An Ecological Survey of Western Province, Zambia, with Special Reference to the Fodder Resources PDF Download

Author: W. C. Verboom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 110

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Author: Namukolo Mukutu
Publisher: Notion Press
ISBN: 1684664969
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 529

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In the course of work as an Animal Husbandry Extension worker, Namukolo Mukutu often had requests from intending farmers on how to start a beef farm, where to farm, and how to farm. Already established farmers, on the other hand, also often approached him for advice with specific problems, usually relating to “how to”. The notes compiled in this book are intended for both these groups of farmers. The message or technologies in the first part (Chapters 1-27) are clear and easy to understand. This, however, is what is commonly taught in schools of animal husbandry. It is essentially the easier part. The more difficult part, and what is not taught in schools of animal husbandry has to do with how the cattle interact with their environment to assure sustainable availability of forage on which they depend. When this relationship is properly understood and put into practice, cattle productivity is enhanced and even continue to increase. Namukolo Mukutu makes this the cornerstone of the book. Sustainable animal husbandry systems are recommended for all soil and vegetation types of Zambia. The notes, provide a very simple and practical way in which the starting point of beef farming, the estimation of carrying capacity can be carried out, out of which the herd size and systems of animal husbandry suitable for the area can be designed and implemented.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Zambia
Languages : en
Pages : 424

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Author: D.C.P. Thalen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400996225
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 430

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A. Scope of the study 5 B. Background 6 C. Desert shru b rangelands 7 1. Definition 7 2. World distribution of desert shrub vegetation 8 3. Resource value of desert shrubs 12 D. Iraq, a brief introduction to the country 14 1. Environment 14 2. Population 17 3. Land use 18 4. Vegetation 19 I. INTRODUCTION I. A. Scope of the study The degradation of renewable natural resources in the arid areas of South West Asia has become a matter of great concern. Locally the effects of careless utili zation of the land and its resources had been felt long ago. It is, however, only relatively recently that the gravity of the situation is being generally and fully realised. It is now well understood that action is required to save what is left and possibly to restore what was once there. Such action requires organization and coordination, but above all knowledge of the present state of the resources and the impact of utilization processes. Part of this knowledge is already available. The problems are not confined to this part of the world's arid lands, but exist equally well elsewhere. Especially over the last decades an ever increasing number of studies have been published dealing with aspects of arid zone research. Problem analyses were followed by compila tions of knowledge in particular fields (White 1956; Hills 1966; Mc Ginnies et al. 1967, 1969, 1971;KauI1970;Clawsonetal.

Author: Arnold Clifford Orvedal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 468

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Author: R.O. Whyte
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401023255
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 233

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1.1 Objective and scope These chapters are not intended as a treatise on range management of tropical grazing lands, nor on the agronomy of sown pastures and cultivated fodder crops, aspects of applied science that are only one stage above scientific farming and use of land. An attempt is made to present the vegetation sciences, or botany and ecology in their widest aspects, as the essential background for their application in economic land use and plant and animal husbandry. The basic thesis is that science is global, but that its practical application is restricted to specific biological and socio economic habitats. The region covered is termed the intertropical zone. This comprises the equatorial latitudes, the tropics and subtropics. It is not only that part of the globe lying between latitudes 30° north and south of the Equator, as proposed by some writers (DAVIES, W., 1960; repeated by DAVIES & SKIDMORE, 1966). Rather is it those regions of the world in which, at the lower elevations, certain families and members of the Gramineae and Leguminosae grow wild or can be cultivated. It may be a matter for discussion whether these plants in their wild communities or sown or planted crop mixtures are better indicators of a biological environment than the instruments and criteria of the meteorologists.

Author: Mwelwa C. Musambachime
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1514449145
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 374

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This study focuses on the study of metallurgy in pre-colonial Zambia to 1890. A general review of the literature on metallurgy in pre-colonial Zambia reveals that during the period our study (up to 1890), three metals were mined. Iron production was a widespread, important and significant phenomenon, responsible for producing utility toolshoes, axe, knives, weapons, spears, arrow heads and broad knives, and regalia for the political and religious office holderscopper, which was confine to few areas; and gold to even fewer areas. Metallurgy was an important economic activity in which all ethnic groups participated in different levels of intensity. From iron ore which was smelted in elaborate and complicated processes imbued in magic, song, dance, incantations, medicines, and taboos by members of exclusively male guilds, blacksmiths were able to produce the following: (a) tools used in agriculture: hoes, axes used to clear forestays or areas to be cultivated to grow food for subsistence, non-edible crops such as tobacco and hemp which were smoked as part of relaxation, cotton used to make blankets sand shawls, needles for mending clothes, and knives for a variety of uses; (b) hunting using varieties of spears to hunt game, seek protection from dangerous animals, for defence of resources or offence to capture desired resources; (c) various sizes of hooks used in fishing different varieties of fish; and (d) making of regalia used in chieftaincies and priesthood as symbols of authority. Copper was also smelted and put in ingots of varying sizes and rods of varying sizes and lengths, which were (a) used to make copper wires as wires, rods, vessels and other utensils, copper smiths produced jewellery and ornaments and cast art pieces such as statues and necklaces worn by men and women as status symbols; (b) used in exchange of goods and services as currency; and (c) used to produce regalia for the for those in authority. Gold was mined directly and processed into making as variety of items such as buttons and regalia. In its various forms of development and sophistication, metallurgy was responsible for the economic, social and political advances among the pre-colonial societies. A variety of skills was required for building furnaces, producing charcoal, smelting and forging iron into goods. Metallurgy and production of various items that were needed and necessary for an improved life were generally not an enclave activity but a process that satisfied the totality of socioeconomic needs. It also promoted the gender division of labour within community. Wealth from the Rocks is therefore a detailed study of the place, role, and function of metallurgy in pre-colonial Zambian societies.

Author: A. Blair Rains
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Botswana
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Author: N. W. Posnett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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Author: Jonathan Timberlake
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiversity
Languages : en
Pages : 316

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