Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete
Languages : en
Pages : 90
Book Description
An Interlaboratory Evaluation of the Variability in the ASTM C 457 Linear Traverse Method
Precision of the Air Void Characteristics Measurement by ASTM C 457
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 11
Book Description
Since 1993, the Quebec Department of Transportation requires all its concrete suppliers to demonstrate that their concrete satisfies the requirements of the CSA A23.1 standard as regards the maximum spacing factor of the air void system. This new requirement raises questions about the reproducibility of the ASTM C 457 test method. An interlaboratory study was carried out to verify if the variability of the test method is sufficiently low to allow reliable decisions on the acceptance or rejection of in-place hardened concrete. A total of 18 operators from 13 different laboratories microscopically examined the six concrete slabs used for the study. It is concluded that the average reproducibility coefficient of variation is 14.4 % for the total air content measurement and 14.2 % for the spacing factor measurement. Considering these results, the probability that the measured value of the spacing factor exceeds the mandatory limit of 230 um on a concrete production containing an air void system with a spacing factor of 170 um (the target value proposed in the CSA A23.1 M-94 standard is less than 0.7 % (a propability of error of about 1 %, 5 %, or 10 % is typical of most quality control test methods).
Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
Author: Cement, Concrete and Aggregates
Author: American Society for Testing and MaterialsPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aggregates (Building materials)
Languages : en
Pages : 636
Book Description
Journal of the American Concrete Institute
Author: American Concrete InstitutePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete
Languages : en
Pages : 1126
Book Description
Microscopic Air Void Analysis of Hardened Portland Cement Concrete by the Isolated Shadow Technique
Author: Basil Mark HarrisAnnual Book of ASTM Standards
Author: ASTM InternationalPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Materials
Languages : en
Pages : 878
Book Description
Advanced Techniques for Surface Engineering
Author: W. GisslerPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792320067
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 416
Book Description
The hardest requirements on a material are in general imposed at the surface: it has to be wear resistant for tools and bearings; corrosion resistant for turbine blades; antireflecting for solar cells; and it must combine several of these properties in other applications. `Surface engineering' is the general term that incorporates all the techniques by which a surface modification can be accomplished. These techniques include both the more traditional methods, such as nitriding, boriding and carburizing, and the newer ones, such as ion implantation, laser beam melting and, in particular, coating. This book comprises and compares in a unique way all these techniques of surface engineering. It is a compilation of lectures which were held by renowned scientists and engineers in the frame of the well known `EuroCourses' of the Joint Research Centre of the Commission of the European Communities. The book is principally addressed to material and surface scientists, physicists and chemists, engineers and technicians of industries and institutes where surface engineering problems arise.
Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-making Materials
Author: Joseph F. LamondPublisher: ASTM International
ISBN: 0803133677
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 661
Book Description
Materials for Advanced Packaging
Author: Daniel LuPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319450980
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 974
Book Description
Significant progress has been made in advanced packaging in recent years. Several new packaging techniques have been developed and new packaging materials have been introduced. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in this industry, particularly in the areas of microelectronics, optoelectronics, digital health, and bio-medical applications. The book discusses established techniques, as well as emerging technologies, in order to provide readers with the most up-to-date developments in advanced packaging.