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Author: Kousei Martin Perales Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Lake littoral zones play an integral role in production, community assembly, and the coupling of ecosystem components. These areas are critical habitat for many species due to its structural complexity in the form of abundant habitat. Because these areas are essential components of lakes, I explore several drivers in littoral zones. I have taken cross-system comparisons, long-term observations, and detailed within lake observations and combined them with modeling to ask the following questions about littoral zone habitat and communities: what are strong drivers of littoral zone habitat quality, and what is the role of this habitat? In Chapter 1, I quantify lake water level changes during a multiyear drought. These lakes experienced nearly identical weather and climate but had divergent responses in terms of water level loss. This variability was explained by lake and landscape characteristics that served as proxies for a lakes' hydrologic budget, which ultimately mediate the response to climate. I found that seepage lakes responded the most dramatically, and the water level changes translated to more substantial losses of coarse woody habitat (CWH). Thus, droughts and the associated impacts on habitat may be a regional driver of change. In Chapter 2, I characterized fish community and habitat change across a lakeshore residential development (LRD) gradient. I quantified the typical habitat changes associated with increasing LRD, including decreased CWH and riparian forest density and alterations in littoral substrates. Additionally, I identified winners and losers in the fish community across an LRD gradient. I found that fish with similar responses to LRD had vastly different habitat associations, suggesting that other drivers associated with LRD are likely also affecting communities. In Chapter 3, I examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of an invasive rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) and native virile crayfish (F. virilis) population in the context of a whole-lake experiment. Eight years of rusty crayfish removals successfully suppressed a high abundance population, which allowed macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, Lepomis sunfishes, and virile crayfish to recover. In examining the within lake spatiotemporal dynamics of both species, I learn that the virile crayfish recovery was highly localized, and influenced by littoral habitat and the abundance of rusty crayfish.
Author: Kousei Martin Perales Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Lake littoral zones play an integral role in production, community assembly, and the coupling of ecosystem components. These areas are critical habitat for many species due to its structural complexity in the form of abundant habitat. Because these areas are essential components of lakes, I explore several drivers in littoral zones. I have taken cross-system comparisons, long-term observations, and detailed within lake observations and combined them with modeling to ask the following questions about littoral zone habitat and communities: what are strong drivers of littoral zone habitat quality, and what is the role of this habitat? In Chapter 1, I quantify lake water level changes during a multiyear drought. These lakes experienced nearly identical weather and climate but had divergent responses in terms of water level loss. This variability was explained by lake and landscape characteristics that served as proxies for a lakes' hydrologic budget, which ultimately mediate the response to climate. I found that seepage lakes responded the most dramatically, and the water level changes translated to more substantial losses of coarse woody habitat (CWH). Thus, droughts and the associated impacts on habitat may be a regional driver of change. In Chapter 2, I characterized fish community and habitat change across a lakeshore residential development (LRD) gradient. I quantified the typical habitat changes associated with increasing LRD, including decreased CWH and riparian forest density and alterations in littoral substrates. Additionally, I identified winners and losers in the fish community across an LRD gradient. I found that fish with similar responses to LRD had vastly different habitat associations, suggesting that other drivers associated with LRD are likely also affecting communities. In Chapter 3, I examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of an invasive rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) and native virile crayfish (F. virilis) population in the context of a whole-lake experiment. Eight years of rusty crayfish removals successfully suppressed a high abundance population, which allowed macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, Lepomis sunfishes, and virile crayfish to recover. In examining the within lake spatiotemporal dynamics of both species, I learn that the virile crayfish recovery was highly localized, and influenced by littoral habitat and the abundance of rusty crayfish.
Author: Charles R. Goldman Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118470613 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 481
Book Description
Effects of global warming on the physical, chemical, ecological structure and function and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems are not well understood and there are many opinions on how to adapt aquatic environments to global warming in order to minimize the negative effects of climate change. Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters presents a synthesis of the latest research on a whole range of inland water habitats – lakes, running water, wetlands – and offers novel and timely suggestions for future research, monitoring and adaptation strategies. A global approach, offered in this book, encompasses systems from the arctic to the Antarctic, including warm-water systems in the tropics and subtropics and presents a unique and useful source for all those looking for contemporary case studies and presentation of the latest research findings and discussion of mitigation and adaptation throughout the world. Edited by three of the leading limnologists in the field this book represents the latest developments with a focus not only on the impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems but also offers a framework and suggestions for future management strategies and how these can be implemented in the future. Limnologists, Climate change biologists, fresh water ecologists, palaeoclimatologists and students taking relevant courses within the earth and environmental sciences will find this book invaluable. The book will also be of interest to planners, catchment managers and engineers looking for solutions to broader environmental problems but who need to consider freshwater ecology.
Author: Karl M. Wantzen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402091923 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 184
Book Description
Most aquatic ecosystems have variable water levels. These water-level fluctuations (WLF) have multiple effects on the organisms above and below the waterline. Natural WLF patterns in lakes guarantee both productivity and biodiversity, while untimely floods and droughts may have negative effects. Human impacts on WLF have led to a stabilization of the water levels of many lakes by hydraulic regulation, untimely drawdown due to water use, or floods due to water release from hydropower plants in the catchments. This book provides a first review in this field. It presents selected papers on the ecological effects of WLF in lakes, resulting from a workshop at the University of Konstanz in winter 2005. Issues addressed here include the extent of WLF, and analyses of their effects on different groups of biota from microorganisms to vertebrates. Applied issues include recommendations for the hydrological management of regulated lakes to reduce negative impacts, and a conceptual framework is delivered by an extension of the floodpulse concept for lakes. Current impacts on water use, including increasing demands on drinking and irrigation water, hydropower etc., and climate change effects on WLF make this book an essential resource for aquatic ecologists, engineers, and decision-makers dealing with the management of lake ecosystems and their catchments.
Author: Gene E. Likens Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123820030 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 478
Book Description
A derivative of the Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, Lake Ecosystem Ecology examines the workings of the lake and reservoir ecosystems of our planet. Information and perspectives crucial to the understanding and management of current environmental problems are covered, such as eutrophication, acid rain and climate change. Because the articles are drawn from an encyclopedia, the articles are easily accessible to interested members of the public, such as conservationists and environmental decision makers. - Includes an up-to-date summary of global aquatic ecosystems and issues - Covers current environmental problems and management solutions - Features full-color figures and tables to support the text and aid in understanding
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9781009157971 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 755
Book Description
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Boqiang Qin Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402085559 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 349
Book Description
2 In China, there are more than 2,759 lakes with surface area greater than 1km , and 2 the total lake area is 91,019km . One-third of these lakes are freshwater lakes, and the majority are situated in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River or in eastern China’s coastal areas. These lakes function as drinking water supplies, ood control systems, aquaculture and tourism resources, navigation channels, etc. Recently, many shallow lakes in China have been subject to rapid eutrophication and suffer from algal blooms. This issue has resulted in a shortage of drinking water and in degradation of their ecosystems. The control of eutrophication of shallow lakes is one of the main issues with which the local people and Chinese governments are concerned today. Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China, with an area of about 2 2338km and a mean depth of 1. 9m, a typical shallow lake located in the delta of Changjiang River, the most industrialized and urbanized area in China. Its main function is supplying drinking water for the surrounding cities, such as Wuxi, Suzhou, and Shanghai, but tourism, aquaculture, sheries, and navigation are imp- tant as well. However, with economic development and increased population in the lake basin, Lake Taihu has suffered increasingly from serious eutrophication. The environmental issue of Lake Taihu is now a very common one, as most lakes from eastern China are confronted with it.
Author: Donat-P. Häder Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030756025 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 426
Book Description
This book provides examples of pollutants, such as accidental oil spills and non-degradable plastic debris, which affect marine organisms of all taxa. Terrestrial runoff washes large amounts of dissolved organic materials from agriculture and industry, toxic heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and persistent organic pollutants which end up into rivers, coastal habitats, and open waters. While this book is not intended to encyclopaedically list all kinds of pollution, it rather exemplifies the problems by concentrating on a number of serious and prominent recent developments. The chapters in this book also discuss measures to decrease and remove aquatic pollution to mitigate the stress on aquatic organisms. Aquatic ecosystems provide a wide range of ecological and economical services. In addition to providing a large share of the staple diet for a fast growing human population, oceans absorb most of the anthropogenically emitted carbon dioxide and mitigate climate change. As well as rising temperatures and ocean acidification, pollution poses increasing problems for aquatic ecosystems and organisms reducing its functioning and services which are exposed to a plethora of stress factors.
Author: Max M. Tilzer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642840779 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 699
Book Description
The vast majority of the world's lakes are small in size and short lived in geological terms. Only 253 of the thousands of lakes on this planet have surface areas larger than 500 square kilometers. At first sight, this statistic would seem to indicate that large lakes are relatively unimportant on a global scale; in fact, however, large lakes contain the bulk of the liquid surface freshwater of the earth. Just Lake Baikal and the Laurentian Great Lakes alone contain more than 38% of the world's total liquid freshwater. Thus, the large lakes of the world accentuate an important feature of the earth's freshwater reserves-its extremely irregular distribution. The energy crisis of the 1970s and 1980s made us aware of the fact that we live on a spaceship with finite, that is, exhaustible resources. On the other hand, the energy crisis led to an overemphasis on all the issues concerning energy supply and all the problems connected with producing new energy. The energy crisis also led us to ignore strong evidence suggesting that water of appropriate quality to be used as a resouce will be used up more quickly than energy will. Although in principle water is a "renewable resource," the world's water reserves are diminishing in two fashions, the effects of which are multiplicative: enhanced consumption and accelerated degradation of quality.
Author: Martin Kernan Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell ISBN: 9781405179133 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
This text examines the impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems, past, present and future. It especially considers the interactions between climate change and other drivers of change including hydromorphological modification, nutrient loading, acid deposition and contamination by toxic substances using evidence from palaeolimnology, time-series analysis, space-for-time substitution, laboratory and field experiments and process modelling. The book evaluates these processes in relation to extreme events, seasonal changes in ecosystems, trends over decadal-scale time periods, mitigation strategies and ecosystem recovery. The book is also concerned with how aspects of hydrophysical, hydrochemical and ecological change can be used as early indicators of climate change in aquatic ecosystems and it addresses the implications of future climate change for freshwater ecosystem management at the catchment scale. This is an ideal book for the scientific research community, but is also accessible to Masters and senior undergraduate students.
Author: Stephen R. Carpenter Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461238382 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 287
Book Description
In its statutory authority (National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended), the NSF is directed to both initiate and support basic scientific research. In its Ecology Program, one mode of initiating research is to en courage the development of new ideas through advisory workshops. The NSF is specifically directed to strengthen our nation's research potential. In addition, stimulating new approaches to research will continue to be prominent in the coming years as federal attention is given to increasing the innovativeness and competitiveness of the U. S. in science and engineering. A decision to initiate a workshop does not arise de novo in the Ecology Program. Rather, it emerges from panel discussions, conversations with in vestigators at meetings or on the phone, and from discussions between pro gram officers in the Division of Biotic Systems and Resources. This workshop was developed to provide advice to the NSF and the lim nological community. Some NSF perceptions on future funding for ecolog ical research on lake communities are presented here. Researchers often mentioned a paucity of innovative lake ecology at the community level. This perception was accompanied by a certain frustration since lakes probably have the best empirical data base of any natural environment and should continue to lead in the development of ecological concepts. Members of NSF advisory panels sometimes expressed similar concerns during consid eration of proposals for lake research.
Author: Kousei Martin Perales
Author: Kousei Martin Perales
Author: Charles R. Goldman
Author: Karl M. Wantzen
Author: Gene E. Likens
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Author: Boqiang Qin
Author: Donat-P. Häder
Author: Max M. Tilzer
Author: Martin Kernan
Author: Stephen R. Carpenter