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Author: M.A. de Pedro Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475793596 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 467
Book Description
This volume is based on a FEMS Symposium entitled "Bacterial Growth and Lysis: Metabolism and Structure of the Bacterial Sacculus" held at the Monastery of Lluc (Mallorca, Spain) on 5-10 April, 1992. The goals of the symposium were to assess the present state of knowledge on the structure and physiology of the bacterial murein sacculus, and to develop new hypotheses and strategies to promote further development of the field. Consequently, the contributions compiled in this volume include broadly different approaches, from the introduction of new analytical methods to the presentation of provocative models for cell wall growth and division. Structural, biochemical, and genetic aspects are widely covered with special emphasis on the enzymology and regulation of murein hydrolases (autolysins). Comprehensive reviews on bacterial S layers and yeast cell walls are included to stimulate conceptual cross-feeding with these closely related topics. We believe that this book will provide the reader with a useful and up-to-date review of the topic. We would feel deeply rewarded by any positive influence this book may have on the future progress of the field, whereby all the scientific credit for it should be given to the authors of the excellent contributions presented.
Author: M.A. de Pedro Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475793596 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 467
Book Description
This volume is based on a FEMS Symposium entitled "Bacterial Growth and Lysis: Metabolism and Structure of the Bacterial Sacculus" held at the Monastery of Lluc (Mallorca, Spain) on 5-10 April, 1992. The goals of the symposium were to assess the present state of knowledge on the structure and physiology of the bacterial murein sacculus, and to develop new hypotheses and strategies to promote further development of the field. Consequently, the contributions compiled in this volume include broadly different approaches, from the introduction of new analytical methods to the presentation of provocative models for cell wall growth and division. Structural, biochemical, and genetic aspects are widely covered with special emphasis on the enzymology and regulation of murein hydrolases (autolysins). Comprehensive reviews on bacterial S layers and yeast cell walls are included to stimulate conceptual cross-feeding with these closely related topics. We believe that this book will provide the reader with a useful and up-to-date review of the topic. We would feel deeply rewarded by any positive influence this book may have on the future progress of the field, whereby all the scientific credit for it should be given to the authors of the excellent contributions presented.
Author: I.C. Gunsalus Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323163009 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 474
Book Description
The Bacteria, Volume IV: The Physiology of Growth focuses on the biochemical phenomena that are expressed at the level of the intact microbial cell and of the growing cell. This book explores the structure, metabolism, and biosynthesis of bacteria. Organized into nine chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the growth requirements, metabolic pathways, individual enzymes, and a variety of other components and functions of the bacterial cell. This text then analyzes the genetic organization of bacteria and explains the nuclear division in bacteria. Other chapters consider the effects of physical environment upon the growth of microorganisms. This book discusses as well the methods for obtaining bacterial cultures by manipulating environmental factors. The final chapter deals with chemotherapeutic drugs, which are valuable tools in the investigation of bacterial organization and function. Bacteriologists, microbiologists, biochemists, microbial physiologists, and cell physiologists interested in the study of bacteria will find this book extremely useful.
Author: Tobias Dörr Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889631524 Category : Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
Bacterial cells are encased in a cell wall, which is required to maintain cell shape and to confer physical strength to the cell. The cell wall allows bacteria to cope with osmotic and environmental challenges and to secure cell integrity during all stages of bacterial growth and propagation, and thus has to be sufficiently rigid. Moreover, to accommodate growth processes, the cell wall at the same time has to be a highly dynamic structure: During cell enlargement, division, and differentiation, bacteria continuously remodel, degrade, and resynthesize their cell wall, but pivotally need to assure cell integrity during these processes. Finally, the cell wall is also adjusted according to both environmental constraints and metabolic requirements. However, how exactly this is achieved is not fully understood. The major structural component of the bacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan (PG), a mesh-like polymer of glycan chains interlinked by short-chain peptides, constituting a net-like macromolecular structure that has historically also termed murein or murein sacculus. Although the basic structure of PG is conserved among bacteria, considerable variations occur regarding cross-bridging, modifications, and attachments. Moreover, different structural arrangements of the cell envelope exist within bacteria: a thin PG layer sandwiched between an inner and outer membrane is present in Gram-negative bacteria, and a thick PG layer decorated with secondary glycopolymers including teichoic acids, is present in Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, even more complex envelope structures exist, such as those found in mycobacteria. Crucially, all bacteria possess a multitude of often redundant lytic enzymes, termed “autolysins”, and other cell wall modifying and synthesizing enzymes, allowing to degrade and rebuild the various structures covering the cells. However, how cell wall turnover and cell wall biosynthesis are coordinated during different stages of bacterial growth is currently unclear. The mechanisms that prevent cell lysis during these processes are also unclear. This Research Topic focuses on the dynamics of the bacterial cell wall, its modifications, and structural rearrangements during cell growth and differentiation. It pays particular attention to the turnover of PG, its breakdown and recycling, as well as the regulation of these processes. Other structures, for example, secondary polymers such as teichoic acids, which are dynamically changed during bacterial growth and differentiation, are also covered. In recent years, our view on the bacterial cell envelope has undergone a dramatic change that challenged old models of cell wall structure, biosynthesis, and turnover. This collection of articles aims to contribute to new understandings of bacterial cell wall structure and dynamics.
Author: J.-M. Ghuysen Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080860877 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 607
Book Description
Studies of the bacterial cell wall emerged as a new field of research in the early 1950s, and has flourished in a multitude of directions. This excellent book provides an integrated collection of contributions forming a fundamental reference for researchers and of general use to teachers, advanced students in the life sciences, and all scientists in bacterial cell wall research. Chapters include topics such as: Peptidoglycan, an essential constituent of bacterial endospores; Teichoic and teichuronic acids, lipoteichoic acids, lipoglycans, neural complex polysaccharides and several specialized proteins are frequently unique wall-associated components of Gram-positive bacteria; Bacterial cells evolving signal transduction pathways; Underlying mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
Author: Muhammad Omar Zanulabe Din Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 125
Book Description
Programmed cell death is a common theme in biology. Apoptosis in eukaryotic cells is typically mediated by external signals and is important for development and tissue homeostasis. There is also a growing body of evidence showing that programmed cell death also occurs in bacteria, and is important for biofilm formation. With the growing amount of tools for the genetic engineering of bacteria, researchers have made genetic constructs where bacterial cell death could be controlled or induced to further our understanding of bacterial cell death and it's prospective use in applications. Concurrently, researchers in the field of synthetic biology have succeeded in developing dynamic gene circuits, such as oscillators and toggle switches, which operate at the intracellular (protein) level. In this dissertation, I discuss the engineering of bacteria via a gene circuit which can produce dynamic behaviors of the population by synchronizing bacterial cell lysis. In Chapter Two, I discuss the construction and characterization of this circuit, which is called the Synchronized Lysis Circuit (SLC). The engineered bacteria are then used as a vehicle to deliver therapeutic proteins to tumors via synchronized lysis. In Chapter Three, I discuss the application of the SLC in stabilizing a competitive ecosystem of bacteria. In Chapter Four, I discuss the effects of lysis protein production at the single-cell level on growth and survival. In Chapter Five, I discuss the behavior of the SLC at different scales (micro to macro) and it's evolution over time. All of these sections combine to describe the behavior of synchronized lysis from single-cells to populations, and the applications of such a system.
Author: Arthur Koch Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9781402000676 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 484
Book Description
This book is unique in the way microbiology is presented. As some of the simplest organisms, bacteria have a close connection to physics and chemistry. Throughout the book an appreciation of how these organisms solve their problems is given. They do so in a way that is adequate but less dependent on the evolution of very sophisticated biological tools that are so prominent in the biology of eukaryotic plants and animals. This simplicity is a consequence of the fact that the Domain of Bacteria separated from the evolutionary tree earlier than the other two Domains. Early parts of the book are devoted to evolutionary processes and mathematics for the study of bacteria growth. Also presented are the physics of osmotic pressure, surface tension, and relevant aspects of biochemistry. Since this book presents a novel approach to microbiology, it will be appropriate for all microbiologists and students. Even though it is written so that a prior knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and microbiology is not needed, it will be read, studied, and thought about by people with a more physical background.
Author: Trevor C. Charles Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319615106 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
In this book, the latest tools available for functional metagenomics research are described.This research enables scientists to directly access the genomes from diverse microbial genomes at one time and study these “metagenomes”. Using the modern tools of genome sequencing and cloning, researchers have now been able to harness this astounding metagenomic diversity to understand and exploit the diverse functions of microorganisms. Leading scientists from around the world demonstrate how these approaches have been applied in many different settings, including aquatic and terrestrial habitats, microbiomes, and many more environments. This is a highly informative and carefully presented book, providing microbiologists with a summary of the latest functional metagenomics literature on all specific habitats.
Author: M.A. de Pedro
Author: M.A. de Pedro
Author: I.C. Gunsalus
Author: Tobias Dörr
Author: J.-M. Ghuysen
Author: Beatrice Leora Kelly
Author: Muhammad Omar Zanulabe Din
Author: Arthur Koch
Author: Trevor C. Charles
Author: Source Wikipedia
Author: Amy Wing Chang