Author: H. Esmaili and AssociatesPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric power-plants
Languages : en
Pages : 107
Book Description
Analysis of Feasibility of Electrical Load Management for Irrigated Agriculture in California
Author: H. Esmaili and AssociatesPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric power-plants
Languages : en
Pages : 107
Book Description
Electrical Load Management for the California Water System
Author: Betsy KriegPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric power
Languages : en
Pages : 70
Book Description
Analysis of Feasibility of Electrical Load Management for Irrigated Agriculture in California
Author: H. Esmaili and AssociatesPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric power-plants
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Book Description
California Load Management Research Report to the Department of Energy
Author: California Energy CommissionPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Increasing Agricultural Electricity Rates
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture and energy
Languages : en
Pages : 62
Book Description
Electrical Load Management for the California Water System
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
To meet its water needs California has developed an extensive system for transporting water from areas with high water runoff to areas with high water demand. This system annually consumes more than 6 billion kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity for pumping water and produces more than 12 billion kWh/year of hydroelectric power. From the point of view of energy conservation, the optimum operation of the California water supply system would require that pumping be done at night and generation be done during the day. Night pumping would reduce electric power peak load demand and permit the pumps to be supplied with electricity from ''base load'' generating plants. Daytime hydro power generation would augment peak load power generation by fossil-fuel power plants and save fuel. The technical and institutional aspects of this type of electric power load management for water projects are examined for the purpose of explaining some of the actions which might be pursued and to develop recommendations for the California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission (ERCDC). The California water supply system is described. A brief description is given of various energy conservation methods, other than load management, that can be used in the management of water resources. An analysis of load management is presented. Three actions for the ERCDC are recommended: the Commission should monitor upcoming power contract negotiations between the utilities and the water projects; it should determine the applicability of the power-pooling provisions of the proposed National Energy Act to water systems; and it should encourage and support detailed studies of load management methods for specific water projects.
Opportunities for Demand Response in California Agricultural Irrigation
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
California agricultural irrigation consumes more than ten billion kilowatt hours of electricity annually and has significant potential for contributing to a reduction of stress on the grid through demand response, permanent load shifting, and energy efficiency measures. To understand this potential, a scoping study was initiated for the purpose of determining the associated opportunities, potential, and adoption challenges in California agricultural irrigation. The primary research for this study was conducted in two ways. First, data was gathered and parsed from published sources that shed light on where the best opportunities for load shifting and demand response lie within the agricultural irrigation sector. Secondly, a small limited survey was conducted as informal face-to-face interviews with several different California growers to get an idea of their ability and willingness to participate in permanent load shifting and/or demand response programs. Analysis of the data obtained from published sources and the survey reveal demand response and permanent load shifting opportunities by growing region, irrigation source, irrigation method, grower size, and utility coverage. The study examines some solutions for demand response and permanent load shifting in agricultural irrigation, which include adequate irrigation system capacity, automatic controls, variable frequency drives, and the contribution from energy efficiency measures. The study further examines the potential and challenges for grower acceptance of demand response and permanent load shifting in California agricultural irrigation. As part of the examination, the study considers to what extent permanent load shifting, which is already somewhat accepted within the agricultural sector, mitigates the need or benefit of demand response for agricultural irrigation. Recommendations for further study include studies on how to gain grower acceptance of demand response as well as other related studies such as conducting a more comprehensive survey of California growers.
Energy and Water Use in Irrigated Agriculture During Drought Conditions
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Energy requirements for irrigation vary widely across California as a function of the proximity of water sources, the methods of irrigation, and the water requirements of the crops. The objectives of this study are to determine water and energy use for agricultural irrigation and during the 1977 season; describe the responses of agriculture to the drought conditions of 1977; and identify the present and potential water and energy conservation sstrategies applicable to California. The analysis of electricity and water requirements for irrigated agriculture was started as a part of a two-phase project. The purposes of the overall study are to assess the impacts of the drought on California electricity supply and demand, to evaluate remedial measures, and to develop a methodology for such assessments. The methodology used for determining electricity requirements to pump irrigation water focuses on the hydrologic basins of the Central Valley. The method employs several factors to calculate the final energy demand for pumping. The factors include unit energy use to obtain ground and surface water, average water use by individual crop, type of irrigation, and estimated crop acreage planted in 1977. Section II (''Energy/Water Use During Drought Year'') contains the assumptions and calculations used to determine the total electricity demand. The dry years of 1976 and 1977 present an opportunity to gain a better understanding of how farmers meet their irrigation needs with limited supplies of surface water. Section III (''Agriculture's Responses of Drought Conditions'') outlines the major strategies employed in 1977. Since the overall purpose of this present study is to determine if this information can help develop a long-term approach for water and energy conservation in irrigated agriculture, the present and potential conservation trategies applicable to California were identified and presented in Section IV.
Electrical Load Management for the California Water System
Author: B. L. KriegPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric power
Languages : en
Pages : 57
Book Description
Author: G. Buchleiter