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Author: Mark W. Robinson Publisher: Frontiers E-books ISBN: 2889190773 Category : Languages : en Pages : 63
Book Description
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an ancient group of molecules with diverse functions in innate immunity. To date, more than 1000 naturally-occurring AMPs have been identified which display considerable diversity in their primary sequences, lengths, structures and biological activities. Despite this variability, AMPs are broadly classified according to homologous secondary structures as cathelicidins (linear a-helical peptides), defensins (ß-strand peptides connected by disulfide bonds) and bactenecins (loop peptides). Most, but not all, AMPs are cationic with amphipathic faces. These biochemical properties bestow many peptides with potent antimicrobial activity by facilitating interactions with negatively charged microbial cell membrane components, thereby increasing membrane permeability and resulting in microbial death. Other indirect effects on microbial physiology have been reported including inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis, impaired protein synthesis and folding, disruption of cell wall formation and inhibition of microbial cell metabolism. Thus, with the spread of antibiotic-resistant microbial pathogens, AMPs have emerged as exciting candidates for next generation anti-infective therapies. However, recent studies suggest that AMPs have evolved other mechanisms of pathogen clearance. Immunomodulation is a novel approach to antimicrobial therapy that centres on boosting host immunity rather than direct microbial killing. This is also an attractive means to treat sepsis and other immune-mediated diseases. Whilst several cationic peptides are under investigation as antimicrobial agents, a select few show a remarkable ability to protect against lethal endotoxaemia and clinically-relevant bacterial infections including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The molecular mechanisms responsible for this protection are only beginning to emerge but include prevention of innate cell activation by targeting key stages of bacterial endotoxin-mediated cell signalling. In this research topic, hosted by Frontiers in Molecular Innate Immunity, we aim to highlight key areas of AMP research including peptide diversity, structure-function relationships, antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of immune-modulation. We also aim to stimulate discussion on the emerging therapeutic potential of AMPs including antifungal, antiviral and anticancer applications.
Author: Mark W. Robinson Publisher: Frontiers E-books ISBN: 2889190773 Category : Languages : en Pages : 63
Book Description
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an ancient group of molecules with diverse functions in innate immunity. To date, more than 1000 naturally-occurring AMPs have been identified which display considerable diversity in their primary sequences, lengths, structures and biological activities. Despite this variability, AMPs are broadly classified according to homologous secondary structures as cathelicidins (linear a-helical peptides), defensins (ß-strand peptides connected by disulfide bonds) and bactenecins (loop peptides). Most, but not all, AMPs are cationic with amphipathic faces. These biochemical properties bestow many peptides with potent antimicrobial activity by facilitating interactions with negatively charged microbial cell membrane components, thereby increasing membrane permeability and resulting in microbial death. Other indirect effects on microbial physiology have been reported including inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis, impaired protein synthesis and folding, disruption of cell wall formation and inhibition of microbial cell metabolism. Thus, with the spread of antibiotic-resistant microbial pathogens, AMPs have emerged as exciting candidates for next generation anti-infective therapies. However, recent studies suggest that AMPs have evolved other mechanisms of pathogen clearance. Immunomodulation is a novel approach to antimicrobial therapy that centres on boosting host immunity rather than direct microbial killing. This is also an attractive means to treat sepsis and other immune-mediated diseases. Whilst several cationic peptides are under investigation as antimicrobial agents, a select few show a remarkable ability to protect against lethal endotoxaemia and clinically-relevant bacterial infections including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The molecular mechanisms responsible for this protection are only beginning to emerge but include prevention of innate cell activation by targeting key stages of bacterial endotoxin-mediated cell signalling. In this research topic, hosted by Frontiers in Molecular Innate Immunity, we aim to highlight key areas of AMP research including peptide diversity, structure-function relationships, antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of immune-modulation. We also aim to stimulate discussion on the emerging therapeutic potential of AMPs including antifungal, antiviral and anticancer applications.
Author: Sterling West, MD, MACP, FACR Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0323037003 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 745
Book Description
Stay up to date on the latest common and uncommon rheumatic disorders with Rheumatology Secrets Plus. This enhanced medical reference book addresses the treatment of common and uncommon rheumatic disorders, with each chapter reviewing basic immunology and pathophysiology, important disease manifestations, and practical management issues. The user-friendly style of the popular Secrets Series® makes this updated volume a valuable addition to your library! Review basic immunology and pathophysiology, important disease manifestations, and practical management issues related to rheumatic disorders. Apply the latest knowledge and techniques with content thoroughly updated by leaders in the field. Quickly review key concepts with improved "Plus" formatting, such as larger figures and easier-to-read text. Enhance your reference power through a question-and-answer format, bulleted lists, mnemonics, "Key Points" summaries, lists of useful web sites, and practical tips from the authors. Improve content knowledge with a special chapter containing "Top 100 Secrets," providing an overview of essential material for last-minute study or self-assessment. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, references, and videos from the book on a variety of devices.
Author: Sterling West Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 032364080X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 859
Book Description
For more than 30 years, the highly regarded Secrets Series® has provided students and practitioners in all areas of health care with concise, focused, and engaging resources for quick reference and exam review. Rheumatology Secrets, 4th Edition, features the Secrets' popular question-and-answer format that also includes lists, tables, pearls, memory aids, and an easy-to-read style – making inquiry, reference, and review quick, easy, and enjoyable. - The proven Secrets Series® format gives you the most return for your time – succinct, easy to read, engaging, and highly effective. - Fully revised and updated throughout, including protocols and guidelines that are continuously evolving and that increasingly dictate best practices. - Practical coverage of basic immunology and pathophysiology, important disease manifestations, and clinical management issues related to common and uncommon rheumatic disorders. - Top 100 Secrets and Key Points boxes provide a fast overview of the secrets you must know for success in practice and on exams. - Features bulleted lists, mnemonics, practical tips from leaders in the field – all providing a concise overview of important board-relevant content. - Keeps you up to date with new techniques and technologies, as well as changing treatment options and drug information. - Portable size makes it easy to carry with you for quick reference or review anywhere, anytime.
Author: Andrew Bush Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0323829163 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1584
Book Description
Extensively revised from cover to cover, Kendig and Wilmott's Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children, 10th Edition, continues to be your #1 choice for reliable, up-to-date information on all aspects of pediatric respiratory disorders. This highly respected reference is accessible to specialists and primary care providers alike, with coverage of both common and less common respiratory problems found in the newborn and child. Detailed and thorough, this edition covers basic science and its relevance to today's clinical issues as well as treatment, management, and outcomes information, making it an ideal resource for day-to-day practice as well as certification or recertification review and other professional examinations such as pHERMES. - Offers an international perspective on the whole spectrum of the specialty, including a robust video library with demonstrations of key procedures and bronchoscopic views. - Uses a consistent format with succinct, bulleted text, and contains abundant tables and figures, chapter summaries, and more than 500 full-color images to convey key information in an easy-to-digest manner. - Contains eleven new chapters and discusses timely topics such as big data and -omics in respiratory disease, COVID-19, obesity and its consequences, and vaping and nicotine addiction among children and young people. - Provides up-to-date instruction on key procedures, such as bronchoscopy and pulmonary function testing. - Highlights the knowledge and expertise of nearly 90 new authors who are global experts in the fields of pediatrics, pulmonology, neurology, microbiology, cardiology, physiology, diagnostic imaging, critical care, otolaryngology, allergy, and surgery.
Author: Kim A. Brogden Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bacteria Languages : en Pages : 460
Book Description
Polymicrobial diseases, those involving more than one etiologic agent, are more common than is generally realized and include respiratory diseases, gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, hepatitis, periodontal diseases, multiple sclerosis, genital infections, intra -- abdominal infections, and pertussis.
Author: Maitham Khajah Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1789852854 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
This book highlights the numerous important properties of neutrophils and their role in various diseases, and as a possible therapeutic target as well. The first chapter briefly discusses the main effector neutrophil functions, which is followed by two chapters discussing the importance of different neutrophil receptors (cannabinoid and Fc?R) and their role in various disease conditions. The fourth chapter discusses the differential expression profile of CD16+CD11b+ on the surface of neutrophils as a tool for the diagnosis of acute infections. The last chapter discusses the physics of the NADPH oxidase system and the use of different chemiluminigenic probes for the detection of various reactive oxygen intermediates of the circulating neutrophils.
Author: Thomas A. Kufer Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889196216 Category : Medicine (General) Languages : en Pages : 222
Book Description
The Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of proteins are evolutionary conserved molecules that in plants and mammals have been implicated in innate immune sensing of microbes and infection-associated physiological changes, contributing to immune protection of the challenged host organism through the instruction of inflammatory responses, antimicrobial defense and adaptive immunity. Recent data however suggests that the biological roles of NLR go beyond the function of classical pattern recognition molecules (PRM) as they have been implicated in essential cellular processes including autophagy, apoptosis, modification of signal transduction and gene transcription as well as reproductive biology. In this research topic, we aim to provide a comprehensive state-of the art overview of the emerging functions of NLR in plant and mammalian immunity, cell biology and reproductive biology. Potential topics may include, but are not limited to the following areas: • Functions of NLRs as PRMs in infection • Cross-talk of NLRs with other PRMs • Signal transduction pathways of NLRs • New functions of NLRs other than pattern recognition • Structural aspects of NLR activation • Mechanisms of NLRs in cell biological processes • Aspects of NLRs in reproductive biology • Functions of NLRs in plant immune responses
Author: Mark W. Robinson
Author: Mark W. Robinson
Author: Tomoki Kosho
Author: Sterling West, MD, MACP, FACR
Author: Amin Tamadon
Author: Sterling West
Author: Rodolfo García-Contreras
Author: Andrew Bush
Author: Kim A. Brogden
Author: Maitham Khajah
Author: Thomas A. Kufer