Author: Samuel Lee ShaferPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Book Description
Analysis of Genotype-environment Interactions in Selected Hard Red Winter Wheat Varieties Using Linear Regression
Author: Samuel Lee ShaferGenotype by Environment Interactions and Linear Regression Analyses in Wheat Grain Yield
Author: Makoto TaharaGenotype-environment Interaction in Winter Wheat F1 Progeny
Author: Clarence James PetersonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Book Description
Seven winter wheats were evaluated for plant height, the components of yield and yield in a diallel cross at Pendleton, Oregon and Lind, Washington. An additional parent was added to the diallel cross at Pullman, Washington. Two levels of nitrogen and five replications were utilized at each of the locations. Ten seeds of each F1 or parent were blended with 200 seeds of WA 4303 and seeded in a ten foot row. This was done in order to simulate a solid seeding with the limited amount of F1 seed. The data were analyzed by using Griffing's diallel analysis, Method 4, Model 1. The morphological traits measured were: heading date, kernels per spike, spikelets per spike, kernels per spikelet, weight per 1000 kernels, kernels per plant, spikes per plant and yield per plant. In an effort to obtain an unbiased combining ability estimate, a blend method of seeding (F1's mixed with a short semidwarf WA 4303) was used in order to simulate solid seedings. A comparison between the solid and blend seedings indicated, however, that WA 4303 did not exert the same influence on all hybrids. The estimate obtained should be less bias than those results obtained from other investigations where space or hill plantings were utilized. Significant general combining ability estimates were associated with all measured traits within the six environments, except for kernels per plant (high fertility) at one location. Specific combining ability estimates were significant for all traits at one location. Only part of the measured traits exhibited significant specific combining ability effects at the other two locations. Under the environments where specific combining ability estimates were significant they were larger than those for general combining ability for most traits. The lines utilized in this study were previously selected on the basis of their yielding ability. Therefore, the additive portion of the total genetic variance had already been maximized. The high specific combining ability estimates were attributed to this previous selection for additive gene action in addition to the nonadditive gene action which resulted from crossing of the selected lines. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis were exhibited by some hybrids for all measured traits and within all six environments. Heterosis and specific combining ability estimates were not always in close agreement which could result in some confusion in determining which crosses would perform best in a specific environment. These data would indicate that specific combining ability is a valid estimate of the total amount of nonadditive genetic variance present but in addition the additive genetic variance and the multiplicative action of the components are important and contribute to heterosis. The influence of the environmental-genotypic interaction as measured across locations was greater for specific combining ability estimates than that for the estimates of general combining ability for all traits measured. This suggests that the nonadditive genetic variance is more susceptible to changes in environmental conditions than is the additive portion of the total genetic variance.
Genotype-environment Interaction and Phenotypic Stability of Selected Winter Wheats (Triticum Aestivium L. Em Thell)
Author: Mark J. LarsonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genotype-environment interaction
Languages : en
Pages : 312
Book Description
Extensive research has been devoted to evaluating potential genotype-environment interactions. However, plant breeders are still in need of a simple way to describe how genotypes respond to different locations and years. In an environmentally diverse state like Oregon, significant genotype-environment interactions do occur The resulting lack of association between actual and genotypic potential yield performance makes it difficult to select genotypically superior lines. This study was prompted to evaluate the extent of such an interaction and compare various yield stability models. A significant genotype-environment interaction encompassing lines, environments, and years was discovered for each individual year analyzed and for the combined analysis of 1992, 1994 and 1995, and 1989 through 1994. Most lines evaluated during 1992, 1994 and 1995 were adapted to low yielding environments. However, two genotypes (OR880172 and OR880525) exhibited broad adaptation. Stephens and Mac Vicar were less adapted to the relatively high yielding Chambers site than the other genotypes tested during 1992, 1994 and 1995 due to Septoria tritici infections. The most stable genotypes during the combined 1992, 1994 and 1995 and 1989-1994 seasons were OR870831, Madsen and OR8500933H. Gene was the most desirable genotype based on stability and yield for both the combined 1992, 1994 and 1995 and 1989-1994 seasons. Due to an inability to adapt to higher yielding environments, the cultivar Rohde was the least stable genotype during the same combined periods. High and low temperatures and precipitation had minor yet significant effects on yield responses at all three sites during various periods identified. Advanced winter wheat selections and cultivars were grown in three diverse environments and compared over different time periods. Due to trial design and the objective of identifying superior genotypes from a set tested in target environments a combination of two methods, stability variance and a selection index, emerged as the most appropriate techniques. These approaches are considered the most appropriate because they use the mean of the trial as a gauge for measuring stability.
Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science
Author: Kansas Academy of SciencePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 632
Book Description
Plant Breeding Abstracts
Author: Statistical Methods for Plant Variety Evaluation
Author: R.A. KemptonPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400915039
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 203
Book Description
The International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), established in 1962, is an intergovernmental organization of four teen countries: Albania, Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey and Yugoslavia. Four institutes (Bari, Italy; Chania, Greece; Montpellier, France and Zaragoza, Spain) provide post-graduate education at the Master of Science level. CIHEAM promotes research networks on Mediterranean agricultural priorities, supports the organization of specialized education in member countries, holds seminars and workshops bringing together technologists and scientists involved in Mediterranean agriculture and regularly produces diverse publications including the series 'Options Mediterraneennes'. Through these activities, CIHEAM promotes North/South dialogue and international co-operation for agricultural development in the Mediterranean region. Plant breeding is, since 1982, one of the fields in which CIHEAM is con ducting a programme of training and promotion of research, through its Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Zaragoza. The programme includes a one-year advanced specialization course, a series of two-week courses for professionals, and support for collaborative research activities in Mediterranean-relevant species. Many of these activities are organized in col laboration with national and international institutions. The publication in 1993 of Plant Breeding. Principles and Prospects, which ini tiated the Chapman & Hall's Plant Breeding Series, has become an important feature of CIHEAM's plant breeding programme. We are now pleased to add a further volume to that series: the present book, Statistical Methods for Plant Variety Evaluation.
Nature of Inheritance, Genotype-environment Interaction and Association of Selected Agronomic Characters in Crosses of Winter X Spring Wheats (Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell)
Author: P. BrajcichPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 300
Book Description
This investigation was motivated by the apparent increase in genetic variability resulting from the systematic combining of gene pools represented by winter and spring types of wheats. It was the objective of this study to provide information regarding the nature of this genetic variability for nine agronomic characters in populations resulting from winter x spring crosses. Evaluations were made for: 1) the amount of total genetic variability; 2) the nature of the gene action making up this genetic variability using parent-progeny regression and combining ability analysis and 3) possible direct and indirect associations for traits which influence grain yield. Experimental populations which involved parents, Fl, F2 and backcross generations were grown at two locations where a spring and a winter environment could be utilized. At the winter site, the research was evaluated over a two year period. When the two experimental sites were compared, greater genetic diversity was observed at the spring site for maturity date, plant height, tillers per plant, kernel weight and grain yield. At the winter site, heading date, grain filling period, harvest index and kernels per spike were found to have more total genetic variation. From the expected mean square values, it would appear that the winter parents contributed more to the total genetic variation for most traits measured at both locations. A large genotype-location interaction was also noted suggesting that estimates of gene action and selection for adapted plant types can be done only at the specific winter or spring site. A large portion of the total genetic variation controlling the traits measured was due to additive gene action. However, at the winter site there was also a large influence of non-additive gene action associated with heading date, plant height, harvest index, tillers per plant, kernel weight, kernels per spike and grain yield. Of special interest was that at the winter site the most promising parental combinations could be predicted based on the general combining ability effects of the individual cultivars for each trait studied. Such data were not available for the spring site. Consistent and high correlations were observed between tillers per plant, kernels per spike and, to a lesser extent, kernel weight and grain yield at the winter location. Some negative associations were observed at the spring location between these traits and grain yield suggesting that yield component compensations were involved in the final expression of grain yield. The other characters measured did not reflect significant correlations with yield. When the correlation values were considered in terms of direct and indirect effects for specific traits, a large direct effect was noted for the three components and grain yield. The other traits exhibited small or no direct effects on grain yield but did have a slight influence on grain yield through tillers per plant, kernels per spike or kernel weight.
GGE Biplot Analysis
Author: Weikai YanPublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420040375
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 287
Book Description
Research data is expensive and precious, yet it is seldom fully utilized due to our ability of comprehension. Graphical display is desirable, if not absolutely necessary, for fully understanding large data sets with complex interconnectedness and interactions. The newly developed GGE biplot methodology is a superior approach to the graphical analys
Wheat Blast
Author: Sudheer KumarPublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429894074
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 157
Book Description
Wheat Blast provides systematic and practical information on wheat blast pathology, summarises research progress and discusses future perspectives based on current understanding of the existing issues. The book explores advance technologies that may help in deciding the path for future research and development for better strategies and techniques to manage the wheat blast disease. It equips readers with basic and applied understanding on the identification of disease, its distribution and chances of further spread in new areas, its potential to cause yield losses to wheat, the conditions that favour disease development, disease prediction modelling, resistance breeding methods and management strategies against wheat blast. Features: Provides comprehensive information on wheat blast pathogen and its management under a single umbrella Covers disease identification and diagnostics which will be helpful to check introduction in new areas Discusses methods and protocol to study the different aspects of the disease such as diagnostics, variability, resistance screening, epiphytotic creation etc. Gives deep insight on the past, present and future outlook of wheat blast research progress This book’s chapters are contributed by experts and pioneers in their respective fields and it provides comprehensive insight with updated findings on wheat blast research. It serves as a valuable reference for researchers, policy makers, students, teachers, farmers, seed growers, traders, and other stakeholders dealing with wheat.