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Author: B.S. Middleditch Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 008085849X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1059
Book Description
This encyclopaedic catalogue of the pitfalls and problems that all analysts encounter in their work is destined to spend more time on the analyst's workbench than on a library shelf. The author has dedicated the book to ``the innumerable scientists who made mistakes, used impure chemicals and solvents, suffered the consequences of unanticipated side-reactions, and were otherwise exposed to mayhem yet were not too embarrassed to publish their findings''. Traditionally, the mass spectroscopist or gas chromatographer learnt his trade by participating in a 4-6 year apprenticeship as graduate student and post-doctoral researcher. Generally, no formal training was provided on the things that go wrong, but this information was accumulated by sharing in the experiences of colleagues. Nowadays, many novice scientists simply purchase a computerized instrument, plug it in, and use it. Much time can be wasted in studying and resolving problems due to artifacts and there is also a strong possibility that artifacts will not be recognized as such. For example, most analysts realize that they should use glass rather than plastic containers; but few of them would anticipate the possibility of plasticizer residues on glassware washed using detergent from a plastic bottle.This book is an easy-to-use compendium of problems encountered when using various commonly used analytical techniques. Emphasis is on impurities, by-products, contaminants and other artifacts. A separate entry is provided for each artifact. For specific chemicals, this entry provides the common name, mass spectrum, gas chromatographic data, CAS name and registry number, synonyms and a narrative discussion. More than 1100 entries are included. Mass spectral data are indexed in a 6-peak index (molecular ion, base peak, second peak, third peak) and there are also formula, author and subject indexes. An extensive bibliography contains complete literature citations.The book is designed to be used. It will not only allow experienced analysts to profit from the mistakes of others, but it will also be invaluable to other scientists who use analytical instruments in their work.
Author: B.S. Middleditch Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 008085849X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1059
Book Description
This encyclopaedic catalogue of the pitfalls and problems that all analysts encounter in their work is destined to spend more time on the analyst's workbench than on a library shelf. The author has dedicated the book to ``the innumerable scientists who made mistakes, used impure chemicals and solvents, suffered the consequences of unanticipated side-reactions, and were otherwise exposed to mayhem yet were not too embarrassed to publish their findings''. Traditionally, the mass spectroscopist or gas chromatographer learnt his trade by participating in a 4-6 year apprenticeship as graduate student and post-doctoral researcher. Generally, no formal training was provided on the things that go wrong, but this information was accumulated by sharing in the experiences of colleagues. Nowadays, many novice scientists simply purchase a computerized instrument, plug it in, and use it. Much time can be wasted in studying and resolving problems due to artifacts and there is also a strong possibility that artifacts will not be recognized as such. For example, most analysts realize that they should use glass rather than plastic containers; but few of them would anticipate the possibility of plasticizer residues on glassware washed using detergent from a plastic bottle.This book is an easy-to-use compendium of problems encountered when using various commonly used analytical techniques. Emphasis is on impurities, by-products, contaminants and other artifacts. A separate entry is provided for each artifact. For specific chemicals, this entry provides the common name, mass spectrum, gas chromatographic data, CAS name and registry number, synonyms and a narrative discussion. More than 1100 entries are included. Mass spectral data are indexed in a 6-peak index (molecular ion, base peak, second peak, third peak) and there are also formula, author and subject indexes. An extensive bibliography contains complete literature citations.The book is designed to be used. It will not only allow experienced analysts to profit from the mistakes of others, but it will also be invaluable to other scientists who use analytical instruments in their work.
Author: Jenny L. Davis Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262044110 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
A conceptual update of affordance theory that introduces the mechanisms and conditions framework, providing a vocabulary and critical perspective. Technological affordances mediate between the features of a technology and the outcomes of engagement with that technology. The concept of affordances, which migrated from psychology to design with Donald Norman's influential 1988 book, The Design of Everyday Things, offers a useful analytical tool in technology studies—but, Jenny Davis argues in How Artifacts Afford, it is in need of a conceptual update. Davis provides just such an update, introducing the mechanisms and conditions framework, which offers both a vocabulary and necessary critical perspective for affordance analyses. The mechanisms and conditions framework shifts the question from what objects afford to how objects afford, for whom, and under what circumstances. Davis shows that through this framework, analyses can account for the power and politics of technological artifacts. She situates the framework within a critical approach that views technology as materialized action. She explains how request, demand, encourage, discourage, refuse, and allow are mechanisms of affordance, and shows how these mechanisms take shape through variable conditions—perception, dexterity, and cultural and institutional legitimacy. Putting the framework into action, Davis identifies existing methodological approaches that complement it, including critical technocultural discourse analysis (CTDA), app feature analysis, and adversarial design. In today's rapidly changing sociotechnical landscape, the stakes of affordance analyses are high. Davis's mechanisms and conditions framework offers a timely theoretical reboot, providing tools for the crucial tasks of both analysis and design.
Author: Rebecca Anne Wukasch Murray Publisher: University of Ottawa Press ISBN: 1772821071 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 394
Book Description
Using artifact data collected and analyzed in 1978 from 4 sites in the Duke Point area and comparable data from other sites in the southern Gulf of Georgia region, it is demonstrated that perceived differences in artifact assemblages, particularly on a presence/absence basis, are not as clear-cut as they were once considered to be. Rather, the significant differences lie in the relative frequencies and percentages of certain artifact types. The utility of the current three-part framework for archaeological analysis, which has encouraged the interpretation of migration, diffusion, and independent invention to explain the origins and temporal variation of culture in the southern Gulf of Georgia region, is critically examined.
Author: R. Lee Lyman Publisher: U of Nebraska Press ISBN: 0803280521 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 359
Book Description
Combining historical research with a lucid explication of archaeological methodology and reasoning, Measuring Time with Artifacts examines the origins and changing use of fundamental chronometric techniques and procedures and analyzes the different ways American archaeologists have studied changes in artifacts, sites, and peoples over time. In highlighting the underpinning ontology and epistemology of artifact-based chronometers?cultural transmission and how to measure it archaeologically?this volume covers issues such as why archaeologists used the cultural evolutionism of L. H. Morgan, E. B. Tylor, L. A. White, and others instead of biological evolutionism; why artifact classification played a critical role in the adoption of stratigraphic excavation; how the direct historical approach accomplished three analytical tasks at once; why cultural traits were important analytical units; why paleontological and archaeological methods sometimes mirror one another; how artifact classification influences chronometric method; and how graphs illustrate change in artifacts over time. An understanding of the history of artifact-based chronometers enables us to understand how we know what we think we know about the past, ensures against modern misapplication of the methods, and sheds light on the reasoning behind archaeologists' actions during the first half of the twentieth century.
Author: John E Hunter Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 9781412904797 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 620
Book Description
Covering the most important developments in meta-analysis from 1990 to 2004, this text presents new patterns in research findings as well as updated information on existing topics.
Author: Charles R. Ewen Publisher: Rowman Altamira ISBN: 0759116237 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
How can you ensure that you are learning everything your artifacts have to teach you? Charles Ewen explores a variety of methods and techniques used to prepare, protect, and analyze artifacts once they are in the lab. In brief, user-friendly sections, he outlines the basic principles of identification, classification, quantification, data manipulation, and analysis. Students will find that Ewen's suggestions point out fruitful areas of analysis, yet do not dictate the researcher's approach. Examples drawn from 16th century Spanish sites in the Americas introduce students to the hows and whys of archaeological lab work.
Author: Benjamin Floyd Brown Publisher: ISBN: Category : Antiquities Languages : en Pages : 264
Book Description
Electrochemical corrosion and reduction / Marcel Pourbaix -- Corrosion product characterization / N.A. Nielsen -- Principles of gaseous reduction of corrosion products / C. Ernest Birchenall and Russell A. Meussner -- Some brief remarks on electrochemical reduction / Jerome Kruger -- Measures for preventing corrosion of metals / R.T. Foley -- A review of the history and practice of patination / Phoebe Dent Weil -- The production of artificial patination on copper / D.C. Hemming -- Beta iron oxide hydroxide formation in localized active corrosion of iron artifacts / F. Zucchi, G. Morigi, and V. Bertolasi -- The current status of the treatment of corroded metal artifacts / R.M. Organ -- Some constructive corrodings / Cyril Stanley Smith -- Conservation of rusty iron objects by hydrogen reduction / L. Barkman -- Restoration of large gilded statues using various electrochemical and metallurgical techniques / Fielding Ogburn, Elio Passaglia, Harry C. Burnett, Jerome Kruger, and Marion L. Picklesimer -- Problems of retrieval and retention of artifacts in field excavations / W. Trousdale.
Author: T. Douglas Price Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441963766 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 340
Book Description
Archaeological chemistry is a subject of great importance to the study and methodology of archaeology. This comprehensive text covers the subject with a full range of case studies, materials, and research methods. With twenty years of experience teaching the subject, the authors offer straightforward coverage of archaeological chemistry, a subject that can be intimidating for many archaeologists who do not already have a background in the hard sciences. With clear explanations and informative illustrations, the authors have created a highly approachable text, which will help readers overcome that intimidation. Topics covered included: Materials (rock, pottery, bone, charcoal, soils, metals, and others), Instruments (microscopes, NAA, spectrometers, mass spectrometers, GC/MS, XRF & XRD, Case Studies (Provinience, Sediments, Diet Reconstruction, Past Human Movement, Organic Residues). The detailed coverage and clear language will make this useful as an introduction to the study of archaeological chemistry, as well as a useful resource for years after that introduction.
Author: Anthony R. Mire-Sluis Publisher: S. Karger AG (Switzerland) ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
With the latest advances in analytical technologies, most biological products can now be extensively characterized in terms of their identity, heterogeneity and impurity profile. The currently available analytical methods (both physicochemical and biological) can characterize the primary, secondary and to some extent, the higher order structure of proteins. The sensitivity and selectivity of these methods allow for the identification and characterization not only of the desired protein component, but also many product-related substances and impurities as well as process-related impurities present in the drug preparations. Using an appropriate selection of analytical tools, it may be possible to demonstrate physicochemical and functional comparability between protein products manufactured before and after a manufacturing change or during product development. However, the extent of demonstrable comparability depends on the tests used, on the nature of the product and on the basic understanding of structure-function relationships. Assessment of immunogenicity is also a critical component of product characterization and is highly dependent on the types of assays used.
Author: Frank L. Schmidt Publisher: SAGE Publications ISBN: 1483313085 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 673
Book Description
Designed to provide researchers clear and informative insight into techniques of meta-analysis, the Third Edition of Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings is the most comprehensive text on meta-analysis available today. It is the only book that presents a full and usable treatment of the role of study artifacts in distorting study results, as well as methods for correcting results for such biases and errors. Meta-analysis is arguably the most important methodological innovation in the last thirty-five years, due to its immense impact on the development of cumulative knowledge and professional practice. This text, now in its updated Third Edition, has been revised to cover the newest developments in meta-analysis methods, evaluation, correction, and more. This reader-friendly book is the definitive resource on meta-analysis. “This text is the primary source text for psychometric meta-analysis methods.” —Emily E. Tanner-Smith, Vanderbilt University “The key strength of the book is the complete and thorough coverage of psychometric meta-analysis. This technique is not covered in any other meta-analysis text, and is a major contribution to the literature…The meta-analysis field needs to find ways to integrate Hunter and Schmidt’s methods into current meta-analysis practice.” —Terri D. Pigott, Loyola University of Chicago “This is an important text. It is the only book that presents adequate coverage of psychometric meta-analysis. In addition to its use as a textbook, it is an invaluable resource for anyone involved in meta-analytic studies.” —Steven Pulos, University of Northern Colorado
Author: B.S. Middleditch
Author: B.S. Middleditch
Author: Jenny L. Davis
Author: Rebecca Anne Wukasch Murray
Author: R. Lee Lyman
Author: John E Hunter
Author: Charles R. Ewen
Author: Benjamin Floyd Brown
Author: T. Douglas Price
Author: Anthony R. Mire-Sluis
Author: Frank L. Schmidt