenting and child development), yet are underrepresented in the literature. The current study tested how maternal sensitivity and child characteristics together contribute to dyadic synchrony displayed by young Latina mothers and their toddlers. Results indicated that although there were no gender differences in the level of dyadic synchrony, this interaction style likely has different precursors and correlates for girls and boys. Specifically, maternal sensitivity appears to be important for the sample as whole, child temperament appeared to be important for mother-daughter interaction quality. Implications for future research and parent-child interventions are discussed.
Author: Erin Nicole Smith Publisher: ISBN: Category : Children of depressed persons Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
Literature and research with adult mothers indicate a transactional relation between maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior. Evidence also indicates that gender may moderate this relation, such that males may be more vulnerable to their mothers' depression early in life and may display higher levels of externalizing behavior than females. However, little research to date has investigated these relations in samples of adolescent mothers, specifically Latina adolescent mothers, and none, to the author's knowledge, have investigated the transactional nature of the relation. Latina adolescent mothers are important to study as they have the highest birthrate in the U. S. compared to other ethnic groups. Adolescent mothers also face negative risk factors that influence their own psychological adjustment; and their children already face high risk for negative outcomes. One potential protective factor for children of adolescent mothers is mothers' romantic partners whose involvement in child care has been shown to buffer children against the negative effects of maternal depressive symptoms and other maternal risk factors. Investigating these relations is imperative to inform intervention and prevention efforts for Latina adolescent mothers and their children. Using a sample of primarily Puerto Rican adolescent mothers and their toddlers for which data were collected at two time points, 6 months apart; the current study used a path analysis framework to test hypothesized models. First, the longitudinal, transactional relations between maternal depressive symptoms and two child behavior variables - internalizing and externalizing problems - were examined. Second, the current study examined the direct and moderating effects of gender in order to better understand the nature of the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior in our sample. Lastly, the potential protective effect of partner child care involvement was investigated to test whether it positively impacts children in the face of maternal depressive symptoms. Results were consistent with theory and research in that maternal depressive symptoms uniquely predicted changes in both child internalizing and externalizing behavior scores over 6 months when controlling for concurrent relations between the variables. Additionally, maternal depressive symptoms, child internalizing, and child externalizing each showed temporal stability in the current sample. However, transactional models were not significant as neither child internalizing nor child externalizing significantly predicted changes in maternal depressive symptoms over time. Neither child gender nor partner child care involvement moderated the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and child internalizing or externalizing behavior problems. In contrast to previous research and normative data, gender differences were found for child externalizing behavior problems such that males had significantly higher mean scores than females at Time 2. Results are discussed considering limitations, implications for prevention and treatment programs, and future research directions.
Author: Lauren E. Wood
Author: Lauren E. Wood
Author: Justin Le Quattlebaum
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Marc H. Bornstein
Author: Inese Lilija Verzemnieks
Author: Petra A. Duran
Author: Gabriele Oettingen
Author: Aimee Tovah Hammer
Author: Erin Nicole Smith
Author: Oh-Ryeong Ha