Analysis of the Fuel Economy Potential of a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine and a CVT in an HEV and a Conventional Vehicle Based on In-situ Measurements PDF Download

Author: Byung-Soon Min
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309216389
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 373

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Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.

Author: John H Johnson
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN: 1468602098
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 700

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Emission and fuel economy regulations and standards are compelling manufacturers to build ultra-low emission vehicles. As a result, engineers must develop spark-ignition engines with integrated emission control systems that use reformulated low-sulfur fuel. Emission Control and Fuel Economy for Port and Direct Injected SI Engines is a collection of SAE technical papers that covers the fundamentals of gasoline direct injection (DI) engine emissions and fuel economy, design variable effects on HC emissions, and advanced emission control technology and modeling approaches. All papers contained in this book were selected by an accomplished expert as the best in the field; reprinted in their entirety, they present a pathway to integrated emission control systems that meet 2004-2009 EPA standards for light-duty vehicles.

Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Abstract : The in-cylinder trapped air, residual gas, and temperature are important dynamic parameters in Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Spark Ignition (SI) engines for fuel and combustion control. However, their real-time prediction for transient engine operations is complicated, especially when concerning variable valve timing. A dynamic cycle-by-cycle control-oriented discrete nonlinear model is proposed and developed in this thesis to estimate the in-cylinder mixture temperature and the mass of trapped air, and residual gas at the point of Intake Valve Closing (IVC). The developed model uses in-cylinder, intake, and exhaust pressures as the primary inputs. The exhaust gas backflow into the cylinder is estimated using a compressible ideal gas model that is designed for engines equipped with Variable Valve Timing (VVT). The designed model is integrated into a rapid-prototype control system for real-time operation. The model's dynamic behavior is validated using an engine dynamometer transient test cycle under real-time conditions. The cold crank-start phase significantly contributes to total engine-out emissions during the US Federal Test Procedure (FTP). The first three engine cycles of the cold crank-start for a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) elevated cranking speed is investigated at 20°C. To this end, the impact of the operating strategy on the individual-cylinder engine-out emissions is analyzed quantitatively. For this purpose, a new dynamic method was developed to translate the engine-out emissions concentration measured at the exhaust manifold outlet to mass per cycle per cylinder. The HEV elevated cranking speed provides valve timing control, throttling, and increased fuel injection pressure from the first firings. This study concentrates on analyzing the cranking speed, spark timing, valve timing, and fuel injection strategy, and parameter effects on engine-out emissions. Design of Experiment (DOE) method is used to create a two-step multi-level fractional-factorial test plan with a minimum number of test points to evaluate the significant parameters affecting engine-out emissions during cold crank-start. The split injection parameters, including the Start of the first Injection (SOI), End of the second injection (EOI), and split ratio, in addition to the first cycle additive fuel factor, are investigated. Results show that using the high cranking speed with stabilized low intake Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP), highly-retarded spark timing, high valve overlap, late intake first injection, 30 CAD bTDC firing EOI, and low first cycle fuel factor reduces the average first three cycles HC emission by 94\%.

Author: John C. Hilliard
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489922776
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 460

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Concern about the reduced availability and the increased cost of petroleum fuels prompted great efforts in recent years to reduce the fuel consumption of auto mobiles. The ongoing efforts to reduce fuel consumption have addressed many relevant factors, including increased engine performance, reduced friction, use of lightweight materials, and reduced aerodynamic drag. The results of the investigations assessing the various factors affecting fuel economy have been published in journals, conference proceedings, and in company and government reports. This proliferation of technical information makes it difficult for workers to keep abreast of aU developments. The material presented in this book brings together in a single volume much of the relevant materials, summarizes many of the state-of-the-art theories and data, and provides extensive lists of references. Thus, it is hoped that this book will be a useful reference for specialists and practicing engineers interested in the fuel economy of automobiles. J. C. HILLIARD o. S. SPRINGER vii CONTENTS 1. AUTOMOTIVE FUEL ECONOMY David Cole I. Introduction and Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . n. Fuel Economy Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A. Engine................................................... 11 B. Drive Train. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Vehicle Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Operating Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Test Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. FUEL ECONOMY AND EMISSIONS J. T. Kummer I. Introduction .................................................. . 35 n. Emission Regulations .......................................... .

Author: Russell W. Zub
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 98

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Author: D. J. A. Cole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 78

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Author: Arthur D. Little, Inc
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Motor vehicles
Languages : en
Pages : 62

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Author: Donald A. Hurter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Author: Donald A. Hurter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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