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Book Description
Dans la Mésopotamie et dans l’Égypte, premières sociétés dans lesquelles on retrouve des traces d’écritures, les fractions apparaissent dans le cadre de pratiques sociales de mesure, de partage et de distribution de biens matériels. Chevallard (1989) souligne bien que : « le problème n’est pas le seul partage empirique de biens, tel que pourrait le réaliser un individu, ou une collectivité restreinte d’individus – dont l’action est première et se suffit à elle-même – mais une instance gestionnaire supérieure qui doit décider de ses modalités de partage, des procédures à suivre, avant même que l’action soit réalisée ». Ainsi, disposer de savoirs arithmétiques concernant les fractions permet de calculer d’avance le résultat du partage (sans nécessiter de la réalisation effective du partage).Chez les Grecs, la notion de fraction apparaît dans le contexte des rapports et des proportions et n’est pas associée à un type de nombres qui est comparable aux nombres rationnels d’aujourd’hui. Le développement des fractions se poursuit dans le cadre de la civilisation islamo-arabe et s’étend vers l’Europe médiévale à travers le commerce. Vers la fin du Moyen Âge, la théorie des rapports et proportions évolue vers une arithmétisation de ces concepts, ce qui favorise la réalisation de calculs et l’élaboration d’une arithmétique des fractions. La théorie des proportions continue à avoir une place fondamentale dans le développement de l’algèbre de Viète (au XVIIe siècle) et les fractions y apparaissent liées à la division. Vers la fin du XVIe siècle, Stevin réussit à répandre l’usage des fractions décimales et des nombres décimaux, ce qui permet à Descartes, quelques années plus tard, d’asseoir son algèbre sur l’idée de mesure (Kibindigiri, 1995). Dans ce texte, nous présenterons différents usages (internes ou externes aux mathématiques) des nombres rationnels, autant dans sa représentation fractionnaire que décimale, et leurs rapports avec d’autres concepts mathématiques pour lesquels ce type de nombre joue un rôle fondamental.
Book Description
Dans la Mésopotamie et dans l’Égypte, premières sociétés dans lesquelles on retrouve des traces d’écritures, les fractions apparaissent dans le cadre de pratiques sociales de mesure, de partage et de distribution de biens matériels. Chevallard (1989) souligne bien que : « le problème n’est pas le seul partage empirique de biens, tel que pourrait le réaliser un individu, ou une collectivité restreinte d’individus – dont l’action est première et se suffit à elle-même – mais une instance gestionnaire supérieure qui doit décider de ses modalités de partage, des procédures à suivre, avant même que l’action soit réalisée ». Ainsi, disposer de savoirs arithmétiques concernant les fractions permet de calculer d’avance le résultat du partage (sans nécessiter de la réalisation effective du partage).Chez les Grecs, la notion de fraction apparaît dans le contexte des rapports et des proportions et n’est pas associée à un type de nombres qui est comparable aux nombres rationnels d’aujourd’hui. Le développement des fractions se poursuit dans le cadre de la civilisation islamo-arabe et s’étend vers l’Europe médiévale à travers le commerce. Vers la fin du Moyen Âge, la théorie des rapports et proportions évolue vers une arithmétisation de ces concepts, ce qui favorise la réalisation de calculs et l’élaboration d’une arithmétique des fractions. La théorie des proportions continue à avoir une place fondamentale dans le développement de l’algèbre de Viète (au XVIIe siècle) et les fractions y apparaissent liées à la division. Vers la fin du XVIe siècle, Stevin réussit à répandre l’usage des fractions décimales et des nombres décimaux, ce qui permet à Descartes, quelques années plus tard, d’asseoir son algèbre sur l’idée de mesure (Kibindigiri, 1995). Dans ce texte, nous présenterons différents usages (internes ou externes aux mathématiques) des nombres rationnels, autant dans sa représentation fractionnaire que décimale, et leurs rapports avec d’autres concepts mathématiques pour lesquels ce type de nombre joue un rôle fondamental.
Author: Anne Watson Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331909629X Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 339
Book Description
*THIS BOOK IS AVAILABLE AS OPEN ACCESS BOOK ON SPRINGERLINK* This open access book is the product of ICMI Study 22 Task Design in Mathematics Education. The study offers a state-of-the-art summary of relevant research and goes beyond that to develop new insights and new areas of knowledge and study about task design. The authors represent a wide range of countries and cultures and are leading researchers, teachers and designers. In particular, the authors develop explicit understandings of the opportunities and difficulties involved in designing and implementing tasks and of the interfaces between the teaching, researching and designing roles – recognising that these might be undertaken by the same person or by completely separate teams. Tasks generate the activity through which learners meet mathematical concepts, ideas, strategies and learn to use and develop mathematical thinking and modes of enquiry. Teaching includes the selection, modification, design, sequencing, installation, observation and evaluation of tasks. The book illustrates how task design is core to effective teaching, whether the task is a complex, extended, investigation or a small part of a lesson; whether it is part of a curriculum system, such as a textbook, or promotes free standing activity; whether the task comes from published source or is devised by the teacher or the student.
Author: Max Weber Publisher: Simon and Schuster ISBN: 143911918X Category : Religion Languages : en Pages : 522
Book Description
Weber’s classic study which deals specifically with: Types of Asceticism and the Significance of Ancient Judaism, History and Social Organization of Ancient Palestine, Political Organization and Religious Ideas in the Time of the Confederacy and the Early Kings, Political Decline, Religious Conflict and Biblical Prophecy.
Author: Marianna Bosch Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429582420 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 271
Book Description
This book presents the main research veins developed within the framework of the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD), a paradigm that originated in French didactics of mathematics. While a great number of publications on ATD are available in French and Spanish, Working with the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic in Mathematics Education is the first directed at English-speaking international audiences. Written and edited by leading researchers in ATD, the book covers all aspects of ATD theory and practice, including teaching applications. The chapters feature the most relevant and recent investigations presented at the 6th international conference on the ATD, offering a unique opportunity for an international audience interested in the study of mathematics teaching and learning to keep in touch with advances in educational research. The book is divided into four sections and the contributions explore key topics such as: The core concept of ‘praxeology’, including its development and functionalities The need for new teaching praxeologies in the paradigm of questioning the world The impact of ATD on the teaching profession and the education of teachers This is the second volume in the New Perspectives on Research in Mathematics Education. This comprehensive casebook is an indispensable resource for researchers, teachers and graduate students around the world.
Author: Elena Nardi Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387371419 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 349
Book Description
This book offers a unique perspective on ways in which mathematicians: perceive their students' learning; teach; reflect on their teaching practice. Elena Nardi achieves this by employing two fictional, yet entirely data-grounded, characters to create a conversation on these important issues. The construction of these characters is based on large bodies of data including intense focused group interviews with mathematicians and extensive analyses of students' written work, collected and analyzed over a substantial period.
Author: Angelika Bikner-Ahsbahs Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319053892 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 326
Book Description
How can we deal with the diversity of theories in mathematics education? This was the main question that led the authors of this book to found the Networking Theories Group. Starting from the shared assumption that the existence of different theories is a resource for mathematics education research, the authors have explored the possibilities of interactions between theories, such as contrasting, coordinating, and locally integrating them. The book explains and illustrates what it means to network theories; it presents networking as a challenging but fruitful research practice and shows how the Group dealt with this challenge considering five theoretical approaches, namely the approach of Action, Production, and Communication (APC), the Theory of Didactical Situations (TDS), the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD), the approach of Abstraction in Context (AiC), and the Theory of Interest-Dense Situations (IDS). A synthetic presentation of each theory and their connections shows how the activity of networking generates questions at the theoretical, methodological and practical levels and how the work on these questions leads to both theoretical and practical progress. The core of the book consists of four new networking case studies which illustrate what exactly can be gained by this approach and what kind of difficulties might arise.
Author: Aḥmad Amīn Publisher: Brill Archive ISBN: 9789004056312 Category : Authors, Egyptian Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
Ahmad Amin (1886-1954) was one of that remarkable cohort of Egyptian intellectuals all born a few years either side of 1890, a group whose prolific literary output largely defined and expressed the dominant liberal trend in Egyptian intellectual and cultural life in the period of the parliamentary monarchy from the 1920s through the 1940s. The autobiographical statements of two members of this group, Salamah Musa and Taha Husayn, have previously been made available in English translations. Now the reader unfamiliar with Arabic has an English version of Amin's autobiography to complement those of Musa and Husayn and to illuminate the cultural trends of a most important period of modern Egyptian and Arab history. -- from http://www.jstor.org (Dec. 10, 2013).
Author: Jinfa Cai Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English ISBN: 9780873537117 Category : Matemáticas Languages : en Pages : 1008
Book Description
This volume, a comprehensive survey and critical analysis of today's issues in mathematics education, distills research to build knowledge and capacity in the field. The compendium is a valuable new resource that provides the most comprehensive evidence about what is known about research in mathematics education. The 38 chapters present five sections that address research about (1) foundations, (2) methods, (3) mathematical processes and content, (4) students, teachers, and learning environments, and (5) futuristic issues. Each chapter offers a synthesis of research with an eye to the historical development of a research topic and, in particular, historical milestones of the research about the topic.
Author: David McNeill Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139560913 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 279
Book Description
Human language is not the same as human speech. We use gestures and signs to communicate alongside, or instead of, speaking. Yet gestures and speech are processed in the same areas of the human brain, and the study of how both have evolved is central to research on the origins of human communication. Written by one of the pioneers of the field, this is the first book to explain how speech and gesture evolved together into a system that all humans possess. Nearly all theorizing about the origins of language either ignores gesture, views it as an add-on or supposes that language began in gesture and was later replaced by speech. David McNeill challenges the popular 'gesture-first' theory that language first emerged in a gesture-only form and proposes a groundbreaking theory of the evolution of language which explains how speech and gesture became unified.
Author: Gustavo Barallobres
Author: Gustavo Barallobres
Author: Anne Watson
Author: Max Weber
Author: Marianna Bosch
Author: Elena Nardi
Author: Angelika Bikner-Ahsbahs
Author: Michel Godet
Author: Aḥmad Amīn
Author: Jinfa Cai
Author: David McNeill